Isandiso endlini luhlaka (isithombe)

Indlela yokwenza i Ngaphezu womzalwane, singathanda ukwazi abanikazi abaningi ezindaweni suburban. Futhi akumangalisi. Yithuba ukuze bandise endaweni isakhiwo zokuhlala ubuncane izindlela. Eqinisweni, ukwakhiwa isakhiwo esinjalo - kunemidanti kunalokho elula. Nokho, ukuqaphela ezinye izici ubuchwepheshe of inhlangano yayo, kusadingeka.

Izigaba

Lakhiwa sandiso ukuthi indlu luhlaka ngezigaba eziningana:

• Izingxenye yephrojekthi.
• isisekelo esiphakeme.
• Ingabe izindonga uzimele.
• Ohlanganisiwe truss uhlelo.
• ulwelwesi Okwenziwe ka ukwakha uphahla noma udonga.

Ngokulandelayo, cabanga ngalokho kufanele kube oda kubulawa imisebenzi ku ngasinye salezi zinyathelo.

Udweba kanjani i okusalungiswa

Yiqiniso, esakhelwe Uhlaka sandiso ukuthi indlu (izithombe okuyinto ungabona ekhasini), ngemigwalo kwesikhashana futhi imidwebo umdvwebo. Ukuthuthukiswa yephrojekthi ukugwema izindleko ezingenasidingo usakhiwa isandiso, kanye ukubala inani izinto ezidingekayo. Into yokuqala okudingeka anqume - kuyinto endaweni ukwakhiwa esizayo futhi ukuphakama kwalo. Okulandelayo, nquma ukuthi singakanani kuyoba imisebe esuka isandiso ophahleni. Kukhethwa kuleli cala, luncike izici yezakhiwo kwesakhiwo uqobo. Ngokuvamile ezindlini ezincane suburban esakhiwe mafutha-isandiso. I engela ukuthambekela semishayweni kuncike zinhlobo abakhethiwe ukufulela impahla.

Le phrojekthi insiza ezifana isandiso endlini luhlaka, idayagramu enemininingwane ekuboniseni bonke osayizi okumelwe zifakwe. nice kakhulu futhi babiza ke:

• Luhlaka nokugcina enkulu noma 3D-imodeli.
• Imidwebo kule profile futhi phambi lelivakalako.
• Ipulani enemininingwane.
• Umdwebo endlini nge isandiso.
• Imidwebo uxhumano ezibalulekile ISIZINDA.
• Isikimu kwesisekelo.
• Isikimu ophahla.

Indlela zivunyelwe i Ngaphezu endlini?

Thola imvume ukuze kwakhiwe isandiso sisesenjalo at the stage of kwakhiwe luhlaka. Kuze kube yimanje, amadokhumenti alandelayo kumele zithunyelwe igunya lendawo:

• Permit isicelo.
• Idokodo eqinisekisa ubunikazi endlini.
• Amakhophi isitifiketi sokubhaliswa.
• Isitifiketi sokubhaliswa umhlali ngamunye.
• kusebentisana kwiphrojekthi izakhiwo zokuphatha.
• kwemvume ebhaliwe bonke abaphilayo.
• Okuphumela BTI isitifiketi umyalezo.

Ngakho, manje uyazi ukuthi ukuba livumele ngokomthetho i Ngaphezu endlini futhi ukudala iphrojekthi wakhe. Okulandelayo, sibheke ukuthi lithengwe for ukwakhiwa yayo.

Yini izinto ezidingekayo

Ukwakha isandiso Kuzodingeka nithenge:

Ngaphezu kwalokho, isidingo ukuthenga amathuluzi ezilandelayo:

• Ukufakwa kokumqoka kuphela nesando.
• Usimende mixer, lokwela, ebhakedeni.
• Imithi i-metal.
• Roulette, sikwele.

Gcwalisa isizinda

Ngo esigabeni sokuqala ekwakheni izakhiwo ezifana isandiso endlini ifremu, omaka wenziwa ngaphansi kwesisekelo. Kungenzeka ukusebenzisa indlela unxantathu yaseGibhithe noma lwesikhathi ezimbili.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, into esiyibonisa ngezikhathi ezithile isisekelo Ngokuzayo baqhutshwa nezikhonkwane phakathi okuyinto welula intambo. Mark kuyadingeka njengoba nentaba elingaphandle iribhoni ukhonkolo kanye kwangaphakathi. . Ububanzi odongeni engaphansi ngokuvamile okulingana ukushuba 10-15 cm plus inqubo okwengeziwe simiswe ngalendlela lelandzelako:

• Ngokumaka ngemba emseleni. Ukujula kwawo ukuba alingane ezingeni obeka isisekelo sendlu.
• Phansi emseleni siqondile ngokucophelela.
• Ngaphezu kwalokho, it is batheleka embhedeni esihlabathini okungenani 5 cm.
• On the esihlabathini prostilayutsya ukufulela emapheshana.
• Khona-ke esimweni kuthululwe endaweni ukushuba 3-5 cm.
• Nakuba ingxube usimende ngeke eqinisa, kungaba bahlanganyele womshini formwork. Knock it out of amabhodi uqweqwe 2 cm amabhodi 40 * 40 cm.
• In the isinyathelo esilandelayo ukuze uqale inhlangano yezinyoni ukuqinisa. Amabha ukuxhuma nomunye nge ngocingo.
• Ngemva kokufaka luhlaka itheyiphu ligcwele ukhonkolo. Lokhu kumele kwenziwe enezingxenye of kokuphazamisa. Kumi esiqongweni sezindawo eziphakeme zikakhonkolo kufanele usethe ihange imishudo, okuyinto lizonamathiselwa waistrail.

