"Buddenbrooks": isifinyeto, abadlali

Incwadi yokuqala kaToman Mann "Buddenbrook" yamenza umlobi odumile emhlabeni. Le ncwadi yanyatheliswa ngo-1901, lapho umbhali eneminyaka engu-26 kuphela. Kodwa-ke, nakuba esemncane, wakwazi ukunikela umphakathi wokufunda umsebenzi oyingqayizivele.

"I-Buddenbrooks" iyi-saga yomndeni ehlanganisa ukuphila kwezizukulwane ezine zabathengisi abacebile baseJalimane. Kakade isisindo esikhulu salolu hlelo senze le ncwadi ibe yinto ephawulekayo emhlabeni wezincwadi. Kodwa ngaphandle kwalokhu, uTomas Mann wembula yonke ikhono lakhe elivuthiwe lokuthola isikhathi sokubhala. Ngokucacile futhi ngokuthakazelisayo wachaza isithombe sokuphakanyiswa kancane kancane nokuwa kwegama lokuhweba. Kakade emva kokukhishwa kokuqala, le ncwadi yaba yithengisa phambili futhi into yokudumisa ngabagxeki. Ngo-1929, ngenxa yaleveli, uToman Mann wathola umklomelo weNobel ngoLwazi.

Abalingiswa abakhulu

Incwadzi ethi "Buddenbrooks", echaza ngokucacile isakhiwo sencwadi ngendlela efomile, ilandisa ngomlando womndeni wakwaBuddenbrock. Kuyaziwa yilowo nalowo ohlala edolobhaneni elincane laseMarienkirch. Inhloko yomndeni nguJohn Buddenbroke, onomnikazi wegama elifanayo. Unomkakhe uJosephine nendodana kaJohn (umlobokazi wakhe ubizwa ngokuthi u-Elizabeth).

Kusukela kulo mshado, uJohn unabantwana abaningi - uTomas oneminyaka eyishumi, u-Antonia oneminyaka engu-8 ubudala (phakathi kwezihlobo aziwa ngokuthi uTony) namaKristu aneminyaka engu-7 ubudala. Esendlini nabo bonke bahlala nentombazana uClotilda - isihlobo esiseduze nesihluphekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iBuddenbrokes inomfundisi nomninikhaya u-Ida Yungman. Uhlale nomndeni wakhe isikhathi eside, okubhekwa njengelungu lakhe eligcwele.

INdodana ehlakazayo

Kulo lonke lo mlando, abalingiswa abakhulu bahlanganiswa kancane kancane yizo zonke iziqhawe ezintsha, ezongeza futhi zenze inkaba "Buddenbroki" ibe mnandi kakhulu. Isifinyeto sale ncwadi asikwazi ukukhuluma ngaphandle kokusho uGotthold - indodana endala kaJohnn, ohlala ngaphandle komndeni. Izihlobo zama ukungazikhumbuli ngaye, ngoba le nsizwa yashada nentombazane empofu. Emndenini ocebile, le nyunyana ayizange ivunyelwe, ingacabangi ukuthi yayingavamile.

Nokho, uGotthold ngokwakhe ukhumbula amaBuddenbrooks. Uzama ukumenza abe yingxenye yesimo sakhe somshado. Umfowabo omncane uJohn ukhuthaza uyise ukuba angakhokhi imali edingekayo. Abamabhizinisi abafuni ukwabelana ngombuso ngoba besaba ukulahlekelwa ngamakhulu ezinkulungwane zamamaki futhi balahlekelwe kakhulu okungabangela ukulimaza.

Isihlahla somndeni

Eminyakeni emibili kamuva, uJohn Jr. nomkakhe u-Elizabeth banendodakazi enqunywe ngokuthi uClara. Lo mcimbi waba omunye wenjabulo kakhulu emndenini kulo lonke leliveli "Buddenbrooks". Isishwankathelo sesahluko esiphathelene nokuzalwa kukaClara kanje: uHannn ojabulayo ubhala izindaba mayelana nokuzalwa kwendodakazi yakhe ebhukwini elikhethekile. Amalungu omndeni ngezizukulwane eziningi agcwalisa wona, ngaleyo ndlela enza iqoqo eliyinkimbinkimbi yozalo.

