Into encane apula izihlahla: ezihlukahlukene, ukubuyekezwa kanye izincazelo

Namuhla, kuzo zonke wensimu wesibili ufuna ukutshala endaweni yabo yemifino apula izihlahla. Ikakhulukazi izihlahla ezincane izithelo ahehe labo babe endaweni eyabelwe engadini, it lilinganiselwe. "Dwarfs" ayabaluleka kuthandwa. It kuncike zonke compactness zabo bathatha isikhala kakhulu esingaphansi isihlahla abade nge uhlelo strong impande futhi lisakazeka umqhele. Ukuthandwa okwandisa futhi kuthatha kuzinga abalulekile umkhiqizo yemifino apula izihlahla.

Ukutshalwa yaleli kwezitshalo has izici zayo siqu, ukuze uqaphele balimi amateur. Yiziphi yemifino apula izihlahla (ezihlukahlukene, ukubuyekezwa, isithunzi)? Yiziphi ezicashile zokutshala izihlahla futhi ukubanakekela?

Omunye ethandwa kakhulu engadini kwezitshalo

I-apula ingenye ethandwa kakhulu phakathi abatshali Russian izitshalo horticultural. izithombo, isikhathi sayo izimbali, okuyinto isikhathi kusukela ngo-May kuya ku-June (kuye ngokuthi ezihlukahlukene), kusetshenziswa kakhulu e engadini amapaki izingadi njengoba izitshalo ezihlobisile futhi izimbali, kodwa ngaphezulu ukuvuna.

izakhiwo awusizo apula (izithelo oluhlaza globular, obomvu noma ophuzi, ngenhloso ububanzi kufika ku-15 cm) eyaziwa isikhathi eside. Kukholakala ukuthi ngosuku qiniseka ukudla okungenani esisodwa apple umzimba agcwaliswa nge umthamo ezidingekayo yensimbi kanye nezinye izakhi kanye amavithamini.

Omama bamakhaya ukupheka kakhulu apula ujamu, ujamu, compotes kanye nesiphuzo. Babesebenzisa nezithelo apula okumnandi ukupheka iwayini, ethandwa kakhulu phakathi abalandeli.

ngezigaba

Lezi izihlahla zezithelo zihlukile ngokuya yokuvuthwa: ekuqaleni (grade ehlobo), maphakathi (ekwindla) futhi ngasekupheleni (ebusika, pozdnezimnie). amasheya abo nazo hhayi iyunifomu. Phakathi kwabo kukhona okwehlukile: imbewu isitokwe (eyingqabavu apula izihlahla etshalwa kusuka imbewu) kanye clonal kuwo (yemifino, lulwimi into encane, naphakathi).

Faka kusigaba izinhlobonhlobo apula:

1. Okude - izitshalo-8 ubude, uhlelo impande kahle, Ukungena shí enhlabathini. Kunconywa ezikhulayo ezindaweni indawo komhlaba ngezansi 3 m.
2. Polukarlikovyh zifinyelela ubude obungamamitha 5 m. Ingabe ngokuvamile utshalwa ezindaweni lapho etafuleni amanzi kuyinto ezingeni afika ku 2.5 m.
3. Into encane - isiko undersized 2.5 m abade, nge engajulile kuqhathaniswa (1 m) uhlelo impande. Ifanele ezindaweni okusezingeni eliphezulu (mayelana 1.5 m) komhlaba elise.
4. Yiba columnar uqonde isiqu ngaphandle amagatsha abalulekile.

Ngamagama yokumelana abandayo izinhlobonhlobo ezihlukene: abandayo nemithi, ukushisa-onothando. Ngo ukunambitheka: amnandi, okumuncu, amnandi kanye nabanye.

Into encane apula izihlahla: izinhlobo, ukubuyekezwa

I esicacile Ukukhetha amamaki isayithi ngayinye liyadingeka ukuze izihlahla zezithelo ngonyaka kubanikazi olumnandi isivuno high. Abalimi ngokuvamile omuhle mayelana birches yemifino. Phela, awayona ezingezwakali kakhulu ukunakekelwa.

