Insumansumane ngemvelaphi abantu. Izinganekwane Kwezwe

Ezikhathini zasendulo, abantu uye savela impucuko. Lezi lalihlukene kwamaqembu ezinhlanga, okuyinto akhiwa ngaphansi kwethonya izici ezithile futhi ube namasu abo isiko kanye ohlukaniswa umuntu othize. Ngenxa yokuthi awazange nezobuchwepheshe enikwe ngaphambili njengokubekwe lwesintu zanamuhla, abantu basendulo wawuncike ku whims bemvelo. Ngemva kwalokho umbani, imvula, ukuzamazama komhlaba nezinye izenzakalo zemvelo kwakubonakala ibonakalisa amandla waphezulu ezulwini. La mandla, njengoba kwakubonakala, abone ukuthi isiphetho nobuntu. Ngakho wazalwa izinganekwane sokuqala ngqa.

Yini inganeko?

Ngokusho wesimanje definition kwamasiko, kuba indaba exoxwayo odlala nezinkolelo abantu basendulo mayelana nezwe, mayelana emandleni aphakeme ekhuluma ngokubusiswa komuntu, Biography of the heroes omkhulu nonkulunkulu ngefomu ngamazwi. Ngandlela-thile, babonisa ezingeni lolwazi bese womuntu. Lezi izindaba zalotshwa futhi isuka ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane, ukuze sikwazi ukwazi namuhla njengoba imicabango efanayo kokhokho bethu. Okusho ukuthi, uma izinganekwane kwakuwuhlobo oluthile ukwazi komphakathi, kanye indlela ukuqonda iqiniso zemvelo nezenhlalo, okutshengisa ukubukwa sendoda esikhathini esithile ukuthuthukiswa.

Kunezinganekwane eziningi ngokuphathelene umsuka indoda nezwe

Phakathi imibuzo eminingi zikhathazeke isintu ngalezo zinsuku nenkinga esiphuthumayo ikakhulukazi ukubonakala emhlabeni futhi indoda kuwo. Ngenxa yelukuluku lazo, abantu baye bazama ukuchaza nokuqonda ukuthi Ngaphambili they zuza khona owabadala. Yingaleso sikhathi futhi kukhona inganekwane ahlukene ngemvelaphi abantu.

Ngenxa yokuthi isintu, njengoba kuye kwashiwo, ukuthuthukisa amaqembu enkulu ayebandlululwa legend of ubuzwe ngakunye okube ngandlela-thile esiyingqayizivele, njengoba kubonakala hhayi kuphela isimo sengqondo abantu ngaleso sikhathi, kodwa futhi eyayikhipha isinqumo isinyathelo sokuthuthukisa amasiko nomphakathi, kanye nolwazi ethwele izwe lapho abantu babephila. Ngalo mqondo, izinganekwane babe zinenzuzo ethile emkhakheni wezomlando, ngoba ukuvumela ukwakha ezinye izahlulelo okunengqondo ngalokhu noma ukuthi isizwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zingabantu ibhuloho phakathi esidlule kanye nesizukulwane esizayo yokuxhumana nge okuxhunyanwa ulwazi esiye zanqwabelana izindaba ezivela ubudala kuya bohlobo entsha, ngaleyo ndlela ukumfundisa.

izinganekwane anthropogonic

Kungakhathaliseki impucuko, bonke abantu asendulo ayenamagama imibono yabo mayelana nokuthi kungenwa kanjani indoda ebonakala kuleli zwe. Sinenkosi ezinye izici ezivamile, kodwa futhi kufanele kokungafani okukhulu, okuyizinto ngenxa izici zokuphila kanye nokuthuthukiswa impucuko. Zonke izinganekwane mayelana umsuka indoda okuthiwa anthropogonic. Leli gama livela esiGrekini "anthropos", okusho - indoda. Into enjengale inganekwane ngemvelaphi abantu, kukhona ngokuphelele zonke izizwe zasendulo. Okuwukuphela umehluko nombono wabo emhlabeni.

Ukuze uqhathanise, cabanga eceleni zithathwe izinganekwane ngemvelaphi yomuntu nezwe bezizwe ezimbili ezinkulu, okuyinto kwaba nethonya eliphawulekayo ukuthuthukiswa lesintu ngesikhathi sako. Lokhu impucuko of Ancient Greece neChina.

