Isakhiwo, umsebenzi iso-cornea

Omunye kwezitho zomzimba ezibaluleke kakhulu - amehlo. Siyabonga kubo sithola ulwazi mayelana nezwe elingaphandle. Isakhiwo yeso kunalokho xaka. Umzimba izici zayo siqu. Mayelana kuyini, sizobe ukukhuluma okwengeziwe. Futhi ngokuningiliziwe isakhiwo iso sisonke omunye izingxenye zalo - cornea - ngokukhethekile. Ake sixoxe ngalokho indima cornea e uhlaka umbono futhi ukuthi kukhona ubudlelwano phakathi isimo sawo futhi wawungathi lo isici iso imisebenzi.

Umzimba womuntu

Le ndoda ngosizo iso uyakwazi ukuthola ulwazi oluningi. Labo, nganoma isiphi isizathu, walahlekelwa emehlweni akhe, uwela kanzima kakhulu. Life ilahlekelwa upende yayo, abantu ayisakwazi ukucabanga ubuhle.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusebenza emisebenzini yansuku zonke futhi ziba nzima. Indoda iba elinganiselwe, ngeke siphile ukuphila okwanelisayo. Ngakho-ke, abantu abalahlekelwe umbono wabo, wafaka iqembu ukukhubazeka.

Imisebenzi iso

Iso imisebenzi elandelayo:

• ukugqama ezilihlukanisayo nombala lezinto, isimo sabo kanye nosayizi.
• Ukuqapha ukuhamba izinto.
• Ukunqunywa ibanga tintfo.

Ngakho, iso, kanye nezinye izitho womuntu, emsiza ukuba siphile ukuphila okwanelisayo ngaphandle kokuzizwa isidingo usizo ngaphandle. Uma umbono kulahleka, umuntu uba olungenakuzisiza.

kudivayisi Bamehlo kuyinto uhlelo optical, esiza umuntu ukuthi izwe, ekusingatheni ukwaziswa ephezulu ukucacisa futhi balidlulisele ezinganeni. Umgomo Okufanayo engikhiphela zonke izingxenye iso, omsebenzi wakhe esihlelwe futhi ngokuvumelanayo.

Kanti futhi le misebe ukukhanya kubonakala kusukela izinto, bese uthinta cornea, okuyinto lens optical. Ngenxa yalokho, imisebe ziqoqwa ngesinye isikhathi. Phela, umsebenzi oyinhloko cornea - yezokubona futhi uyavikela.

Khona ukukhanya ongena ngesango iris ukuba umfundi esweni futhi eminye kuya kuyi-retina. Umphumela isithombe okuphelele esiphendula esibhekisa phansi.

Isakhiwo iso

Iso lomuntu yakhiwa izingxenye ezine:

• Neuropathy, noma ethola ingxenye, okubandakanya yeso, amadivayisi iso.
• Pathways.
• izikhungo Subcortical.
• Ayanda izikhungo ezibukwayo.

imisipha Oculomotor zihlukaniswe imisipha eqondile etshekile esweni, ngaphezu, kukhona isiyingi futhi lowo evusa ijwabu leso. Umsebenzi we imisipha iso zisobala:

• amehlo spin.
• Uphakamisa uphinde wehlise leso elingenhla.
• Squinting nezinkophe.

Uma wonke amadivayisi ukusebenza kahle emehlweni, iso siyasebenza - luvikelwe ekulimaleni futhi ezikwimvelo. Kuyasiza umuntu ongaboni ukuqonda ngokoqobo futhi siphile ukuphila okwanelisayo.

inhlamvu yeso

Kuvele inhlamvu yeso ise orbit ngokuthi umzimba eyindilinga. I enethiwekhi iso zitholakala phezu phambi amathambo, nokuhlonza izinhlobo umsebenzi wabo oyinhloko ukuvikela yeso emathonyeni angaphandle.

Ngo yeso has ulwelwesi ezintathu: elingaphandle, maphakathi kanye kwangaphakathi.