Famous IV Michurin wayekholelwa ukuthi ekuphumeleleni kwebhizinisi, okungukuthi, ukuze kuzuzwe ukusebenza oyifunayo yemikhiqizo engadini, wanquma kwaba a Ukukhetha kahle izinhlobo. Ingabe ayikho into okuthiwa ihlukile futhi yemifino apula izihlahla. Izinhlobonhlobo, ukubuyekezwa, izici nokunakekela kwabo ayatholakala esidlangalaleni. Kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-10 eziyinkulungwane. Izinhlobonhlobo izihlahla. Amalungu e izimpendulo zabo ukuhlukanisa okungcono yemifino apula esihlahleni izinhlobo.

Ukubuyekeza, izithombe Ungafunda ubone esihlokweni. Abalimi uthole ukuthi ngokukhetha izinhlobo efanelekayo esifundeni yokuhlala zezihlahla yemifino, kokulandela imithetho lokutshala nokunakekela, anganikeza ophawulekayo ocebile.

Summer

Kuhle Summer yemifino apula izihlahla (ezihlukahlukene, ukubuyekezwa, izincazelo):

• "UMelba" - ezihlukahlukene okusezingeni eliphezulu abanye. Fruiting iqala ngomnyaka wesithathu. apula yokuvuthwa basonta isikhathi: ekupheleni July - August. Bona bangabezwe; Usayizi medium, abe namanzi uginindela caramel ukunambitheka.
• "Candy" - ekuqaleni izinhlobo ukukhula ezifuywa umfuyi IV Michurin. Izithelo Fusion elimnandi, okumnandi. Ngo efudumele futhi lina nokuvuthwa ehlobo iqala ngo-August. Isisindo izithelo ngabanye ifinyelela 120, basuke babanjwa, abe uqweqwe aluhlaza, uginindela obukhulu kanye namanzi.
• "Emangalisayo" - ngasekupheleni ezihlukahlukene ehlobo nge hardiness okusezingeni eliphezulu ebusika. Fruiting iqala unyaka wakhe wesine lokutshala. Inikeza isivuno high (kufika ku 75 kg). Isisindo izithelo - 140 g of apula ukuma - flat-round, kancane ribbed. Umbala - ophuzi nge omnyama othi awube ocebile obomvu kanye dessert elikhanyayo ukunambitheka.

autumn

Umsebenzisi ukhetha okungcono ekwindla yemifino apula izihlahla (izinhlobo Izibuyekezo):

• "Zhiguli". Fruiting izihlahla iqala ngomnyaka wesithathu. Izinhlobonhlobo has ezingeni lelisetulu nokuqinisela, awusebenzi umboleke uqobo nezilokazane nezifo. Yokuvuthwa apula - ngasekupheleni September. Lokhu izithelo ezinkulu ne-red-orange ikhasi. Izibuyekezo balimi, inqobo yonyaka isihlahla yokudla isikhathi eside uyawalondoloza fruiting ezinhle futhi izithelo usayizi esikhulu.
• "Autumn ezimthende." Imithi le ezihlukahlukene Kunconywa indawo yokuhlala ebusika, njengoba okokuqandisa kungalimaza ephezulu amanga ohlelweni impande. Izithelo abe ukuma oyindilinga, isisindo sabo imayelana 200, umbala bright ephuzi, ukunambitheka elikhanyayo, amnandi futhi omuncu. izimo Uhlobo undemanding ezahlukene isitoreji (at okushisa afinyelela ku-6 degrees).
• "Touchdown". ezihlukahlukene Resistant has a lokushisa ongaphakeme futhi uqweqwe. Qala of fruiting, kuncike esifundeni, kungokwalabo Ngomnyaka wesithathu emva kokutshala. Nothile Kuveza afika ku-130 kg. Izithelo zinkulu, ploskookrugloy akha obukhulu isikhumba bushelelezi umbala ogqamile obomvu umbala, ukunambitheka eliqhakazile amnandi futhi omuncu.
• "Sokolovsky." Fruiting izinhlobo iqala ngomnyaka wesine. Ukuhoxa - 85 kg. Apples zinkulu, enesisindo mayelana 190 g, nge umbala umbala ogqamile aphuzi futhi abomvu egqamile. Ukunambitheka amnandi futhi omuncu, lapho ukugcwaliswa.

