Izindaba UmphakathiUhlobo

Intaba ephakeme kunazo zonke e-Europe: incazelo kanye nezithombe

Ngokumangalisayo, e yethu ukukhanyiselwa xxi leminyaka zisekhona mpikiswano eqhubekayo mayelana nokuthi iyiphi intaba ephakeme kunazo zonke e-Europe. Abanye ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi lokhu Elbrus, kanye nezinye - Mont Blanc. Kunengqondo ukuphetha ngokuthi ezinzima kangaka? Ngosizo lwezobuchwepheshe banamuhla, manje ungakwazi kalula ukusetha ukuphakama ngaphezu kogu lolwandle of vertex ngamunye. Kodwa nje angabekwa kungabikho izinkinga. Ukuphakama futhi Elbrus futhi Mont Blanc sezisunguliwe kudala kuze isentimitha eliseduze. Inkinga owaphakanyiswa emkhakheni umngcele. Lokho, esitatimendeni "intaba ephakeme kunazo zonke eYurophu - ..." kufanele agcizelele hhayi amamitha, futhi ngalokho ensimini yethu ukuthi angafakwa ku-Ukwakheka yaleli zwekazi. Futhi uma Mont Blanc licacile: isiqongo Alpine - ngokuqinisekile-Europe, i Elbrus kunjalo elula cha. Ake sibheke le nkinga.

umbuzo amagugu

"White Intaba", le Mont Blanc, amanga ohlangothini olungasentshonalanga Alps kohlelo, emngceleni eFrance nase-Italy. Lokhu afanayo futhi ube nenkinga ye indawo amukelekile kwabanye abantu. Kodwa elinye icebo. Ngemva ukulahlekelwa ngokuzijamela Duchy of Savoy, entabeni nesigodi bazungeza ngokuphindaphindiwe basukile Italy eFrance futhi okuphambene nalokho. Manje, ngemva Dweba eYurophu ngemva kwempi, kwatholakala ukuthi isiqongo esemqoka ye Mont Blanc inohlelo Cordon phakathi ezimbili uthi. Ngakho, elele emthambekeni Saint-Gervais edolobheni kungokwalabo eFrance, nama-Courmayeur ski resort, eliseduze - Italy. Ukuphakama Mont Blanc ifinyelela 4810 amamitha. Eceleni ukuthi isiqongo esiphakeme afanayo ezinye phezulu, kuphela kancane wawungaphansi kwekhanda. Lokhu Blanc de Courmayeur (amamitha angaphezu kuka-4,700), ngisho Grand Bos, Rocher de la Turmetov kanye angaphezu kweshumi nambili emine thousander. A ukuphakama Elbrus - kakhulu ngendlela 5642 amamitha. iqhawe Sinemibandela! Umbuzo amanga kwenye indawo. Kuyinto intaba ephakeme kunazo zonke e-Europe noma Asia, entabeni evamile?

udaba yemida

Njengoba ayaziwa ubunjalo uthando lenqubekela phambili kanye nokusebenza olubushelelezi. Amazwekazi ku komunye nomunye. Ukube bekungekhona ukuthi iBering Strait, kwakhiwa hhayi kudala ngezindinganiso ngokwebalazwe, nasemazweni aseMelika ngabe tho nge-Eurasia. Kodwa umuntu - isilwane esingavamile: Mnike imingcele ecacile. Ngakho-ke, esigabeni sika-izwekazi lethu eYurophu nase-Asia - a luyingxenye ezingafanele. Futhi ngezindlela eziningi lapha, ngaphandle geography, ezombusazwe lihilelekile. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi sika uHerodotus kuya kwamashumi amahlanu kwekhulu lamashumi amabili, kwaba ucishe ecacile. Lo mhosha ohlukanisa eYurophu nase-Asia, okwenzeka ngasogwini Sea Kara phezu isiqongo eyinhloko Urals, bese esekelwe emfuleni eponymous ke eduze enyakatho iCaspian Sea, okulandelayo Main eCaucasus Ridge, oLwandle Olumnyama. Ngaphezu kwalokho Cordon badabula Bosporuss futhi Dardanelless. EMedithera, ukudideka kwavela: lwaseTurkey yesimanje - kuyinto Asia, konke enyakatho ke - Europe, naseningizimu amanzi Afrika zezinkulumo. Uhlelo izixhumanisi Elbrus - intaba ephakeme kunazo zonke e-Europe, ngoba itholakala enyakatho ugema eyinhloko eCaucasus.

