I-membrane yeselula nendima yayo yezinto eziphilayo

Namuhla, kubantu abaningi, akuyona imfihlo ukuthi izinambuzane ziyisixhumanisi esiyisihluthulelo ekulawuleni izinqubo ze-biochemical esitokisini. Ngenxa yezinambuzane eziphilayo, i-homeostasis yangaphakathi igcinwa ngaphakathi kweseli. I-membrane yeseli ikhetha ngokukhetha izinga lokungena kwamakhemikhali ahlukahlukene e-cell, bese kukhululwa ama-enzyme nama-vectors avela kuwo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi sakhiwo sinesakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi sezinto eziphilayo esihlinzeka ngombono, ukuguqulwa, kanye nokudluliswa kolwazi oluvela emvelweni wangaphandle.

I-membrane yeseli isakhiwo esivumela amangqamuzana namagciwane e-intracellular (i-lysosomes, i-mitochondria, i- Golgi complex , njll). Iseli ngayinye iyisimiso esiyingqayizivele sezinambuzane ezakhiwe ngamathambo, ama-pocket kanye namathangi. Ingqamuzana yezinto eziphilayo - amapulethi amancane (60-70%) we-lipoprotein ne-glycoprotein nature. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi amangqamuzana e-bacterial and plant, ngokungafani nezilwane, akakwazi ukushintsha ukuma kwawo, njengoba azungezwe udonga olunama cell. I- membrane yeseli yezinto eziphilayo zezitshalo ihlanganisa i-polysaccharides, amabhaktheriya avela ku-monosaccharides, amashukela e-amino, lipids nama-amino acids.

Isakhiwo se- membrane yeseli.

Izingxenye eziyinhloko ze-membrane yeselula yi-lipids (60-70%) - i-phosphatidylcholine, i-phosphatidylethanolamine, i-sphingomyelin ne-cholesterol. I-cholesterol yenza izinambuzane eziphilayo ziqine, ngakho-ke izingcezu ezincane ze-cholesterol ziyanwebeka kakhulu. Amaphrotheni e-membrane amelwa yi-lipoprotein ne-glycoprotein complexes (30-35%). I-membrane yeseli ngesilinganiso esincane iqukethe nama-carbohydrate ekwakheni ama-glycoprotein, i-glycolipids, ne-glycosaminoglycans (5-10%). Ukwakhiwa kwamangqamuzana eseli kufaka phakathi amakhemikhali amancane (i-nucleic acid, i-antioxidants, ion inorganic, coenzymes, njll). Ama-membrane e-plasma ahlobene kakhulu futhi ayenze yonke into ene-intracellular membranes ye-endoplasmic reticulum (reticulum). Ukwakhiwa kwe-reticulum kuhlanganisa izingqimba ze-granular kanye ne-agranular ye- endoplasmic reticulum, ehlukanisa isikhala sangaphakathi sesitelwana emakethe amaningi. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni kokulawulwa kwezinto ezihamba phambili ze-intracellular kanye nokugeleza kwezinqubo zokusebenzisa umzimba.

Imisebenzi yekhanda lensiza.

I-membrane yeselula inikeza umsebenzi wokuvinjelwa ozibonakalisa ngesimo se-selective, esilawulwayo nesimo semvelo. Ngenxa yokubonakala okukhethiwe, izinto kuphela zesayizi ethile zingangena ngaphakathi kweseli.

Umsebenzi wokuthutha wama-biomembrane uqinisekisa ukudluliselwa kwezakhi zibe esitokisini nokususwa kwe-metabolites yokugcina kuyo. I-membrane yeseli ibandakanyeka ekugcineni i-pH enhle. Lezo zinhlanganisela ezingakwazi ukuwela ungqimba lwezinhlamvu, ziyangena ngosizo lwamaprotheni athile abathwalayo, futhi futhi nge-endocytosis. Kuhlobo oluthile lwezinto ezithinta izinto ngaphakathi kweseli kungathiwa yi-diffusion. Ukuthutha okusebenzayo kwezinto kwenziwa ngokuhlanganyela kwepompo ye-potassium-sodium.

Umsebenzi we-matrix wezinambuzane ungenxa yokuchasisa okuthile nokuma kwe-protective proteins. Izindonga zamaselula zidlala indima ebalulekile ekuhlinzekeni umsebenzi womshini, nasezintweni ze-intercellular ezilwaneni. Umsebenzi we-receptor ungenxa yokutholakala kwamaprotheni akhethekile asemakhanini eseli.

Umsebenzi we-enzymatic of membrane eziphilayo uhlotshaniswa ne-membrane amaprotheni, kanye nama-enzyme. Ngokwesibonelo, izingxube ze-plasma zamaseli e- epithelial (amangqamuzana e-epithelial emathunjini) aqukethe ama-enzyme okugaya.