Winter

Njengoba abalimi engcono ngokuthi yemifino ebusika apula izihlahla (izinhlobo Izibuyekezo):

• "Bratchud". Tree ukuphakama isilinganiso (m 2), izithelo kuqala lapho 3-4 ubudala. isivuno sawo - mayelana 120 kg. Ibanga has hardiness okusezingeni eliphezulu futhi fruiting njalo. Izithelo unayo i shape side oyindilinga kanye lubonakale isici ribbing ohlangothini umphetho, ukufinyelela value eside. I ikhasi bushelelezi futhi shiny, ngombala ogqamile ephuzi. Inyama ezimhlophe, slabosochnaya, indawo-grained, ephethe ukunambitheka eliqhakazile amnandi futhi omuncu.
• "Grushovka Podmoskovnaya". Omunye izinhlobo okukhulunywa balimi. Abaningi futhi bathi iyona engcono yemifino apula izihlahla ngoba amadlelo. Izinhlobonhlobo, Izibuyekezo zazo ezahlukene, sinamandla nobuthakathaka babo. "Grushovka suburban" - ezihlukahlukene ethandwa okungukuthi amelana uqweqwe. Izithelo nge iminyaka 5-6, isivuno high uzinzile. Apples ezincane, ukuma nokubuya side. Cishe musa ukubola. Skin umbala ophuzi, nenxenye abomvu.
• "Hercules" has a umqhele ebanzi branched, ezidinga ukuze andise isivuno izihlahla yonyaka amagatsha ubudala. Izinkuni has hardiness eside, cishe engabathinti nezilokazane nezifo. Izithelo side, ngemibala red yellow. ukunambitheka omuncu, okusikhumbuza Antonovka.
• "Umgexo eMoscow" - ezihlukahlukene entsha uthela izithelo iminyaka emithathu emva kokutshala. Izithelo kuhluke usayizi esikhulu. Ibala - abomvu, namanzi, ugodo inyama pink ephethe ukunambitheka amnandi futhi omuncu.
• "Mahhala" uthela izithelo ngonyaka wesine emva kokutshala. Nothile Kuveza afika ku 110 kg isihlahla ngasinye. Obalulekile usayizi izithelo, ukuma uyisicaba, isikhumba shiny uba nombala ogqamile ephuzi. Taste - dessert.
• "Snowdrop" - ebusika-eziqinile, amelana uqweqwe lesion banga. Ezithela - mayelana 90 kg. Izithelo ukuma - laphetha, tapered, isisindo mayelana 170 g ikhasi umbala - ukukhanya yellow, othi awube bomvu. Ukunambitheka - sweet and omuncu.

Indlela ukuhlukanisa phakathi izithombo yemifino apula izihlahla nezinye izinhlobo?

Abantu abaningi ukubuza indlela yokutshala futhi yiziphi yemifino apula esihlahleni izinhlobo ukubuyekezwa. Yisithombo Nesidingo sokukhetha lapho uthenga ngokucophelela.

Into encane apula izithombo landa lisuka ezejwayelekile besebenzisa oyifunayo isiphunzi izinhlobo. Le nqubo lide kakhulu, ngakho abalimi bakhetha ukuthenga izitshalo ngomumo eyenziwe.

Lapho uthenga ukuphila kwakhe engozini ukuze ukudida "dwarfs" nge izithombo yezinye izinhlobo.

Ukuze ugweme lokhu, kubalulekile ukuba acabangele izici zabo ezihlukile:

• endaweni inoculation, okuyinto kwalapho kuhlangana khona intamo nge izithombo bole kufanele kube sonqenqemeni oluphansi kuhlukaniswe ngokucacile;
• ezivamile apula izihlahla babe kampompi uhlelo impande, e yemifino ngayo izimpande ezincane fibrous;
• umehluko oyinhloko luyimpande izithombo ezinhle yemifino apula izihlahla ukuthi zivame ukungabi fresh futhi nokunwebeka;
• emhlabathini yemithi eliphezulu akufanele ayasha amagxolo noma amagatsha ukulimala;
• isiqu columnar apula, ngokungafani yemifino, abushelelezi, cishe akukho amagatsha;
• oneminyaka emibili yisithombo of yemifino apula izihlahla enisemikhawulweni amagatsha has big efihlekile, isiqu ukuphakama lingaphansi kuka-50 cm, inani amagatsha wathatha ijamo kancane.

