Isikhundla Military SS. Amazinga we Wehrmacht futhi SS

SS - omunye izinhlangano eliyingozi kakhulu futhi okwesabisayo kwekhulu XX. Kuze kube manje, iwuphawu zonke izenzo zonya zombuso wamaNazi eJalimane. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, lo mkhuba SS kanye izinganekwane ukuthi uhambe wamalungu ayo, kuyinto isihloko esithakazelisayo sokutadisha. Izazi-mlando eziningi Namanje atholakala emilandwini imibhalo German zalezi "elite" yamaNazi.

Manje sizama ukuqonda ubunjalo babo. SS timphawu kanye isihloko namuhla kuyoba nesihloko esikhulu kithi.

Umlando sokudalwa

Ngokokuqala ngqá SS Isifinyezo ngoba yangasese yezokuphepha paramilitary amayunithi Hitler yasetshenziselwa ngo-1925.

Umholi enhlangano yamaNazi uzungezwe kunabaqaphi phambi Beer Hall Putsch. Nokho, incazelo ezithusayo futhi ethize litholakala kuphela ngemva siphinde waqoqa ngokuba ejele kaHitler. Khona-ke bangena ezinhlwini SS namanje ncishana kakhulu - Kwakusazolandela iqembu labantu abayishumi owayehola Fuehrer.

Umgomo oyinhloko le nhlangano ukuvikela amalungu National Socialist Party. Military lifaka SS wabonakala kamuva kakhulu, lapho kumiswa vaffen-MOP. Lawa kwakungamadodana ngokunembile labo izingxenye inhlangano ukuba sikhumbule ngokucacile kakhulu, njengoba alwa ngezihluthu, phakathi kwamasosha abavamile Wehrmacht, nakuba abaningi wema phakathi kwabo. Ngaphambi kwalokho SS kwaba paramilitary Nokho, kodwa izinhlangano "civil".

Ukwakhiwa nomsebenzi

Njengoba sekushiwo ngenhla, ekuqaleni SS - kungcono nje yemilindankosi siqu sokudumisa namanye amalungu esiphakeme party. Nokho, kancane kancane, inhlangano yaqala wanda, insimbi yokuqala, bamemezela amandla ayo esizayo, kwaba ukwethulwa ekhethekile SS-isikhundla. Sikhuluma-post-Reichsführer, le ke Chief of a Fuehrer.

Iphuzu lesibili ebalulekile ekukhuliseni inhlangano kwaba imvume zizulazula ezitaladini belingana amaphoyisa. Lokhu kwenza amalungu SS ayisekho onogada nje. Inhlangano uye savela ibe inqubo ukuqapha inkonzo yesikhathi.

Nokho, ngaleso sikhathi esikhundleni esiphezulu lempi SS kanye Wehrmacht namanje kubhekwa alinganayo. Lo mcimbi oyinhloko ekuthuthukiseni lenhlangano kusengathiwa Yiqiniso, ukufika post-Reichsführer Genriha Gimmlera. Nguye, ngokuba parallel esikhundleni sokuba inhloko yabangamashumi SA, washaya umthetho Akavumelanga muntu umbutho wezempi sokunikeza iziyalezo amalungu e-SS.

Ngaleso sikhathi, ibutho eJalimane lesi sinqumo, yebo, senziwe izingalo. Zonke kakhulu kanye nalo ngokushesha washaya umthetho edingekayo ukunikeza wonke amasosha best anawo SS. Eqinisweni, uHitler ayebambisene nabo eduze provernuli umkhonyovu ekhaliphile.

Ngempela, phakathi ekilasini iqhawe inombolo abasekeli National Socialist zabasebenzi ukunyakaza bekulokhu incane khona, futhi ngoba ophethe iqembu uyayibamba amandla, waqonda usongo ibutho. Ayefuna umuntu ukuthi banenkolelo ejulile yokuthi kunabantu abathatha izikhali phezu oda of the sokudumisa futhi esikhathini sokuba sizimisele ukufa, enza imisebenzi eyabelwe kubo. Ngakho-ke UHimmler empeleni wadala bayibutho oyimfihlo amaNazi.