Eyokuqala libizwa fibrous xaxa. Uye sakhiwa ezimbili:

• I-cornea - the esobala phambi kwesigaba. cornea iso umsebenzi kubaluleke kakhulu.
• Sclera - the opaque kwesigaba labaqaphi elingemuva.

Sclera futhi cornea nokunwebeka, sibonga kubo ukuthi iso emise.

Sclera has a ukushuba mayelana 1.1 mm, basibekele esobala mucosa mncane - conjunctiva.

corneas

I-cornea ibizwa ngokuthi ingxenye esobala udonga lwangaphandle. Sezitho Zokwenziwa - yindawo lapho Iris ihamba phakathi sclera. It sifana ukujiya cornea ka 0.9 mm. I-cornea iyona esobala, isakhiwo layo eliyingqayizivele. Lokhu kuchazwe amaseli elise oda esiqinile we-optical, kodwa futhi i-cornea akanayo imithambo yegazi.

cornea lesi sijame njengebhoksi lens convex-ngilugweda. Kuvame eqhathaniswa ingilazi amahora, nokuba ifreyimu opaque. Ukuzwela kwama-cornea ngenxa inani elikhulu kwalapho kuhlangana khona imizwa. It has a umthamo yokudlulisela futhi kwalungiswa izinkunga zokubona imisebe yokukhanya. amandla yezokubona ka omkhulu walo.

Lapho ingane iminyaka eyishumi, imingcele corneal elilingana kwemigomo omdala. Lezi zihlanganisa ukuma, ubukhulu namandla optical. Kodwa lapho umuntu uthola endala, i arc opaque ka-cornea, okuthiwa senile. Isizathu salokhu kukhona usawoti lipids.

Yini umsebenzi we-cornea? Kule - ku.

Isakhiwo cornea kanye nemisebenzi yayo

I-cornea inezendlalelo ezinhlanu, ngasinye ukusebenza yayo. Zogqinsi zimi kanje:

• stroma;
• epithelium okuyinto ihlukaniswe front futhi bakhulise;
• ulwelwesi Bowman sika;
• ulwelwesi Descemet sika;
• endothelium.

Ngokulandelayo, cabanga ngalokho ulayini isakhiwo kanye umsebenzi cornea.

Esikhathini ungqimba stromal iyona thickest. Gcwalisa ipuleti yayo thinnest okuyinto collagen ethandele. Indawo amapuleti kuqondane and cornea isihlobo komunye nomunye, kodwa fibre isiqondiso plate ngamunye uhlukile. Ngenxa yalesi cornea eqinile yenza umsebenzi - ivikela iso ekulimaleni. Uma uzama lubhoboze cornea ne nommese, okuyinto kabi iloliwe, ke lokhu kungaba nzima impela.

Isendlalelo EPITHELIAL unekhono lokuzelapha. amaseli wayo ezivuselela, futhi endaweni umonakalo akuyona ngisho sesibazi. Futhi kubuyiselwa ngokushesha okukhulu - ngosuku olulodwa. Front futhi epithelium ezingemuva unesibopho okuqukethwe namanzi stroma. Uma kubeka engcupheni phambili ezingemuva epithelium, i-cornea ungalahlekelwa obala yayo ngenxa hydration.

On the stroma kukhona ungqimba ekhethekile - Bowman igobolondo ongenawo cell, futhi uma elimele, izibazi izohlala kunesidingo.

ulwelwesi Descemet sika itholakala eduze endothelium. Ingabe futhi yakhiwa collagen ethandele, it kuvimbela ukusabalala kwamagciwane.

Endothelium - olulodwa iseli ungqimba, uyasondla futhi igcina cornea akasivumeli ukuba sikhukhumale. It is hhayi Lentulo ungqimba. Omdala umuntu okungukuthi, izacile ungqimba endothelium.