Abalimi izohamba okubuyayo elisho into encane apula izihlahla. Kodwa sidinga sisinakisisa zokuthutha. Ngokushesha ngemva yisithombo ukuthengwa yemifino apula izihlahla kufanele zihambisana ngendwangu emanzi. Ukuze ukuphepha amagatsha nalapho bethutha kubo ukudonsa eduze sesihlahla futhi kuvikelwe Twine. Ngesikhathi amaphoyisa efika endaweni kanye watshala futhi qiniseka uthele.

mayelana lokubikezela

Indlela Tshala phansi yemifino apula izihlahla? Ibanga izilinganiso, okuyinto bahlola izinzuzo isihloko, zidinga inhlabathi evundile.

Isikhathi esingcono kakhulu sokuba betshala ngokuvumelana abatshali, - entwasahlobo, ngokushesha ngemva snowmelt. Inhlabathi kumele kwenziwe lemali edingekile of umquba. Indawo kufanele iyokhushulwa futhi evikelekile emoyeni. Khulisa hhayi kuphela ilanga, kodwa ezindaweni futhi kancane ukubopha yemifino apula izihlahla (ezihlukahlukene). Ukubuyekeza, kokufika ngaleso le oered lokuqala, qinisekisa ukuthi kudingekile ukukhetha ukuthi ulondoloza endaweni efanele ukuze izihlahla.

Ngaphambi kokuba uqale betshala izithombo kufanele wasika kancane ukuze kwenziwe ephansi isiqu umqhele. Ngemva konyaka, tilinganiso bafa. Uma usuqedile kahle, lezi zinhlelo apula eside uhlala abasha, futhi izithelo babebaningi kakhulu.

Into encane apula izithombo abatshalwé ezindaweni lapho etafuleni amanzi kuyinto at ibanga hhayi ngaphansi kuka 1.5 m ebusweni. Ibanga phakathi kwezihlahla kufanele kube 2x3 noma 3x3 m Amapharamitha kokufika emgodini .:

• ukujula: 50 cm;
• Ububanzi: 60-70 cm.

Inhlabathi, isuswe lapho ukumba umgodi kufanele zihlehlise ngokuhlukile lonke emhlabeni igodi.

Ngo okutshalwe imbobo kufanele amba ukwengeza ibhakede umquba, mix it ne ungqimba phezulu inhlabathi, uthele ibhakede lamanzi ugovuze futhi.

Yisithombo uhlelo impande ibekwe ku okuholela mass elina embozwe inhlabathi. Indawo yokugoma kumele kube 2-3 cm ngenhla ezingeni kwenhlabathi. Umhlaba ukuba evalwe ububanzi we indulungu-isiqu ngokwenza roller ukuphakama futhi 10 cm ukunisela.

Mayelana izici ukunakekelwa izithombo

Umbuzo obalulekile uwukuthi, onjani ukunakekelwa adinga yemifino apula izihlahla (ezihlukahlukene). Ukubuyekeza, ukunakekela izihlahla kudingeka sitadishe ngosizo kusengaphambili, ngisho nangaphambi ukuthengwa.

Izithombo of yemifino apula izihlahla kukhona undemanding kakhulu ukunakekelwa.

Ngesikhathi sasehlobo, badinga izihlahla ukuthambisa (1-2 amabhakede amanzi kanye ngesonto). Ngaphezu kwalokho, isidingo efaka umquba:

• Ukumnika mullein (1:10). Ngo amanzi (10 namakani) usuhlakazekile mullein (1 ibhakede), isibilile (ukusunduza) ngokuhamba kwezinsuku 10-12 of. I ukumnika kwaphumela (1 L) Ngaleso sikhathi wayehlala ziyoncibilika 10 L amanzi.
• Inkukhu droppings (1:20). Isixazululo inkukhu umquba (1 ebhakedeni) buhlanjululwe ku pails yamanzi 20, isibilile (ukusunduza) ngokuhamba kwezinsuku 10-12 of. Khona-ke 0.5 amalitha ingxube okuholela buhlanjululwe ngo 10 amalitha amanzi.

