Isakhiwo ekhaleni

Ikhala - lena esifundeni sokuqala ipheshana zokuphefumula (umgudu) umuntu, lapho inikezwa inamba imisebenzi ebalulekile, ezifana kwembulunga esinqunyiwe kanye nomoya amafutha, elihlanza kusuka nezilwanyana ezincane pathogenic nothuli izinhlayiya, futhi eminye enifeza umphimbo walo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, sinuses kukhona resonators ezinhle umsindo futhi bahlanganyele kumiswa inkulumo yomuntu. Anatomy of the ekhaleni liyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi ezithakazelisayo. Cabanga isakhiwo ekhaleni ngaphezulu.

Ikhala Sakhiwo: neminyango

It isinqumo ukwaba izingxenye ezimbili kwekhala: i acinene ingaphakathi (kwangaphakathi ingxenye) kanye nekhala zangaphandle.

I ukuma kwekhala zangaphandle sifana iphiramidi sakhiwa uqwanga bone izicucu. Kwangaphandle ekhaleni amathambo exhunywe ithambo frontal, obumba ngemuva ekhaleni. Amaphiko akhiwa uqwanga lateral, okuyinto, efana uqwanga we septum acinene kukhona ezibaluleke kakhulu kwetinhlavu ukuma ekhaleni. Uqwanga ngamathambo acinene akha isakhiwo ethile yokwakheka, esibizwa ngokuthi i-ekhaleni kummango. Njengoba yokwakheka yangaphandle ekhaleni kumiswa likhona kuphela abantu, lapho ivela khona lihlotshaniswa ushintsho inqubo ukunyakaza (ukuzungeza mpo e emikhawulweni emibili) futhi zokukhuluma.

I ingaphakathi acinene kuhlelwe nzima kakhulu kunokuba ekhaleni yangaphandle athambekele ngaphakathi Yekhanda, ozungezwe nge izakhiwo yokwakheka obalulekile - ngomlomo ingaphakathi anterior cranial fossa futhi iso enethiwekhi. I ingaphakathi acinene ixhumana choanal ngokusebenzisa pharynx, futhi ngokusebenzisa beso pyriform kwakhiwa okuyinto acinene futhi ebusweni amathambo, nge acinene egumeni.

amathambo ebusweni we amathambo skull bese bakha webs umnsalo izindonga eziningana. ithambo Ethmoid kwakhiwa engenhla futhi yangaphandle odongeni, ithambo acinene septum - yangaphakathi bese ithambo palatal we ongenhla - ephansi. I eyinkimbinkimbi kunazo zonke endaweni sakhiwo udonga lwangaphandle kokuba ezintathu kwelivi bony, obizwa nangokuthi conchae: phansi, phezulu kanye maphakathi. igobolondo Lower, okuyinto ehlukile, self ithambo, ine Ubukhulu enkulu. amagobolondo Ephakathi futhi engenhla - ke icubungula wethambo ethmoid. igobolondo ngamunye ibekwe phezu ekhaleni ukugijima, nakho ezintathu: phezulu, phansi futhi phakathi. Bobathathu turbinate septum futhi acinene zihlukaniswe isikhala khulula, okuthiwa ezivamile jika ekhaleni. isakhiwo esinjalo ikhala, okungukuthi simiso izimbotshana acinene kakhulu kule humidification kanye Ukushisa air ngokufaka ngokusebenzisa ekhaleni.

Ngaphezu amathambo uqwanga, ezidlala indima enkulu ekwakhiweni ikhala kulondolozwe ezakheke, inani elikhulu imisebenzi eyenziwa ulwelwesi lwamafinyila we ngalo ingaphakathi acinene. It is bahlukaniswa baba yizigaba ezingu amabili: olfactory futhi zokuphefumula. Isifunda olfactory esokuba ezikhethekile futhi iqukethe lenqwaba receptor olfactory, yakhelwe ukuba ngiziqonde iphunga. I-receptor yesifunda olfactory kungaba ngokuphelele noma ingxenye ulahlekelwe umsebenzi walo. Lokhu kwenzeka uma ezisebenza ezimweni ezinothuli noma Smoky, nge imikhuhlane njalo nezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane, futhi ukuchayeka ezingamahlalakhona okulimazayo ezinobuthi.

Iningi acinene ezazigudla zokuphefumula mucosa ingxenye kokuba sebuningini izici kwesakhiwo. Lezi zici kuthambekele ngokuyinhloko ukucutshungulwa emoyeni wachitha ngokusebenzisa ingaphakathi acinene. Yonke kobuso zokuphefumula ulwelwesi lwamafinyila embozwe lenqwaba cilia, okuyinto abanjwe zothuli, futhi ngenxa engapheli vibration we cilia ngase ophumayo, basuke ngokushesha asuswe ngokwanele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, yonke mucosal ebusweni iqukethe nezindlala ethize mucosal ukuthi secrete isikhwehlela ethile, lokuqoqa uthuli ubuso bayo nezilwanyana ezincanyana, bese evacuates kubo. Ukwakheka le isikhwehlela kuhlanganisa izinto eziningi ukulwa bacterium namagciwane abangela izifo. Udonga phambili ngqo ngaphansi ulwelwesi lwamafinyila kuyinto iqoqo ugesi plexus emithambo yegazi, injongo eyinhloko okuyinto - Ukushisa air ngokufaka ekhaleni.

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, isakhiwo ikhala eliyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kunalelo kungase kubonakale efika kuqala. ekhaleni sethu esikhethekile "Igumbi imfihlo" - sinuses acinene evulekile phakathi komgodi acinene futhi enze eyengeziwe bafudumale emoyeni. Sinuses embozwe lwamafinyila, kukhona ingqikithi 4 izinhlobo:

1. maxillary noma itheku maxillary. Basuke esisogwini sokunene nesobunxele e ukushuba we ongenhla. Imibono yalezi sinuses imbozwe cishe ngokuphelele ulwelwesi lwamafinyila.

2. itheku frontal nayo abhanqiwe, ukuthi akuphi ku bone engaphelele.

3. Esikhathini umzimba wethambo ethmoid olunikezwa sebuningini amaseli sinuses ethmoid.

4. Ubunikazi itheku sphenoid kuyinto sehhashi Turkish emzimbeni wethambo sphenoid.