Injongo eyinhloko yempi entsha

Laba bantu bafeza ezingcolile futhi aphansi, ngokombono umsebenzi zokuziphatha. Ngaphansi umthwalo wabo babe emakamu okuhlushwa, futhi ngesikhathi amalungu impi ale nhlangano baba abahlanganyeli eyinhloko libhubhisa ingajezisa. SS-isikhundla sibalo kuzo zonke cala kanzima ngamaNazi.

I ekunqobeni kokugcina ophakathi kwegunya SS Wehrmacht kwaba ukuvela amabutho SS - kamuva elite lempi Third Reich. Kwalona jikelele akazange Unelungelo anqotshwe amalungu ngisho ku rừng aphansi esitebhisini yenhlangano "ukuphepha iyunithi 'nakuba isikhundla ku Wehrmacht futhi ama-SS efanayo.

Ukukhetha

Ukuze ngifike kuleyo party inhlangano ka-SS, kwakudingekile ukuba bamba ezihlukahlukene izidingo kanye nemingcele. Okokuqala, i-SS-amadoda wathola isihloko nge ngokuphelele ukubukeka kwama-Aryan. ubudala babo ngesikhathi engena inhlangano kwadingeka ukuba neminyaka engu-20-25. Babefanele babe "ilungelo" isakhiwo Yekhanda namazinyo ngokuphelele enempilo emhlophe. Ngokuvamile, ukungena SS yabhujiswa 'service' e-Hitler Youth.

Uhlobo bekugcwele ebaluleke kakhulu Ukukhetha nemingcele, njengoba abantu abangekho namalungu enhlangano yamaNazi, eyayizoba elite ikusasa umphakathi isiJalimane, "elilingana phakathi unequals." Kuyacaca-ke ukuthi isimo ebaluleke kakhulu kwakuyisimo ukuzinikela okungenamkhawulo kuya sokudumisa nemiqondo yokuhle Sikazwelonke Sokusebenzela Uhulumeni.

Nokho, lokhu imibono yokungabi nandaba akuzange kuhlale isikhathi eside, noma kunalokho, baphela cishe ngokuphelele kusungulwa Waffen-SS. Phakathi neMpi Yezwe II, ibutho likaHitler yangasese futhi UHimmler waqala sithathe zonke labo abafisa vykazhet futhi abazibonakalisa beqotho. Yiqiniso, isithunzi inhlangano uzama ukulondoloza, nabelane abezinye izizwe esanda yokutholwa kuphela isikhundla amabutho SS awathatha yeseli main. Ngemva yisosha like umuntu ngabe ngitholile yisakhamuzi German.

Ngokuvamile, "Aryans elite" phakathi nempi ngokushesha okukhulu "uphelelwa", kokuba ezabulawa empini futhi eyisiboshwa athathwe. Kuphela izigaba ezine zokuqala zenziwa ngokugcwele "ifakwe" uhlanga ahlanzekile, phakathi kwabo, ngasendleleni, futhi kwakungekho edume "Inhloko Dead". Nokho, 5th ( "amaViking") anginike ithuba lokuthola isihloko SS bezinye izizwe.

division

Isenzakalo esidume kunazo zonke futhi omubi Yiqiniso, 3 Panzer Division "Totenkopf". Ezikhathini eziningi kwakuba is ngokuphelele zinyamalale, singabhujiswa. Nokho, ngokuphindaphindiwe wavuseleleka. Nokho, division ayikaziwa ngenxa yalokhu, hhayi ngoba kukhona okungalungile okwenzile ezempi yimpumelelo. "Inhloko Ukufa" - ongowokuqala kuyo yonke i Kusaphazwa igazi ezandleni ezempi. Kuyinto kule sigaba isibalo esiphezulu amacala ayebekwe khona umphakathi ngokumelene iziboshwa zempi. Amazinga kanye esiphezulu SS ngesikhathi Tribunal akazange ukudlala iyiphi indima, kusukela cishe njalo ilungu Phiko lwakwazi ukwenza umsebenzi "excel."