Ngemva kokubekela ngokhonkolo ukuxubana itheyiphu umugqa phezulu, usebenzisa ezingeni, futhi bavunyelwe ukuba ume ngenyanga. I formwork angasuswa ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa.

Isandiso ngendlu lwamathambo sokhuni, njengoba nje ukhonkolo noma isitini, kungenziwa busekelwe pier. Izindleko base eshibhile. Ukukhethwa isisekelo zinhlobo engaphansi okungenani izici umhlabathi ngalesi indawo ethile.

Ukufakwa sill

Basement nokuvikela itheyiphu ngaphambili. Inkantini sill ogibele imishudo ihange. Oku element ngayinye abekwa esisekelweni futhi umsindo isando. Esikhathini nezakhamuzi okuholela yamba izimbobo. ugodo Landelayo ibekwe phezu ibhande, edabula kubo umshudo izinduku. Egibele ungene nati iheksagoni nge washers ezinkulu. Amakhona amabhodi axhunyiwe ngu "nengxenye-isihlahla." Eceleni kokuqendwa ipuleti phansi emagumbini awashintsheki joists. Babe nhlangothi zombili amabhodi nhlangothi zombili.

ukufakwa Racks

Ngo esigabeni esilandelayo ekwakheni izakhiwo ezifana isandiso ukuba indlu yokuhlala, sikulungele ukufaka Racks. Ikhona lokuqala kuvikelwe. Okulandelayo - Lesisemkhatsini. Ibanga phakathi kwalezi izakhi kufanele kube kancane ezincane kuno ububanzi amabhodi ukwahlukanisa. Isinyathelo ngesisekelo yobukhulu bawo ibalwa wendawo iwindi kanye nomnyango izindawo. Ngokufaka Racks amaningi ayeba nhlangothi lashukumisa emakhoneni steel, qondanisa ezingeni yabo bese ilungiswe lesi sikhundla struts yesikhashana. Ngokulandelayo, uqhubekele ukufakwa olandelayo we "iqembu". Esimweni lapho eminye Kusolwa inhlangano kuziwa endabeni yentukuthelo, ophahleni Racks obuphelele ububanzi izakhiwo ibalwa kusukela engela ukuthambekela.

Kuwufanele wazi ukuthi isandiso skeleton endlini akuyona isandla isilungisiwe. Ngokungafani isakhiwo uqobo lwaso, lesi sakhiwo esisha kuyoba kucasula. Uma unamathisele yokubeka kakhulu odongeni kubo ngesikhathi esifanayo qiniseka ukuya imifantu.

Ukufakwa piping kanye ukufakwa kwe-joists phezulu

Phela Racks efakiwe, verticality yabo isheke ezingeni futhi. Okulandelayo uqhubekele ukufakwa cantrail. Ukubeka imishayo yalo izigxobo futhi enziwe emakhoneni steel. Ukuze phezulu ngombala siphelile ukukhwezwa perpendicular odongeni joists endlini phansi. Ngesikhathi yokugcina jib esiteji ukususa lesikhashana unomphela oluqinisayo strut (ezimbili ngayinye).

Asezindongeni nophahla ukwahlukanisa

In the isinyathelo esilandelayo phansi phansi ngemishayo ku nemigoqo abethela paroizolyator. Ngaphezu kwalokho, phezu likhreyithi eyamukelayo ukukhwezwa amabhodi nhlangothi zombili. Ngemva kwalokho ukukhwezwa phakathi joists heater ipuleti. Khona-ke phezu amabhodi elinezinto.

Ukubuthanela uhlelo ophahleni

Isandiso ngendlu lwamathambo sokhuni, njengoba sekushiwo, ngokuvamile embozwe ophahleni elachitheka. Kulokhu, ophahleni yokubeka obandayo izakhiwo siqale ukufakwa Racks Lesisemkhatsini ngaphansi semishayweni ngasezindongeni zendlu. Ngokulandelayo, usika semishayweni abethela kubo ukusebenzisa kanye plate ngezansi. Nenkanuko edlulele, izakhiwo njengoba lokhuni ukunikeza impela ukuncipha okukhulu, esikhiqiza iziqobosho ekhethekile "abagijimi" ukuqinisekisa ukuhamba kwabo.

Kwembulunga nezindonga

Unamekwe skeleton isandiso endlini ngokulandelana elandelayo:

• Kusukela ngaphakathi esenezelwe enamathiselwe paroizolyator.
• Phezu kwakhe ukukhwezwa ipulangwe.
• Phakathi Racks vraspor efakwe ukwahlukanisa amabhodi.
• Phezu kwabo uzodinga ukuvala ifilimu amanzi. Njengoba paroizolyator, ulinamathisela nemigoqo.
• On the okuholela kontrobreshetku babuthane zamapulangwe noma battens.

ophahleni sheathing

Olwandulelayo ku semishayweni yonkana - nge nokunensa kancane - amabha unamathisele ifilimu amanzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho igcwele likhreyithi amabhodi emincane. It is fixed nge ngezikulufo metal amashidi.

Kule nqubo yokuchaza ukuhlangana izakhiwo ewusizo ezifana isandiso endlini isidumbu ngokuvamile angabhekwa ephelele. It uhlala kuphela ukubeka amafasitela, hang umnyango, knock off kompheme ne enze yokuqedela yokugcina ngaphakathi.