AmaShayina ukubheka ekudalweni kwemhlaba

AmaShayina babe umkhathi wethu njengoba amaqanda omkhulu, okuyinto yagcwala endabeni ethile - Chaos. Ngaphandle kwalenxushunxushu Ngazalwa ukhokho waso sonke isintu - Pangu. Usebenzisa noma imbazo yakhe noma waphula iqanda, elaba khona. Lapho yasihlephula iqanda, chaos kwagqashuka futhi ngaqala ukushintsha. Kwakheka esibhakabhakeni (Yin) - lihlotshaniswa nesiqalo ukukhanya Nomhlaba (Yan) - Isimiso amnyama. Ngakho kwamiswa emhlabeni ngezinkolelo amaShayina. Ngemva kwalokho Pangu wabeka izandla zakhe ukuba isibhakabhaka futhi izinyawo zakhe emhlabathini futhi waqala ukwanda. Yena kancane kancane zaze esibhakabhakeni wahlukana phansi futhi abazange babe indlela siwubona namuhla. Pangu, lapho ekhula, bagqekeza yizicucu, futhi yaba isisekelo zezwe lethu. umzimba wakhe, waba ezintabeni namathafa, inyama - emhlabeni, eziphefumulayo engizenze - emoyeni futhi umoya, igazi - ngamanzi, futhi isikhumba - kwezimila.

izinganekwane Chinese

Njengoba le nkolelo-ze-Chinese ngemvelaphi yomuntu, kwamiswa emhlabeni, okuyinto kuhlale izilwane, izinhlanzi nezinyoni, kodwa abantu namanje wayengekho. AmaShayina babekholelwa ukuthi uMdali wesintu uye waba umoya omkhulu zesifazane - Nuwa. AmaShayina asendulo ohlonishwayo ke njengoba yena ngubani uhlela emhlabeni, kwathiwa achazwe njengomuntu wesifazane nge umzimba womuntu, inyoni imilenze nomsila inyoka, okuyinto ubambe kudiski kwenyanga (uphawu Yin) nokukala engela.

Nuwa waqala sculpt ngalo obumbeni izibalo womuntu ukuthi ziyaphila bese ziphenduka zibe abantu. Wasebenza isikhathi esiningi futhi waqaphela ukuthi amandla ayo akwanele ukudala abantu abayohlala emhlabeni wonke. Nuwa wathatha indophi futhi balidlulisele ezinganeni ngokusebenzisa ubumba ketshezi, bese wazamazama. Kukhona, lapho izigaxa bawa ubumba olumanzi, kwakukhona abantu. Kodwa kwakungafanele kwafana nalawo izinto senziwa ngesandla. Ngakho izinganekwane Chinese olungisiswayo khona yezikhulu ukuthi Nuwa waphuphuthekisa ngezandla zakhe, futhi abantu emakilasini ephansi, wadala ngosizo izindophi. Goddess wanika izidalwa zakhe ithuba ukukhiqiza kabusha bebodwa, kanye bajwayelane umqondo womshado, okuyinto ukulandela esiqinile kakhulu eChina yasendulo. Ngakho-ke kungenzeka ukuba sicabangele Nuwa umvikeli ngomshado.

Lona inganekwane Chinese ngemvelaphi yomuntu. Njengoba ubona, kodwa kuveza izinkolelo hhayi kuphela bendabuko Chinese, kodwa futhi ezinye izici futhi imithetho waqondisa abantu AmaShayina asendulo ezimpilweni zabo.

zamaGreki Akukhona ukubukeka indoda

Inganekwane yamaGreki umsuka indoda ulandisa indlela Prometheus wadala abantu ngebumba. Kodwa abantu bokuqala babefana sengozini kakhulu futhi angazi kanjani. Ngenxa yalesi senzo we onkulunkulu bamaGreki zamthukuthelela Prometheus futhi wakhulelwa ukubhubhisa lonke uhlanga lwesintu. Nokho, Prometheus lukusindisile izingane zabo ngokweba umlilo kusukela Olympus waliyisa le ndoda ekulesi Isiqu umhlanga elingenalutho. Ngenxa yalesi, uZeyusi ababegqunywe ngamaNazi kuleli amaketango Prometheus eCaucasus, lapho ukhozi ukuthi zingcofa isibindi sayo.