Eminyakeni emithathu kamuva, umkaJohn umdala uJosephine uyafa. Izikhala ezinkulu isikhathi senziwa ngenxa yokuthi le ncwadi yimibiko emide kakhulu. Umsebenzi waloluhlobo oluthile wayefuna ukushicilelwa nguTomas Mann. "Buddenbrooks" (incazelo emfushane yezindaba eziyinhloko zeveli) emva kokufa kukaJosefina kuyisici esiyingozi sokuqala. Inhloko yomndeni uthatha isinqumo sokuthatha umhlalaphansi ebhizinisini bese idlulisela inkampani kwendodana yakhe. Ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho, uJohn osekhulile uyafa. Indodana yakhe-namesake, ehlangene emngcwabeni nomfowabo omdala uG Gotthold, wenqaba ukumnika okungenani ingxenye ethile yefa.

Ukuzibandakanya kukaTony

Okwamanje, izingane ziqhubeka zikhula. UTony uphendukela ku-18, ngemuva kwalokho uMnumzane Grünlich umhlinzeki wakhe. Umkhwenyana osanda kuzalwa uyakwazi ukucela ukusekelwa kwabazali bentombazane, futhi bacindezela indodakazi yabo. Nokho, u-Antonia Grunlich akayithandi nhlobo.

Ukungavumelani kuholela ekuhlaselweni. Abazali banquma ukuthumela uTony edolobheni elwandle laseTravemünde ngaseLübeck. Bakholelwa ukuthi intombazane kufanele iphumule, ihambise imicabango yakhe ngokuhle futhi iphinde icabangele ukunikezwa komthengisi. Kulo mzuzu, udaba olubalulekile lweveli "Buddenbrooks" lwenzeka. Isishwankathelo sezahluko ezilandelayo kanje: UTony uhlala endlini yomnumzane Schwarzkopf futhi uhlangana nendodana yakhe uMorgen. Ngokushesha abantu abasha baba abangane, bese bavuma ngokuphelele othandweni. Kodwa-ke, maduzane lonke olwandle luphela. U-Antonia ubuyela ekhaya.

Isinqumo esinzima

Okokugcina, uTony uthola incwadi enesizukulwane futhi uyabona ukuthi ubophezelekile ukuba aqhubeke nomndeni, ahlanganise impilo yakhe nendoda ecebile futhi angaphindaphindi amaphutha kaMalume wakhe u-Gotthold. Intombazane iphikisana nenhliziyo futhi iyavuma ukushada noMnu. Grünlich.

Ukuphila okuhlangene komndeni omusha akubuzwa kusukela ekuqaleni. Indoda isheshe iphoqe umkakhe. Isimo asisindisi ngisho nokuzalwa kwendodakazi ka-Erica. Kule ndaba engavamile, incwadi ethi "Buddenbrooks" iyaqhubeka. Isishwankathelo seveli emakhasini anikezwe emndenini waseGrünlich kanje: eminyakeni emine emva komshado, umyeni uyafa. Futhi maduzane kuyacaca ukuthi sonke lesi sikhathi wayelokhu ehamba ngoba umkhwenyana wathola udaka lomkakhe. UJohn akafuni ukusiza umkhwenyana wakhe. Uthatha indodakazi yakhe nomzukulu wakhe ekhaya futhi uthi umshado awukho futhi awunalutho.

Izindlalifa

UJohn Buddenbrock ufa ngo-1855. Isimo sekhanda lomndeni siya endodaneni yakhe uTomas, osukela eminyakeni yokuqala wasiza umkhulu wakhe nobaba ezindabeni ze-firm. Umalume wakhe u-Gotthold uhlale nezihlobo zakhe iminyaka eminingi. Wakwazi ukuthola ubuhlobo nomfowabo ngokudayiswa kwebhizinisi lakhe siqu.

Manje uTomas wenza ikhanda lakhe eliyinkohliso eliqinile, futhi uhlala engumholi walo. Umfowabo omncane uhlamvu oluhlukile kakhulu. Akayithandi umsebenzi ehhovisi lomndeni futhi uchitha sonke isikhathi sakhe emabhayisikobho nasemagatsheni. Ekugcineni, izingxabano zobuKristu nomfowabo omdala bese uya eH Hamburg, lapho eba umngane kwelinye inkampani. Kodwa-ke, ukuziphatha kwakhe okungenasici nakho kwenza uzizwe endaweni entsha. UmKristu akakwazi ukuzuza e-Hamburg. Ngemva kwesikhashana, ubuyela endlini kayise, nakuba ubuhlobo bakhe nezihlobo zakhe bubonakala buthaka. Ukuziphatha okunye kwamaKristu kubonisa ukuthi akakaze afunde lutho emaphutheni akhe.