Trigeminal ezinzwa innervation inikeza cornea. Vasculature, ekupholiseni izinzwa, umswakama anterior chamber, ifilimu izinyembezi - konke ukuhlinzeka ngamandla alo.

umsebenzi corneal esweni womuntu

• I-cornea okuhlala isikhathi eside futhi sensitivity high, ngakho-ke has a umsebenzi zokuzivikela - ivikela iso umbono ekulimaleni.
• I-cornea kuyinto esobala futhi has simise ayizindunduma-phakathi, ngakho njengoba esechitha futhi refracts ukukhanya.
• Epithelium - ungqimba zokuzivikela lapho cornea eyenza umsebenzi ofanayo esivikelo - kuvimbela kokungenisa ukutheleleka. enkingeni enjalo singenzeka kuphela uma athutha lilimele. Kodwa ngisho nangemva kwalokho, epithelium anterior alulame ngokushesha (emahoreni angu-24).

imithelela Iyingozi ku-cornea

Amehlo njalo ngaphansi miphumela elandelayo enqabayo:

• contact mechanical nge izinhlayiya okuyinto imisiwe emoyeni;
• amakhemikhali;
• emoyeni nokunyakaza;
• nokushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa.

Ngemva contact udaba angaphandle iso lomuntu ikhaliphe unconditioned kukhona nezinkophe avaliwe, ukukhala egijima kakhulu futhi kukhona ekuphenduleni ukukhanya. Izinyembezi ukusiza ukukhipha ejenti angaphandle ebusweni iso. Ngenxa yalokho, sibonisa ukukholeka ngokugcwele umsebenzi ayisivikelo cornea. umonakalo omkhulu igobolondo kwenzeka.

efanayo Ukusabela zokuzivikela waphawula phakathi ukuchayeka kumakhemikhali, e imimoya enamandla, nelanga elikhanyayo, amakhaza nokushisa.

izifo Eye

Kukhona izifo eziningi iso. Nazi ezinye zazo:

• Presbyopia - ifomu senile ka ezikude, lapho kuyaqina lens elahlekile, futhi Zinn nemisipha ukuthi uyibambe buthaka. ngibone ngokucacile ukuthi iyiphi indoda kungaba kuphela uphikisana kude kude. Ukuthi lokhu kwakuphambene nemvelo livela ngeminyaka.
• Astigmatism - isimo lapho imisebe yokukhanya kuthiwa refracted ehlukile ezindaweni ezahlukene.
• Ukubona eduze (myopia) - imishayo aphambana phambi retina.
• Ezikude (hyperopia) - imishayo aphambana ngemuva retina.
• Protanopia, noma ukuba yimpumputhe - kule izifo kubantu cishe akukho ithuba ubone yonke ngenxa yemibala yawo ebomvu.
• Deuteranopia - hhayi okucatshangelwayo oluhlaza futhi bonke shades yayo. I anomaly kuyinto azalwa nako.
• Acyanopsia - uma lesi ukwephulwa endaweni iso kwalungiswa izinkunga zokubona womuntu akunakwenzeka ukubona bonke shades of eluhlaza.

Esimeni iyiphi ukushayisana umsebenzi izinhlaka umbono kudingekile ukuxhumana onguchwepheshe - kudokotela wezifo zamehlo. Udokotela uyosingatha lonke uvivinyo ezidingekayo futhi ngesisekelo imiphumela eyatholakala ukuxilonga. Khona-ke ungakwazi aqale ukwelashwa. Njengomthetho, iningi yizifo ezihlobene nokungabikho ukuhlukumeza we inhlamvu yeso, amenable ukusolwa. Okukhishwayo kuphela anomalies azalwa naso.

Isayensi akemi namanje, ngakho manje-cornea womuntu iso imisebenzi ingabuyiswa ngu ukuhlinzwa. Operation esheshayo nengebuhlungu, kodwa ngenxa yalesi ungakwazi balahle isidingo ophoqelelwe ukuya ngezibuko.