Ionizing emisebeni - kuyinto umthelela ionizing emisebeni ...

Phakathi kwazo zonke izinto ezithinta iziqhumane zasemkhathini (shock wave, emisebeni ukukhanya, ishayela kagesi, kwazo imisebe, ionizing emisebeni), ayingozi kakhulu kubhekwa ionizing emisebeni. Lokhu gamma emisebeni okukhulu, kulandelwa ecucuza neutron zazo asebenza ezintweni ezivela yenuzi ukuqhuma zone isikhathi esifushane - amayunithi kanye amasekhondi. Kuyinto isizathu esiyinhloko ukuthuthukiswa ukugula ngemisebe.

ionizing emisebeni

Ionizing emisebeni, noma ionizing emisebeni - umfudlana izinhlayiyana eziningi zokukhanya, izinhlayiya aphansi, ukuqoqwa izingcezwana ama-athomu olukwaziyo ionizing ketshezi, isb ukuguqulela athomu hlangothi noma molecule ku ion - izinhlayiya kahle icala. Ngenxa muntu "ashintshe" ephukile physico-zamakhemikhali izinqubo yezinto eziphilayo e ophilayo ezicutshini futhi izinto, crystal ngehele uyabhujiswa, kukhona ushintsho ukwakheka kwama-molecule. Umonakalo engaba eyenza umuntu acabange eseZwini emisebeni eyingozi kuba sezingeni eliphansi kakhulu ukwedlula ekushayweni ukukhanya noma shock wave. I esiyingozi kakhulu izindawo ngaphakathi 2-3 km kusuka lapho ukuzamazama kwaqala khona lokho. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izinhlayiya aphansi ageleza uye wakwenza amuncwa emkhathini.

Nature emisebeni ionizing

Ukuze uqonde ukuthi emisebeni afinyelela ekujuleni kuqhuma ibhomu lenyukliya, kubalulekile ukuba sicabangele isimo sawo, futhi ngenxa yalesi isicelo isakhiwo ye-athomu.

Atom - the kuyizinhlayiyana kulencane yesici chemical esakhiwa nucleus futhi electron ezungeza. Ikhenela yena, siqukethe izingxenye ezimbili - i-proton ne-neutrons. Okokuqala baphathe icala omuhle, kwesibili - hlangothi. Ngenxa isilinganiso mass proton ne-electron (omubi icala) ngokuvamile athomu kuyinto kagesi hlangothi. Ngenxa yalokho we bombardment nge neutrons kwenzeka izidakamizwa athomu nucleus eqhekeza zibe izingxenye ezimbili ukukhululwa esiningi namandla futhi "igawula" izinhlayiya aphansi. "Izwibela" neutrons, proton zibelesela nezinye nuclei, bese zibahlukanise ngesigamu - uqala i-imeyli engahlonziwe engalawuliwe.

Ngakho, ionizing emisebeni - Kayisilutho ngaphandle isethi "elihlubukayo" izinhlayiya aphansi (ezingavikelekile ihlangabezane nabanye nuclei), futhi omkhulu kakhulu amandla - kagesi noma gamma ngemisebe.

Izimbangela ekushintsheni Ingqikithi isakhiwo

Ukushintsha isakhiwo daba - isizathu esiyinhloko iba nomthelela ongemuhle ionizing emisebeni ku eziphilayo kanye izinto ezihlukahlukene ezingewona begazi. Lokhu kwenzeka ngenxa bombardment izidakamizwa "elihlubukayo" neutrons ama-athomu. Ngenxa yalokho kuzichaya, njengoba sesibonile, kukhona ukwahlukana core zibe izingxenye ezimbili.

Kodwa lokhu kwenzeka kakhulu kuyaqabukela, ngoba lokhu amandla enkulu kufanele ibe emisebeni eyenza umuntu acabange eseZwini. Lokhu futhi lokhu kukodwa uyakwazi uhlukanise nucleus usesimweni esigculisayo. Isizathu esiyinhloko ekushintsheni isakhiwo we ketshezi kuyinto ejection of neutrons athomu. Ngenxa yalokho, i-mass core kuyehla, aphazamise ukulinganisela kagesi, futhi ulibuyise, electron uphoqelekile ukuba 'ashiye' orbit.