Izithombo kufanele uyophuziswa e lemali zikamanyolo 1-2 amabhakede ngaphansi kwesihlahla esisodwa. Ngemva kokuphuza noma imvula inhlabathi labetibambile kumele uyokhululwa. Efaka umquba semikhawulweni ngo-August, ezindaweni ezisenyakatho more - ekupheleni July.

Ukunakekela amadala apula izihlahla: entwasahlobo

Entwasahlobo, ngokushesha nje lapho ilanga liqala ukuxoxa, ne apula izihlahla, njalo ukususa warmers ukuthi zazibhekwa uvikelekile ebusika, bese uqhubekela phambili izihlahla sanitary. Yegatsha, ezilimele yisithwathwa, kubalulekile ukuba anqunywe. Futhi, ahlole umqhele ukususa ngokucophelela izinambuzane ekhona. Ngemva kwalokho, ngaphansi apula izihlahla avundiswa, scavenge kwezihlahla eziseduze awushise. Inhlabathi kumele amba kumuntu ka 5-7 cm ukujula, in the iziqu esihlahleni ukwenza eziyinkimbinkimbi (aqukethe izakhi mkhondo, yokumatisa phansi) kanye nitrogen (ukwenza kusebenze izinqubo vegetative) umquba. Ngo sezulu ngomcako iziqu ecacile.

Entwasahlobo nayo eyenziwa kathathu sishaye izihlahla izixazululo ekhethekile:

• ngaphambi ukuvuvukala efihlekile;
• ngesikhathi ukuvuvukala;
• emva ihlumela kuqhuma.

Inqubo aqede nezilokazane nezifo fungal. Ngaphambi ekuqaleni Awakening of izinambuzane kufanele ukwakha amanzi izithiyo: izicupho, iziqu Wind ukudoba esishintshashintshayo.

Imicimbi abadala ku isihlahla ukunakekelwa ehlobo

Nge ukuqala ehlobo ngoba inhlabathi kufanele ziqashwe eduze apula izihlahla futhi isimo izihlahla ngokwabo. Ngalesi sikhathi, le ndawo ukuthambisa esifike ngesikhathi futhi control inkathazo (iphathwa ngesikhathi ukuthola izihlahla onesifo batshale eduze isixazululo ekhethekile).

Ngalesi sikhathi wazithwala isicelo foliar. Esikhathini Inkathi yonyaka eshisayo izitshalo fed nitrogen yemifino. Phezu ukuthola nokuntuleka iyiphi izitshalo trace element kuthiwa wafutha ngethuluzi ekhethekile anganikeza zonke apula kunesidingo. Lapho nokushoda yensimbi (kwenzeka njalo), izitshalo okwenziwa Vitriol.

Autumn ukunakekelwa abadala apula

Autumn isikhathi - isikhathi yokuvuna. Emhlabeni apula kumele zisuswe zonke doti: bawa amaqabunga, amahlumela kanye apula - ukuze kuvinjelwe ukubukeka isikhunta futhi bola. Kuyadingeka ukuba kwenziwe umquba, ukwenza amagatsha izihlahla ukuthi alinyazwa izinto ezivela izinambuzane noma unezinye umonakalo.

Kudingeka futhi ukukhulula inhlabathi eduze kwezihlahla ze-apula: ukuphazamisa ukuthungwa kwamafutha okushisa obusika obunobusika bezinambuzane. Kudingekile ukuvikela iziqu ezivela kumagundane, ukufudumala ngezinto zokuphahla, ukubeka izinhlanzi zamagundane.