Insatiable-Union Geographical Society

Ngasemngceleni ophakathi eYurophu nase-Asia, konke lokho kwase ecacile kuze 1958. I ukudideka iqale ngo-fault-Union Geographical Society. Pundits wasiphakamisa isibukezo kwezinkambiso eside zaziwa. Banquma akulungile bisect namathafa zemvelo. Caucasus uhlelo entabeni basuke ubalwe njengenye ezinjalo, naphezu okusobala izici zezulu of emithambekeni wasenyakatho nowaseningizimu futhi. Ngendlela efanayo, saze safika ezindaweni amanzi emfuleni izigodi. Omunye ngomvimbo esibayeni zonke Ural futhi kwafakazelwa ngokugcwele njengokuyiqiniso eYurophu nase-Caucasus - I-Asia. Ngakho, Elbrus, intaba ephakeme kunazo zonke e-Europe, obude ukuba 832 amamitha ngaphambi Mont Blanc, wayengeyena entabeni lokuqala kuleli zwekazi entsha, kakhulu ukulahlekelwa Everest.

izinhlelo ezahlukene

Ngesikhathi kubusa amaSoviet, bahambe abakhileyo komunye anamithandathu ka ezweni ahlala wodwa wahlukanisiwe lonke izwe. Futhi kwakungeyona ku "ubuKhomanisi." Ukuhlanekezela akuyona kuphela umbono walokho ukuphila kufana ngaphansi ezibolile ne-capitalism, kodwa futhi ngempela kude inqubomgomo imiqondo hlangothi. Ngakho, kuzo zonke izincwadi lwesifundo zaseSoviet Union ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa kwalotshwa ukuthi nomngcele ophakathi eYurophu nase-Asia egobhoza onqenqemeni empumalanga yezintaba zase-Ural, khona-ke (okungenangqondo) ku emfuleni Emba lize agelezela oLwandle iCaspian ke uma ugudla ugu enyakatho amanzi emthonjeni eMfuleni Kuma. Cordon Landelayo badabula Ukucindezeleka Kuma-Manych kuya Don, bese emlonyeni wakhe, futhi oLwandle Azov. Ngenxa yalokhu division akuyona kuphela Elbrus, intaba ephakeme kunazo zonke e-Europe, saya e-Asia, kodwa futhi wonke Peninsula Taman.

Yini iphuzu?

Kodwa ake azame ukuqagela ukuthi inkambo ukucabanga ... Cha, zokuma kwendawo hhayi ngempela namaSoviet futhi labo abamagama isetshenziswa ukukhonza. Ekupheleni 50s, Melika hhayi kuphela kwaba imbangi main kweSoviet Union, kodwa futhi emazweni Western Europe. Imibono ka the CPSU Central Committee (olwaluhlanganisa zonke izici zomphakathi), waqhathanisa uhlelo sezenhlalo ezibolile wobunxiwankulu. EU.SSR kwadingeka bame yedwa, kukholakala ukuthi izinto ezincane kuzoba ukuxhumana no- Europe, ngcono. Iqiniso lokuthi Mount Elbrus - intaba ephakeme kunazo zonke e-Europe, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, eRussia kakhulu ihlushwe ubuholi Soviet. Ngakho-ke, emngceleni elibuyekeziwe phakathi eYurophu nase-Asia. Kuyinto lokhu, hhayi obakhathalelayo ubuqotho landscape yemvelo, kuyinto isizathu sangempela lesi sinqumo.