Eyesibili waba Division edume "amaViking", ukubuthwa okubekwe ngayo amaNazi "lezihlobo ngegazi futhi umoya wabantu." Babehlanganisa zokuzithandela ezivela emazweni aseScandinavia, nakuba isibalo sabo wayehamba zasendle. Ikakhulu SS-isikhundla namanje egqoka amaJalimane kuphela. Nokho, isibonelo imisiwe, njengoba "amaViking" kwaba division lokuqala, lapho izizwe abaqashwe. Kwaphela isikhathi eside babelwa eningizimu kweSoviet Union, le ndawo eyinhloko "Izenzo" sabo Ukraine.

"Galicia" futhi "Ron"

Indawo ekhethekile emlandweni besigaba SS futhi kuthatha "Galicia". Le yunithi sidalwe amavolontiya basentshonalanga ye-Ukraine. Nezisusa zabantu Galicia owayethatha isihloko SS isiJalimane, ayelula - amaBolshevik weza ezweni labo eminyakeni embalwa nje edlule futhi kwadingeka ukuba cindezela inani elikhulu labantu. Kulesi sigaba sibika kwaba singazicabangeli kakhulu ababuthanda ngemibono namaNazi, kodwa ngenxa empini amaKhomanisi, okuyinto abaningi zapadnoukraintsy beqonda ngendlela efanayo njengoba izakhamuzi zase-USSR - .. Abahlaseli isiJalimane, ie, njengoba besahlulelo nababulali. Ayemaningi lapho kusukela yokuziphindiselela. Kafushane, amaJalimane babebhekwa njengezitha Bakhululi ejokeni kwamaBolshevik.

Umbono onjalo babevamile hhayi kuphela izakhamuzi naseNtshonalanga ye-Ukraine. 29 Division "Rona" wakhala isikhundla futhi timphawu SS abaseRussia, ababeke wazama ekubusweni amaKhomanisi. Bafika khona ngenxa yesizathu esifanayo ukuthi Ukraine - ukomela ukuphindisela kanye ukuzimela. Kubantu abaningi ngokujoyina kwababusi SS kwabonakala insindiso yangempela ngemva kweminyaka eziphukile 30-mi zokuphila kaStalin.

Ekupheleni kwempi, Hitler ne umbimbi base bekhona kakade ngokwedlulele, nje ukugcina abantu enkundleni SS ezihlobene impi. Ibutho waqala ukuthola nje abafana. Isibonelo abatelekile lokhu - the division "i-Hitler Youth."

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ephepheni, kunezindlela eziningi futhi musa ukusungula ibhizinisi, ezifana lowo obekumele Muslim (!). Phakathi kwababusi SS babeke ngisho elimnyama. Lokhu kufakazelwa izithombe ezindala.

Yiqiniso, uma kuziwa endabeni le, zonke elitism sinyamalale, futhi ama-SS baba inkampani ngaphansi kobuholi elite amaNazi. Isethi babantu "non-enhle" sibonisa kuphela ukuthi sikucindezela kangakanani wahlala uHitler UHimmler ekupheleni kwempi.

Reichsfhrer

Isenzakalo esidume kunazo zonke wayeyinhloko SS Yiqiniso, Genrih Gimmler. Yenze kwesivikelo 'ibutho yomuntu siqu "sokudumisa futhi uye wabambelela okuthunyelwe ka Inhloko omude kunayo yonke yayo. Lelo nani manje kakhulu wasenganekwaneni: zikubeka ngokucacile lapho uphela eqanjiwe, futhi lapho amaqiniso kusukela biography of isigebengu amaNazi, akukwazi ukuqala.

Siyabonga egunyeni SS UHimmler ekugcineni ukuqiniswa. Inhlangano isibe yilungu sokubusa kwamaNazi. SS-isikhundla ukugqokwa kubo, Empeleni bamenza induna lonke ibutho kukaHitler. Mangisho, ehhovisi lakhe uHenry wasondela ngendlela efanele kakhulu - mathupha zihlolwe ekamu, ukuze afeze amasheke izigaba, wahlanganyela ukuthuthukiswa izinhlelo wezempi.

UHimmler Ubeyindoda amaNazi umcabango ngemibono kanye nenkonzo SS yakhe ubizo yangempela. Injongo eyinhloko ekuphileni ngaye yayiwukuba kuqothulwe abantu bamaJuda. Mhlawumbe inzalo ka izisulu Kwesizwe futhi isidingo bayamqalekisa ezingaphezu kuka Hitler.