I-apple enamanzi: izinhlobo, izibuyekezo, izinzuzo

• Ubukhulu obukhulu bezihlahla kukuvumela ukuba utshale inamba enkulu kubo kusayithi.
• Esikhathini esingaphambi kwensimu evamile, ukuhluma kwezihlahla ezinamahlathi kuqala: ngokuvamile ngonyaka wesithathu emva kokutshala. Isibonelo, abasebenzisi "abahlukahlukene" babonakala ekuqaleni, beqala ukuhluma iminyaka engu-3 emva kokungena kwe-inoculation. Ubude besikhathi semifino yalolu hlobo luyizinsuku ezingaba ngu-150, isivuno sifinyelela ku-130 kg esihlahleni esisodwa.
• Umkhiqizo wezihlahla ezinamahlathi ukhula ngokushesha njalo ngonyaka futhi awufani nemikhombe yezihlahla zama-apula ezide. Ngakho-ke, abalimi basePolissya ngisho nesifundazwe esingezona-Black Earth basabela kahle ezinhlobonhlobo ze-"melb", "enyakatho synapse", "i-Antonovka" ekhuliswe yindlela yokufakiswa kokufaka okufakiwe. Lezi zinhlobonhlobo azidingi ukunakekelwa okukhethekile, zihlukaniswa yizivuno eziphakeme, futhi zivame kakhulu kunezinye zezihlahla ze-apula ezikhulayo ezikude.
• Ukukhiqizwa kwezihlahla ezijwayelekile zemithi: 1 isikhathi eminyakeni emibili, ezitshalweni ezincane - kanye ngonyaka.
• Ngenxa yokukhula okuphansi kwezihlahla ezivela kubo, kulula ukuvuna, ukulandela ukuvuthwa kwezihlahla. Asikho isidingo sokusebenzisa amadivaysi akhethekile wokusika amagatsha. Abalimi bezithelo balinganisa ukuhlanganiswa kwemikhakha yezinhlobonhlobo eziningi ezincane kanye nokukhula kwabo okuphansi: "i-synap esenyakatho", "melba", "i-Antonovka" nabanye abanye abaneminyaka engu-10 banokuphakama okungaphezu kuka-2.5 m.
• Ukukhula okuncane kwemithi yama-apula kanye nokuhlanganiswa okungenakubalulekile komqhele kudinga ukudla okuncane, okubangela ukwanda kokudla kwesithelo.
• Ukufakwa kwesimiso esiseduze nendawo yomhlabathi kuvumela ukuthi umuthi uphendule ngokushesha ekukhuliseni nasekuphuzeni. Ngakho-ke, izihlahla ze-apula ze-"melbas", "i-synap esenyakatho", "i-Antonovka", ngokusho kokubuyekezwa, ayikwazi ukutshala emigodini. Abalimi bezitshalo batusa ukuthululela amagquma amancane, angaba ngu-30 cm ubude futhi afike ku-100 cm ububanzi, ukuze bajulise futhi batshale izihlahla lapho, okungaphezu kwesigamu esingaphansi kwesigamu esincane. Le ndlela yokutshala izoqinisekisa ngonyaka wokuqala ukukhula endaweni ye-inoculation yesimiso somuntu siqu. Ababhali balezi zibuyekezo bayakusho ukungabi khona kwesidingo sokunisela njalo izihlahla ze-apple ezincane. Imithi yezinhlobonhlobo "amapheya asezindaweni zaseMoscow", "ubuzalwane", "i-snowdrop", ngokusho kwezibuyekezo, idinga ukuchelela njalo kuphela ehlobo lokuqala emva kokutshala. Izihlahla ezindala zenza kahle ngaphandle kokunisela.
• Ubukhulu obuncane bemithi bubavumela ukuba basebenzise umanyolo omncane, futhi banciphise izindleko zokupuniza.
• Ukukhula okuncane kwezihlahla zama-apula kunomthelela ekwandeni ngesikhathi sokulungiselela ukulala kwasebusika, ngakho-ke abesabi ukwindla kwamaqhwa. Abasebenzisi baqaphe ukumelana kwamaqhwa, kanye nokuphikiswa kwezifo ezifana nezinhlobo zasebusika njenge "snowdrop", №57-145, №57-233. Ibanga lokugcina liyi-dwarfish elincane, ukuphikiswa kwalo kwamaqhwa kunaphezu kwazo zonke izinhlobo eziyaziwayo: izimpande zezihlahla ezibekezelayo zihlala ngaphansi kwe-degrees Celsius. Abaningi abalobi bezincwajana zokubukeza ukuthi izinhlobo ezincane zemijondolo zisebenza kangcono, uma ziqhathaniswa nabancane. Uhlelo lwempande olujulile lubavumela ukuba banike isivuno esikhulu ngokulingana komuthi okungadingekile.