Ukungezwani lwemibhalo

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ngesinqumo Zonke-Union Geographical Society lalithé ngo-1959 osekelwa Umhlaba Nomhlaba Congress, emazweni amaningi baye bayishaya indiva emisha Soviet. Futhi ukungafani kuze kube yilolu suku. Ngokwesibonelo, ebhekisela lwemibhalo onegunya kakhulu "Wikipedia". Uhlelo olubhalwe ngolimi lwesiNgisi uthi umngcele phakathi eYurophu nase-Asia uya "... eyayiwuphawu yezintaba zase-Ural, emfuleni eponymous, yoLwandle iCaspian ne eCaucasus eningizimu-mpumalanga ..." Lokhu kusho ukuthi emazweni amaningi akholelwa ukuthi intaba ephakeme kunazo zonke e-Europe - Mount Elbrus. Kodwa inguqulo Russian kunikeza idatha ezahlukene kakhulu.

A yakudala elincane esidlule

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi eSoviet Union kade laphela, omunye umphako zalo sisahlala izingqondo zabantu. Ngakho, yini Uzotshela ofuna isiRashiya ukwazi "Wikipedia" iqiniso womhlaba? Yini iyintaba ephakeme kunazo zonke e-Europe? It kuvela ukuthi nomngcele ophakathi eYurophu nase-Asia, le nguqulo lwemibhalo Umhlaba ichaza umoya ebucayini nesincumo 1958 futhi owamukelwa lwati lwa "ngonyawo esempumalanga Urals, Mugodzhary, Emba, ogwini olusenyakatho yoLwandle iCaspian, phezu Araks, Black futhi Marmara kwezilwandle ..." Lokho esikubonayo zanamuhla ukwelashwa? Lonke simiso Urals, njengoba kwahlongozwa ngo-1958, ubhekwa Europe. Kodwa futhi kubhekwe, futhi yonke eCaucasus! umngcele okusha egobhoza Araks River, yiwo ogelezela esinqeni eningizimu uhlelo entabeni. Lokhu kusho ukuthi version isiRashiya ka "Wikipedia" Elbrus - intaba ephakeme kunazo zonke e-Europe. Izithombe ezimbili humped isiqongo eneqhwa futhi ihlobise sihloko okuhambisanayo.

ophahleni Russia

Sekuyisikhathi sokukhuluma mayelana Elbrus. Kuyini yena, intaba ephakeme kunazo zonke e-Europe, futhi kanye Russia? It kuvela ukuthi mlilo. Nokho, yokuqothulwa. Lokhu kuqhuma zokugcina, ngokuvumelana izazi zokuma komhlaba ezazini eziye zahlola ngokuhlanganyela udaka saphenduka, kwenzeka ngonyaka ka-50 AD. Kwakheka phezulu bicornuate, njengoba kunjalo nangazo zonke eCaucasus, futhi eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingamashumi amabili edlule. Le ntaba iqhele ngasemngceleni ophakathi republic Russian of Karachai-Cherkessia futhi Kabardino-Balkaria. Ngokungafani Mont Blanc, esibhakabhakeni ogcwele iphakama eziningi kweNtaba Elbrus e mabili kuphela. Kuyinto, eqinisweni, emaphethelweni Isigaxa intabamlilo. Therebetween mayelana ezintathu amakhilomitha. Eliphakeme Kunawo Wonke - phezulu entshonalanga. East - kancane (5621 m ngaphezu kwamanzi olwandle). Kodwa isihlalo sehhashi phakathi iziqongo ezimbili akusho uphonsa ngezansi kwezinga 5300 amamitha. Uyena onqumayo ukuphakama Elbrus Academician K. Wisniewski ngo-1813. Eyokuqala lanqotshwa, yebo, phezulu empumalanga. Lokhu kwenzeka ngo-July 1829. Kwathatha cishe nanamashumi amahlanu eminyaka, ukuthi unyawo indoda isethi phezu isiqongo esentshonalanga Elbrus. Isiqongo aphakeme kakhulu yeYurophu wanqotshwa e 1874 yiqembu bezintaba British. Yena wahola uhambo F. Grove. Kodwa phakathi amaphayona kwaba Balkar Futhi Sottayev.

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