Ngenxa fiasco okusondelayo kanye Paranoia okwandisa kaHitler, UHimmler wabekwa icala ukuvukela umbuso. I sokudumisa wayeqiniseka ukuthi umsizi wakhe wangena isivumelwano isitha ukuze asindise ukuphila kwakhe. UHimmler elahlekile zonke izikhundla eziphakeme futhi izihloko, futhi indawo yakhe kwakufanele athathe ephathini isishoshovu owaziwa Karl Hanke. Nokho, i-SS, akabange esaba naso isikhathi ukwenza lutho njengoba banal akakwazanga ukuthatha ehhovisi Reichsführer.

isakhiwo

SS ibutho, njenganoma iyiphi enye kumiswa paramilitary, kwakusekelwe ezizathwini nangokuhleleka uhlelwe kahle.

Inani ephansi kule sakhiwo ukwehlukana ibhola-MOP ehlanganisa eziyisishiyagalombili. Three ezifana amayunithi lempi kwakhiwa troupes SS - ngezindinganiso nangokucabanga kwethu lokhu Leli qembu.

Kwakuwusuku amaNazi kanye nenkampani sabafowabo Sturm-SS, ehlanganisa abantu abangaba yikhulu. Wabayala Untersturmführer, ogama isihloko waba ngowokuqala kanti encane phakathi izikhulu. Kulezi kathathu amayunithi kwakhiwa shturmbann SS, inhloko elaba Sturmbannfuhrer (isihloko emikhulu SS).

Futhi ekugcineni, shtandar SS - aphakeme zokuphatha-indawo yunithi yenhlangano, i Analogue we ibutho.

Njengoba ubona, amaJalimane akuzange kudingeke ukuba reinvent isondo isikhathi eside kakhulu ukuthola izixazululo yasekuqaleni kwesakhiwo ngoba ibutho lawo elisha. Bamane wacosha analogue ezivamile zamabutho empi, ebanikeza, Ngiyaxolisa, okungenxa yezimo ezikhethekile "ukunambitheka wamaNazi." Isimo esifanayo naleleli iziqu.

isihloko

ezinhlwini lempi Waffen SS cishe ezifana nalezo kwababusi Wehrmacht.

Omncane kwakho konke leli sosha owanibiza Schutze. Ngaphezu kwakhe kwakumi ukhoporali Analogue - sturmmann. Ngakho isikhundla wasukuma ukuze Untersturmführer isikhulu (uLieutenant), ngokuqhubeka ukuguqulwa ibutho elula lifaka. Baya kule oda: rottenführer, Scharfuhrer, Oberscharführer, Hauptscharfiihrer futhi sturmscharführer.

Ngemva kwalokho iqala umsebenzi wayo sostav.Vysshimi isikhulu ezinhlwini babe Jikelele (obergruppefyurer) webutho lezempi, futhi uLieutenant General, owasizalela igama oberstgruppefyurer.

Bonke bangabangasokile ilawulwe umkhuzi abakhulu isikhulu sama-SS - Reichsführer. Ngo ukwakheka SS lifaka akunandaba, ngaphandle ukuthi yokubiza. Nokho, lesi simiso yakhiwe ngokunengqondo futhi ibutho kuyaqondakala, ikakhulukazi uma ufake isihloko ikhanda kanye nesakhiwo SS - ke konke kuba ngokuvamile kulula kakhulu ukuba aqonde futhi akhumbule.

Insignia

Ranks futhi esiphezulu SS Kuyathakazelisa tadisha isibonelo ehlombe ezizibeni kanye timphawu. Basuke izimpawu a sobuhle bayo stylish kakhulu German futhi ngempela uboniswa yena zonke izinto bacabangani izimpumelelo zabo uya khona amaJalimane. Isihloko esikhulu kwaba ukufa kanye nezimpawu zama-Aryan lasendulo. Futhi uma isihloko kule Wehrmacht futhi SS akazange ihluke, okufanayo ayikwazi ishiwo ezizibeni ehlombe nemidwa. Ngakho, yini umehluko?