Ukungalungi

• Isikhathi sokuphila sama-apula amancane asisigamu uma nje kubafowabo abade. Kodwa kukhona okunye kulokhu - okungenzeka ukuthatha izinhlobo zezitshalo njalo eminyakeni engama-20 enezinsuku zanamuhla.
• Ukuthola izimpande eduze kwendawo kubhekene nosongo lokuqandisa. Ukufudumala okujulile kohlelo lwempande kuyadingeka.
• Ukutholakala komhlaba kwezimpande kudinga ukuba khona kwenhlabathi evundile.
• Umkhiqizo ophakeme wezihlahla ze-apula ngezinye izikhathi uholela emgangeni wezithelo zawo. Ukuchithwa kwezihlahla kuholela ekutheni kube nokuhluma okungajwayelekile. Ukuqeda, kuyadingeka ukunquma i-inflorescences engaphezulu.
• Umthwalo wezithelo ngezinye izikhathi uholela ekuqhekekeni kwezihlahla ezincane. Ukuvimbela lokhu, ukusekela okukhethekile kwamagatsha kanye ne-trunk kumele kufakwe.

Izinhlobo zebhande eliphakathi

Kuyaziwa ukuthi emithini yezithelo ukuvuthwa kwezithelo ngokuqondile kuxhomeke ezimweni zezulu.

Abalimi bebala kahle khumbula amazwi okhokho wokukhethwa kwemfuyo IV Michurin ngesidingo sokwenza indawo yokwehlukaniswa kwezinhlobonhlobo, ngokucabangela ikhono lama-apula ukuze alwe nezifo zalesi sibopho sezulu kanye nesimo sabo seqhwa.

Ngenhla sibheke kakade izihlahla ze-apple ezinamahle kakhulu esifundeni saseMoscow (izinhlobo). Amazwana abalimi abhekisela futhi ngama-hybrids, futhi futhi mayelana nemithi ekhishwe ngokufanele ngamagama ahlukene okukhula.

Isifunda saseMoscow siyindawo yebhande eliphakathi, elungele ukukhula ekuseni, ukuvuthwa phakathi kwezinhlobo nezinhlobo zokuphuza.

Lezi zijwayele kakade:

• Izinhlobo zasehlobo "Melba", "candy";
• I-autumn "i-Zhiguli", "i-autumn striped";
• Ubusika "amapheya wesifunda saseMoscow", "i-hero", "isibambano", "i-Moscow necklace", "lobo" (uhlobo oluthile olusanda kutholakala nezithelo ezivuthiwe, kanye nokukhwanyiswa kwezihlahla, ubusika obunzima bezihlahla).

Ukuhlakulela "abancane" eTatarstan

Abalimi be-Amateur, ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni yokuhlolwa okuqhubekayo, bathi isimo seTatarstan siyindawo efanelekayo yezulu lapho kungenzeka khona ukukhula izihlahla ze-apple ezincane (izinhlobo). Ukubuyekezwa, i-Tatarstan lapho kukhulunywa kuyo kaningi ngokwanele, qiniseka ukuthi kule ndawo ukuthi ungathola isivuno esihle.

Isibonelo, ezimweni ezimbi kunazo zonke zaseTatarstan (i-Bugulminsko-Belebeevskaya Upland, lapho amaqhwa efika khona ngaphansi kwama-degrees angu-40 ebusika, kutholakala ama-frosts asekuseni kanye ne-autumn frosts zakuqala), abalimi bayakhula ngempumelelo ngengozi ye-62-396, kanye ne-"Pear yaseMoscow" ngokufaka isikhala esinqunyiwe se-cut IPharadesi.

Njengoba kuhle lokhu, abalimi bambiza izimo ezimbili:

• Isembozo esihle seqhwa (sigcina izinga lokushisa lomhlabathi lingakunciphisi amazinga angu-5-10 ngokushisa komoya jikelele okungaphansi kwezingu-35 degrees Celsius);
• Isembozo somhlabathi esinamandla (i-clayey ne-loamy esindayo), okufaka isandla ekusikeleni okuhle kwe-root system, okugcina umuthi ungabhubhisi phambi kokuvuna okuvuthiwe.