Ngokujwayelekile, zamaGreki, iyiphi inganekwane ngemvelaphi abantu akukuniki ulwazi oluthile mayelana nokubonakala esintwini, ezingaphezu kuka bagxile izenzakalo ezalandela. Mhlawumbe lokhu kungenxa yokuthi amaGreki ayembheka abangelutho womuntu ngokumelene okwenza wonkulunkulu onguMninimandla onke, ngaleyo ndlela egcizelela ukubaluleka kwabo sonke isizwe. Empeleni, cishe yonke legends ngesiGreki axhunyiwe ngokuqondile noma ngokungaqondile nonkulunkulu othumele amaqhawe uhlanga lwesintu, ezifana no-Odysseus noJason, futhi ubasize.

izinganekwane Izici

Khona-ke, has izici ukucabanga wasenganekwaneni?

Njengoba ubona ngenhla, umsuka izinganekwane womuntu legends humusha abuye achaza izindlela ezahlukene ngokuphelele. Kumele baqonde ukuthi isidingo ngabo khona ngaleso wokuqala esigabeni nokuthuthuka komuntu. Bona iphuma isidingo somuntu lokuchaza imvelaphi yomuntu, imvelo kanye nesakhiwo jikelele. Yiqiniso, indlela eyodwa yokuchaza esebenzisa izinganekwane, kunalokho bakudala, kuba ngokuphongoza nokuchazwa oda zomhlaba, okusekelwa isayensi. I izinganekwane zonke ngempela ngokuqondile futhi eceleni, benza imiqondo hhayi abstract. Man, umphakathi kanye nemvelo ukuhlanganisa. Uhlobo eyinhloko ukucabanga basezinganekwaneni - okwenyanga. Wonke umuntu iqhawe noma unkulunkulu uye ngempela kulandelwa umqondo noma mkhuba. Lokhu Hlobo luni lokucabanga olukhuthazwa ophika yikuphi ukuphikisana okunengqondo, ngokusekelwe ekubeni nokholo, hhayi ulwazi. Kuyinto engakwazi ukukhiqiza imibuzo akuzona zokudala.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinganekwane Ubuye namakhono athile etemibhalo ezivumela ukugcizelela ukubaluleka zezenzakalo ezikule ncwadi. Lena ihaba, ukuthi senze ihaba, isibonelo, amandla noma ezinye izici ezibalulekile heroes (Pangu, owakwazi ukukhulisa esibhakabhakeni), izingathekiso ukuthi uMenzi izici ezithile zezinto noma izidalwa ukuthi bengakwenzi empeleni ifa.

izici ezivamile kanye nethonya ku isiko emhlabeni

Ngokuvamile, kungenzeka ukulandela njalo ezithile kuwo uchaza indlela umsuka izinganekwane wobuntu lwezizwe ngezizwe. Cishe kuzo zonke izimo kukhona inhlangano saphezulu esiphefumulayo yokuphila bangene entweni engaphili, ukudala, futhi kanjalo zakha isimiso womuntu. Leli thonya izinkolelo yobuqaba yasendulo usukela ezinkolweni kamuva kwaba izincwadi ezinjengethi ubuKristu, lapho uNkulunkulu wenza umuntu ngomfanekiso waKhe futhi umfuzile. Nokho, uma akucaci ukuthi U-Adamu, khona-ke uNkulunkulu ka-Eva kudala ubambo, okufakazela lokhu kwethonya ezinganekwaneni zasendulo. Leli thonya basezinganekwaneni usukela cishe kuwo wonke amasiko, obabukhona kamuva.