Imicimbi Entsha

E-Munich, i-Antonia ihlangana no-Alois Permaneder futhi maduzane ushada okwesibili. Lo mlingisi - omunye ubuso obusha, wabonakala eduze nanoveli, eyabhalwa nguMann. "Buddenbrooks" (summary) qhubeka nokuhluleka kukaTony emkhayeni womndeni. Wathuthela kumyeni wakhe eMunich, kodwa edolobheni elisha wayenqunywe ukuba abe yingxenye yomunye futhi engathandwa yiwo wonke umuntu.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingane yesibili kaTony izalwa ifile. Ngisho nosizi olukhulu olunjalo alukwazi ukumletha yena no-Alois eduze. Ngemva kwesikhashana u-Antonia ulahla umkakhe ngokuhlubuka. Emva kwalokho, ubuyela kumama wakhe namafayela ukuze ahlukanise. Umshado wesibili uphela ku-fiasco efanayo neyokuqala.

Ukuhluma komndeni

Kodwa hhayi kuphela ukuhluleka nokuhlupheka, kubhala uT. Mann. "I-Buddenbrooks" (isifinyeto salokhu kubonisa) ibhalwe ngomcimbi ojabulisayo. UTomas unendodana, ehlonipha umkhulu wayo ibizwa ngokuthi uJohann (ngokushesha emndenini anikezwe igama elifushane - iGanno). Umfana uba yindlalifa yomndeni wonke kanye nempahla yayo eyinhloko - i-firm. Emva kwalokhu, uTomas uzuze ukhetho futhi ukhethwa yi-senator. Ukuba ngombusazwe, unquma ukwakha indlu entsha ye-chic, ngokushesha waguquka waba uphawu lweBuddenbrook amandla.

Udadewabo kaThomas Clara, ngaphambi nje kokuzalwa komshana wakhe, ushada uMfundisi uTiburtius. Umbhangqwana oshadile uhamba waya eRiga. Kodwa esikhathini esithile ngemva kokuzalwa, uGanno Clara ufa ngesifo sofuba. Ngokusho kwentandokazi, lo wesifazane uphawula yonke inzuzo yakhe (ingxenye yesabelomali esiphelele) kumlingani wakhe. Unina ka-Elizabeth ugcwalisa ngokuzithandela intando yakhe. Lapho uTomas ezwa ngalokhu, ufika entukuthelo evuthayo.

Ukuhluleka ngemuva kokuhluleka

Ngesahluko ngasinye esisha, isimo sokudangala nokuphelelwa yithemba siyaqina, ngakho ngokwendlela yomlobi, uMann ngokwakhe wayefuna. "Buddenbrooks" (isifinyeto) siyaqhubeka nekutsi uTomas oneminyaka engu-42 ubudala uwela ekucindezelekeni. Kubonakala sengathi inkampani yakhe iyobhujiswa, futhi noma yikuphi ukuzama ukuthuthukisa isimo kuyize. Ukuqothulwa kokuqala kwavela ngemuva komlando wefa likaClara. Manje uTom uthatha isinqumo esikhulu, kodwa sihluleka futhi siholela ekulahlekelweni okusha. Le nkampani ihamba kancane

Zonke lezi zintuthuko zokuqedwa kancane kancane komndeni onamandla zichazwe ngokuningiliziwe nguToman Mann. "Buddenbrooks" (isifinyeto) sigubha impilo yezizukulwane ezine. I-Ganno encane (eyabasekugcineni kwayo) ayinandaba kakhulu nokuhweba nokuqinile. Yena, njengomama wakhe, uthanda umculo, ophazamisa futhi ocasula uyise. Ngemva konyaka u-Elizabeth uyafa ngesikhathi esihloniphekile. Ngakho-ke, umlingiswa ngemuva komlingiswa, amaqhawe ashiya i-proscenium yeveli "Buddenbrook". Isishwankathelo (izibuyekezo ziqinisekisa lokhu) zikhomba kuphela inhlekelele engahambi kahle emngceleni wesibeletho somndeni.