Izinto ezifanayo zinezici ezimbi okufanele zibhekiswe kuzo: entwasahlobo umuthi kufanele uguqulwe ngaphansi kweqhwa ukuze inqwaba yeqhwa ingaphuli amagatsha.

Ukuze uvikele emelene namagundane ngenxa yezikhukhula eziphakeme, isiqu kufanele sikhuliswe ku-1.2-1.4 m ukuphakama futhi ekwindla kufanele kugoqwe nge-tar noma i-ruberoid.

Ukuhlakulela kwezihlahla ze-apple ezinamahlathi ezindaweni ze-Middle Volga nase-Southern Urals (iBashkiria)

Izihlahla eziphansi ezitokisini ezincane zanda kakhulu phakathi kwabalimi hhayi kuphela emgqeni osemzansi, kodwa nasezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esinzima, ezihlanganisa izindawo ze-Middle Volga kanye ne-Southern Urals (iBashkiria).

Ungaphi lapho ungakhula khona izihlahla ze-apula (izinhlobo) ezincane? Ukubuyekezwa, i-Bashkiria ibuye ikhulunywe kubo, bathi kule ndawo abaningi batshale lolu hlobo lwezihlahla ze-apula.

Okukhangayo kunazo zonke abalimi kukhona izihlahla ze-apula ezinamamitha amathathu kuya ku-3-3.5, ezibonakala ngokusheshisa nokuvunwa okuphezulu:

• "Spartak", "kutuzovets", "Kuibyshev", "indodakazi ye-papyrovka", "iZhiguli" (esifundeni esiphakathi se-Volga);
• "Bashkir handsome", "i-Moscow pear", "mundane", "inselo yesiliva", "ubuzalwane" (iBashkiria).

Izinhlobo ziyahambisana kahle nezimpande ze-clonal. Ukuvuna kokuqala kwi rootstocks yama-dwarfish iqoqwe iminyaka engu-3-4 emva kokutshala, isivuno sempahla iminyaka engu-4-5.

Izihlahla ezinamasheya ezincane azivumelanisiwe: iminyaka engu-2-3 ziyayeka ukukhula ngenxa yokulayisha izithelo. Lapho uneminyaka engama-7-8 uthela izithelo ngezikhathi ezithile.

Ezimweni ezinzima zesifunda (izinga lokushisa kwezinga eliphansi ebusika lingaphansi kwezingu-13-15 degrees, ehlobo - kanye no-60-64 degrees Celsius, ukuzala kwenhlabathi kuphansi) kusuka ohlangothini olungcono kakhulu luboniswe:

• I-rootstocks yama-semi-dwarfish: E-56, 64-143, "Ural-11", E-63,54-118, "Ural-5";
• Ama-rootstocks amancane: K-2, SPS-7, ingalo-18, i-R-60, i-Ural-1.

"Abaningi" ezindaweni eziseningizimu

Izifunda eziseningizimu, ikakhulukazi iRostov - isifunda esihle kakhulu sokukhula kwezihlahla ze-apula. Futhi lapha abalimi bahlwanyela izihlahla ze-apple ezincane (izinhlobo). Ukubuyekezwa, esifundeni saseRostov, esithathwa njengendawo yokutshala kahle ama-apula, kusho ukuthi okokuqala kufanele kuqashwe umhlabathi nesimo sezulu.

Ngokuqinisekile kunconywa ukuba ukhule esifundeni lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo zezihlahla zezithelo kwi rootstocks encane futhi semi-dwarfish:

• I-M1, i-M3 (ukuphakama okuphakathi);
• I-M9, i-MM106, isibonisi sikaBudagovsky (ngesabelo sengozi);
• 54-118, 3-3-35, 62-396, 3-5-44. 3-3-72, 3-1-76 (high hardiness ubusika);
• AmaParadys aseSerdyukov (ubusika obukhulu obusika obukhulu).

Isihlahla se-apula - isiko sithandwa ngenxa yezinzuzo ezingenakuphika phakathi kwabalimi bezifunda ezahlukene zezwe.

Ukukhethwa kwezihlahla ezincane ezikhulayo ezifanele esifundeni, ukunamathela emithethweni yokutshala nokuzinakekela kuzoqinisekisa ukuthi isivuno esiphezulu sensimu encane isikhathi eside.