Ancient izinganekwane Turkic mayelana nendlela umuntu uvele

Old inganekwane Turkic ngokhokho womuntu womuntu zinhlobo imvelaphi, kanye mdali womhlaba, ngokuthi unkulunkulukazi Umai. Nanguya dada ezimhlophe wandizela phezu kwamanzi, okuyinto ubelokhu ekhona, bahlola izwe, kodwa kamtholanga. Sasizalela iqanda ngqo emanzini, kodwa amaqanda ngokushesha waminza. Khona-ke unkulunkulukazi wanquma ukwenza kwaziwe lokho isidleke emanzini, kodwa izimpaphe, wayenzele zazo, babe iyashesha ukuthinteka, futhi amagagasi waphula esidlekeni. Unkulunkulukazi sibamba umoya wakhe futhi yacwila kuze kufike phansi. Yena wakhipha isiqephu sezwe ngoqhwaku. Khona-ke nkulunkulu Tengri wabona ubuhlungu futhi wathumela Umai izinhlanzi ezintathu yensimbi. Wafaka umhlaba ngemuva omunye izinhlanzi, futhi zaqala ukuhluma lize kwakheka lonke izwe eliwumhlaba. Ngemva kwalokho, unkulunkulukazi sasizalela iqanda kusuka elafika sonke isintu, izinyoni, izilwane, izihlahla kanye nakho konke okunye.

Yini kungaba azimisele ngokufunda inganekwane Turkish ngemvelaphi yomuntu? Omunye angabona ukufana jikelele ne legends ajwayelekile yaseGrisi yasendulo futhi China. A uhlobo amandla waphezulu kwenza abantu, okungukuthi aphume iqanda, okuyinto kakhulu efana le nganekwane Chinese Pangu. Ngakho, kuyacaca ukuthi ekuqaleni abantu ukuhlobanisa ukudalwa ngokwabo by Isifaniso eziphilayo, okuyinto babebona. Futhi kuyofikwa kuhlonishwe Amazing kumama ekuqaleni, abesifazane njengendlela continuer zokuphila.

Kunezinganekwane eziningi ngokuphathelene imisuka abangabantu abanakekela ngayo izingane

Yini zizifundele zona ngokwazo ingane kulezi zinganekwane? Kuyini omusha, ifunda ngokufunda Izinganekwane ngemvelaphi yomuntu?

Endaweni yokuqala ngeke simvumele ukuba simazi nesiko futhi ukuphila kwabantu, obabukhona ezikhathini zasendulo. Kepha inganekwane uhlobo isici engokomfanekiso yokucabanga, ingane kulula kakhulu ukuba sisamukele futhi bakwazi sokwetshisa ulwazi. Ezinganeni kuba indaba efanayo, futhi sengathi inganekwane, zisuthe ngokuhle ukuziphatha efanayo kanye nokwaziswa. Uma ufunda nengane yabo Uzofunda ukuthuthukisa ukucabanga kwabo izinqubo, funda kukhishwe bona kuzuze Ukufundwa bese sifinyelela iziphetho.

Inganekwane umsuka abantu uyonikeza ingane impendulo yombuzo evutha - ngavelaphi mina kusukela? Yiqiniso, impendulo kuyoba okungalungile, kodwa izingane thatha konke kalula, futhi ngakho-ke ngeke ukwanelisa isithakazelo ingane. Ukufunda inganekwane ngenhla yesiGreki umsuka indoda, ingane uzokwazi ukuba siqonde ukuthi kungani isintu kubalulekile ukuze umlilo futhi bekubonakala ukuthi wathola. Lokhu singaba usizo kabi kwezemfundo Ngokuzayo wengane esikoleni samabanga aphansi.

Izinhlobonhlobo futhi ukusetshenziswa ingane

Ngempela, uma sithatha izibonelo izinganekwane mayelana umsuka indoda (hhayi kubo kuphela) kusuka zamaGreki, uzophawula ukuthi izinhlamvu ezimibalabala kanye nenombolo yabo inkulu kakhulu futhi ezithakazelisayo hhayi kuphela abafundi abasha, kodwa ngisho abadala. Nokho, kudingeka sisize ingane yakho ziphathelene konke lokhu, kungenjalo nje Ufika udidekile ku imicimbi kanye izimbangela zazo. Kuyadingeka ukuba achazele ingane ukuthi kungani uNkulunkulu uyamthanda yini noma akamthandi lokhu noma lokhuya uhlamvu, kungani ukumsiza. Ngale ndlela ingane izofunda ukwakha amaketanga ngekulandzelana ukuqhathanisa amaqiniso, abenze eziphethweni.

Ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukuba ufundise ingane ukufunda izinganekwane kusukela zisencane. Anjengesibani inganekwane emangalisayo nokusiza ukuthuthukisa amakhono okufunda, kucabanga lokuhlelekile kanye yokudala, ukwakheka imicabango.