Ukuqeda kancane kancane

UTomas uqhubeka ebona inkathazo kuqala. Intuition ayiphumeleli. Indodakazi kaTony Erika izalwa indodakazi (ibizwa ngokuthi u-Elizabeth). Nokho, umyeni wesifazane, Waynshenk, uboshwe ngamacala amaningi ahlobene nebhizinisi lakhe. Okwamanje, indlu yaseBuddenbrok iyathengiswa kuHermann Hagenström, omunye wabaphikisana nenkampani, ogama lakhe liqhubeka nokukhuphuka.

UTomas akayena omncane - impilo yakhe ibuhlungu kakhulu, akakwazi ukusebenza njengasebusheni bakhe. Indodana yakhe iyakhula futhi ingenandaba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uTom uqala ukusola umkakhe ngokuhlubuka. Konke lokhu kuhlanganiswa kunciphisa amandla akhe angokwenyama nokuziphatha.

Ekuqaleni kuka-1873, u-Weinshenk wakhululwa. Kodwa-ke, akabuyeli eBuddenbrooks, kodwa utshela umkakhe ukuthi ngeke abuyele aze azuze ukuphila okuhloniphekile. Emva kwalezi zindaba, akekho omunye ozwa noma yini.

Ukukhipha inkampani

Naphezu kwazo zonke izinkinga, inkambo yezenzakalo zencwadi ethi "Buddenbrooks" iyaqhubeka. Isifinyeto, izinguqulo zesiRashiya - konke lokhu kuyithakazelisa kakhulu namuhla, ngoba ngisho nangemva kweminyaka engaphezu kweyikhulu emva kwencwadi le ncwadi ithandwa ngabafundi. Umphumela wesigcawu ukufa kukaTomas. Ngokusho kwentando yakhe, izihlobo ezisele zichitha imfucuza yomndeni, umlando wayo uneminyaka engaphezu kwekhulu.

Lena yinkinga enkulu ye-novel Buddenbrook. Isishwankathelo sezahluko sibonisa ukuthi ngomnyaka owodwa imiphumela yomsebenzi wezizukulwane eziningana zomndeni ibhujiswa. Ngemva kokufa kukaTomas, kwakungekho muntu oyedwa ongashiya umsebenzi wakhe wobaba. Kusukela ebuhleni obudala kunememori kuphela kanye nezindaba zomuzi.

IThe Last Hope

AmaKristu, lapho ethola isabelo sefa, asuke eHandham, lapho eshada khona nenkosikazi ka-Aline Poufogel. Ngokushesha uyathumela umyeni wakhe esibhedlela futhi uba ngumnikazi we-capital enkulu.

Isimo sangempela senhloko yomndeni siya e-Antonia. I-firm isivele isuliwe, kodwa inqubo yomthetho yenziwa ngokugcwele futhi isheshayo, ngenxa yokuthi umcebo womndeni uhlala imvuthu. Noma kunjalo, uThony unethemba lokuthi uHanno oneminyaka eyishumi nanhlanu uzogcina ekwazi ukubuyisela ubukhulu babo eBuddenbrokes. Izifiso zakhe azihloselwe ukugcwaliseka. Umfana ufa nge-typhus ebulalayo. Kulo mzila wesilisa ohlobo oluphazamisekile.

Ukuphela kweveli

Ngemva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha ukufa kukaHanno, uGerda, umka-Gotthold ngasekugcineni, washiya iBuddenbrok. Ususa izindleko zemali yomndeni ku-Amsterdam yakhe yasekhaya. Umgcini wezindlu u-Ida Yungman uzimisele nokuthuthela izihlobo zakhe. Kusukela ngaphambi komndeni omkhulu kukhona u-Antonia kuphela, indodakazi yakhe nesihlobo sabo esikude saseClotilde.

Kulesi sakhiwo vula inkaba "Buddenbroki" iphelile. Isifinyeto sesiJalimane, kanye nesiRashiya, singagcwaliswa ngokuthi iqiniso kuphela eligcinwe encwadini yomndeni, eliqukethe ulwazi mayelana nokuzalwa komndeni. U-Tony uphinde aphinde amfunde futhi aqhubeke ethemba okungcono kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, umlando womndeni ku-novel Buddenbroki uphazamisekile. Isishwankathelo, izinguqulo zesiRashiya kanye nencwadi ekuqaleni zithandeka kubafundi emhlabeni wonke, ngenxa yokuthi uMann wakwazi ukuphinda abuyele isithombe esihle kakhulu sokudlulela kancane kancane komthengisi onamandla.