Equilibrium kubuyiselwa, kodwa i-athomu Uthola icala omuhle, ngoba isibalo proton akuyona kwehle ke - is ionized izidakamizwa. Kusobala ukuthi ama-ion abakwazi ukwenza imisebenzi efanayo athomu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amangqamuzana babe engazinzile, bona ubole ku monomers. Yingakho umphumela ionizing emisebeni ebulalayo kakhulu kubantu.

ukugula ngemisebe

Ukweqiwa elikhulu ionizing emisebeni ezimweni eziningi, ukugula ngemisebe kuphakamisa - ekubhujisweni, umonakalo by izicubu ngemisebe. Kungaba ukuthuthukisa ngenxa yesikhathi esifushane ukuchayeka ebulilini noma nokunwetshiwe kancane okukhulu. Ngakho, umonakalo kungaba abukhali futhi ube nemfihlo. Kunoma yikuphi, lesi sifo kungaba yingozi umzimba womuntu. Ngokuhamba acute nokugula emisebeni sithinta bonke izinhlelo zomzimba noma isitho esithile. Ngokuvamile, umthelela ionizing emisebeni "bagxila" phezu ingemuva. Kulokhu, lesi sifo kuhambisana ezinzima ukuhlanza, isicanucanu, uhudo olubi nokuphela kwamanzi emzimbeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umzimba anobuthi iseli doti molecule. Kufika ukudakwa jikelele.

Isikhathi kwesikhathi esicashile yokugula kwemisebe izinsuku ezimbalwa inyanga. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, isisulu cishe akukho umuzwa wokuba ezizwa engaphilile, kodwa ke kuziwa ukuphakama isifo. Ukudakwa kwenzeka, ukuthuthukisa izifo ezithathelwanayo, ngokucijile encishisiwe ukukhiqizwa kwamangqamuzana egazi kanye umnkantsha, kukhona ukopha okukhulu nokufa.

ukuvikelwa izimiso imisebe ebulalayo

Isivikelo esikhulu ngokumelene egcwele imisebe ebulalayo isikhathi. Ngo ngemuva yenuzi ukuqhuma namandla emisebe ye ngezinsuku zokuqala iphakeme kakhulu kunanoma kwezinsuku ezimbalwa. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi zonke izinto zokwakha ehlukile isigamu-izimpilo - ngokuyinhloko ihlukaniswe esifushane isotopes (eziyingozi kakhulu), bese kuphela izinhlayiya asele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyo yonke ezimpondweni eziyisikhombisa ezingeni emisebeni kuyehla ngokuphindwe kayishumi. Ibanga - yesibili Ukuvikelwa isici. ibanga Double kusuka lapho ukuzamazama kwaqala khona kunciphisa izinga lemisebe ye-izikhathi ezingu-4. Kodwa indlela eyinhloko futhi ezingabizi kakhulu ukuvikela ukuhlolwa - Sebenzisa ngezinto ezahlukene njengoba yisithiyo ukugeleza izinhlayiya aphansi. The best izindawo zokuzivikela kukhona umthofu, insimbi, ukhonkolo, isitini, phansi. Yingakho isiphephelo ahlele komhlaba ezindlini izakhiwo Monolithic.

Ukuvikelwa Kushisa bhé kule ndawo ukudla

Ukuvikeleka eyenza umuntu acabange eseZwini emisebeni eyingozi kuba sezingeni hhayi kuphela kudalwa izithiyo ukuze ukugeleza neutron nama-gamma rays, kodwa futhi asiphelezela ukudla radionuclides. Into yokuqala ukuthi kumele kwenziwe ukuze kuvikeleke ukudla namanzi - ukuze uwafake igobolondo obukhulu. Lokhu kungaba ngoplastiki, isitsha plastic, isitsha kwensimbi. Lokhu kwenziwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi imikhiqizo noqhekeko azikwazanga kuxazululwe on ukudla bese uthole ngaphakathi emzimbeni.