Ehlombe ezizibeni baye bacela awuyona into ekhethekile - evamile black umugqa. Okuwukuphela umehluko - imivimbo. izikhulu Junior babehambile kude, strip Nokho, ezizibeni zabo emahlombe black okantovyvayut, umbala okuyinto kwakuxhomeke isikhundla. Kuzoqalwa nge-Oberscharführer, ezizibeni ehlombe yezinkanyezi yayibonakala - base omkhulu ububanzi nomumo sikwele.

Kodwa ngempela injabulo yobuhle ingatholakala ngokucabangela Sturmbannfuhrer timphawu - efomini bona safana Runes zaseScandinavia futhi aluka ngendlela ligature yinqaba, phezu okuyinto izinkanyezi ayebekelwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imivimbo, emapheshana ngaphandle, oki amashidi avele oluhlaza.

epaulettes Jikelele yayidlalwa sobuhle bayo efanayo, kuphela ukuba umbala legolide.

Nokho, okunabileko ngoba ngalendoda ofuna baqonde isiko namaJalimane langaleso sikhathi ukumela ezihlukahlukene amabheji, kuhlanganise division amamaki, eyasebenza njengodonga zamalungu e-SS. Kwakubuye kube yisibonakaliso "ikhanda nabafileyo" futhi crossbones lengalo Norwegian. Lezi nezimagqabhagqabha akuzona saziso, Nokho-ke, babephakathi ibutho iyunifomu-SS. Amalungu amaningi enhlanganweni bayaziqhenya sizigqoke, isiqiniseko sokuthi wenza into efanele nokuthi isiphetho ungakimi yabo.

ukuma

Ekuqaleni, lapho SS ubonakele nje, esihlukile elejwayelekile iqembu "isikaniso" kungaba ku othayi: Kwakumelwe omnyama, hhayi ensundu. Nokho, ngenxa 'elite "izidingo ukubukeka kanye nokwabiwa ezingasho lenyuka lisuka kwabangaba isixuku.

Kanye nokufika kwalolo inhlangano UHimmler yaba umbala eyinhloko omnyama - amaNazi babefaka amakepisi, izikibha, nenyumfomu lombala. Lezi imivimbo kwanezelwa izimpawu Rune kanye "ekhanda ushonile".

Nokho, kusukela ngo-entry eJalimane empini wafakazela ukuthi abamnyama kakhulu ivelele enkundleni yempi, ngakho ibutho lezempi grey iyunifomu yethulwa. Kuyinto alihlukile, ngaphandle umbala, futhi nesitayela esifanako esiqinile. Kancane kancane Grays indawo omnyama ngokuphelele. Ifomu black kwakubhekwa njengesibusiso luyingxenye ngokwesiko.

isiphetho

Military SS isikhundla baphathe incazelo ezinye engcwele. Bona - kuphela ipulani lamaphoyisa lempi Wehrmacht, omunye angase athi ngisho, kube yinhlekisa kubo. Bathi, "Bheka, thina -. Into efanayo, kodwa lokuyala kithi, awukwazi"

Nokho, ngokungafani SS ebuthweni evamile Yayinesikhwanyana hhayi buttonholes, iyunifomu kanye igama labo kwababusi. Into esemqoka ukuthi kwakukhona namalungu enhlangano - kungcono ukuzinikela engapheli kuya sokudumisa, okuyinto umangalela nabo inzondo kanye bloodlust. Ngokwe Diaries of amasosha aseJalimane, abazange like "izinja kaHitler" ngenxa bo khukhumala nokudelelwa kwezindinganiso bonke abantu emhlabeni.

Isimo sengqondo esifanayo kwakufanele izikhulu - into kuphela ahlupheka e amalungu lempi SS, sinjalo lesi yokwesaba Amazing wabo. Ngenxa yalokho, izinga Major (SS kuyinto Sturmbannfuhrer) ifikile kusho i-Germany okungaphezu isikhundla eliphakeme ebuthweni elula. ubuholi yamaNazi cishe njalo ohlangothini "bebodwa" phakathi kwezinye izingxabano vnutriarmeyskih, ngoba babazi ukuthi babekwazi bathembele kuphela kubo.

Ekugcineni, akubona bonke izigebengu SS lamfica ubulungiswa - abaningi babo wabalekela ezweni elithile laseNingizimu Melika, ekushintsheni amagama nokufihla kulezo ababashisela basolwe - okungukuthi, lonke izwe ophucuzekile.