Isinkwa: breads, ukubunjwa, izakhiwo ewusizo

Kulesi sihloko singathanda ukukhuluma mayelana isinkwa. Kuyini lokhu? Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukudla, okuyinto kuveza phakathi ukwelashwa ukushisa. Izithako main zihlale emanzini nofulawa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona ezihlukahlukene supplements kanye inqwaba izinhlobonhlobo isinkwa.

Kuyini isinkwa kithi?

Ngokuvamile, isinkwa ezimpilweni zabantu kuyinto esithinta umhlaba wonke. Kubantu abaningi umkhiqizo uba yingxenye isiko, njengoba isizathu zonke izizwe zokupheka ayo kazwelonke yokukhiqiza yayo. Lo mkhiqizo asindisa wakhulula abantu bebulawa indlala ezikhathini kanzima. Ngakho-ke, isinkwa - akusiyo nje umkhiqizo Culinary, isakhiwo jikelele.

Lo mkhiqizo usuthandwa ngenxa izakhiwo zabo. isisekelo sayo okusanhlamvu. Ngakho, ngakho umuntu uthola amaprotheni isitshalo ezibalulekile futhi ama-amino acid.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, isinkwa ungumthombo amavithamini, amaminerali, fibre, calcium, potassium, i-sodium, magnesium, insimbi ne phosphorus. Umkhiqizo kakhulu okunomsoco, ecebile carbohydrate.

Namuhla, abantu abanayo empilweni yansuku zonke ukuzikhandla omkhulu emzimbeni. Ngakho, futhi ukusetshenziswa okweqile isinkwa, futhi, ngeke kube wusizo. Ngoba ube imikhiqizo edumile kusukela rye bakhe nezinye okusanhlamvu. Lezi breads futhi kugayeke carbohydrate kuzo ngaphansi.

Isinkwa kungaba umphelelisi isidlo, futhi ingaba njengesihluthulelo ozimele. Phela, sivame ukusebenzisa sandwich, Quiches, sandwich. Ngo zokupheka letiphatselene nemasiko lahlukene ungathola imali efanele ukudla kwezindlu kusekelwe kuyo - ikhekhe isinkwa, jelly, isinkwa isobho.

isinkwa kazwelonke

Ngayinye abantu isinkwa - akusiyo nje ehla emangalisayo, kodwa futhi ingxenye isiko. zokupheka National kwamiswa isikhathi eside futhi ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zomhlaba babe nezici zabo.

Primordially rye Russian isinkwa isinkwa. Namuhla kukhona izinhlobo eziningi ezifana ufulawa baking rye, futhi elalidume kunawo wonke wabo "-Merchant" futhi "Borodino".

Ngaphandle kweqiniso lokuthi isinkwa esinjalo, breads, kudingeka siqonde ukuthi isizwe ngasinye has zokupheka ayo futhi imibono yabo ukunambitheka kwako.

E-Italy, edumile umpheki ciabatta. Lena imvubelo isinkwa esekelwe ufulawa kakolweni. baking sici ukuthi unakho uqweqwe crispy kanye pore isakhiwo esikhulu kakhulu ngaphakathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wafaka anyanisi, garlic, izinongo.

France idume baguettes zawo okumelwe zigcinwe, hhayi ngaphezu izinkwa kancane crispy. Yenza lesi sinkwa kafulawa, ngakho-ke kwaba mhlophe kakhulu.

Kusukela Mediterranean kuya sifika pizza abadumile. Akukona ngisho ngempela isinkwa phezu kwesisekelo salo ipuleti. Lapho kuphela pizza bafika, kwaba kungasiko izithako, kwaba ezejwayelekile imvubelo ikhekhe, ezigcotshwe utamatisi sauce futhi ufafaze ushizi. Ekuqaleni, wapha abalimi abampofu. Kamuva kwazivelela, aluthola eziningi zokupheka.

Famous isinkwa Israeli, okuyinto ilungiselela inhlama, hhayi esidlule inqubo ukuvutshelwa.

ICaucasus- Sekuyisikhathi eside okulungiselelwe Pita isinkwa. Unjani ikhekhe mncane, ubhake kuhovini ngetshe. E-Asia Ephakathi, yi-isinkwa efana Pita isinkwa, kuphekwe kuhhavini ekhethekile - tandoor.

Ungakwazi bangaphezi ukukhuluma mayelana nokuthi kwenzekani isinkwa breads ezizweni ezahlukene. Isihluthulelo siwukuba ukuthi ngaphambi noma yimuphi umuntu kwaba ngesisekelo amandla. Manje abaningi egcina ngokwakha ukusetshenziswa kwaso, kulandela ukudla futhi esikhundleni salo kube nokuthile neminye imikhiqizo.

Isinkwa: breads

Ekhuluma isinkwa, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi ngokuvamile ihlukaniswe yaba umbala ingxolo omnyama, ompunga, omhlophe.

Ukuze uhlunge ukwehlukana zinhlobo kunengqondo zingahambelani uhlobo ufulawa lapho isinkwa. Kulesi sisekelo, singakwazi ukuhlukanisa lezi zinhlobo:

1. Ukolweni (omhlophe).
2. Ukolweni rye (grey).
3. Rye.
4. okusanhlamvu lonke.

Endaweni ehlukile, cishe ivelele manje ethandwa ngokwanele phakathi abathengi isinkwa. Ngakho, i-isinkwa esenziwe ngofulawa emhlophe, kodwa khekhe ngaphezulu. Lokhu, eqinisweni, umehluko kuphela. Yiqiniso, kuvela esihlwabusayo kakhulu futhi elimnandi, ngoba yena zithandwa kakhulu.

Ake sihlolisise at isigaba ngasinye isinkwa.

kakolweni nesinkwa

Kuyinto isinkwa esimhlophe ezenziwe ngofulawa kakolweni. izinga layo kuncike ngokuyinhloko uhlobo ufulawa, okuyinto asithathe ekuwulungiseleleni. The best uthole okukhulu isinkwa esimhlophe.

izinhlobo ezehlukene ingaqukatha ezinye izithasiselo: bran, imbewu cocoa. Kodwa ngokuvamile kakolweni nesinkwa kubhakwa ngofulawa izinga okusezingeni eliphezulu. Kuyinto ecebile magnesium, i-calcium, isitashi. Ngoba umuntu ehla enjalo eziwusizo? Kuyinto enhle kulabo bantu unezinkinga ukugaya noma izilonda esiswini.

Izinhlobonhlobo esinkwa se-rye

Rye - ke njalo Meatless isinkwa. akuvamile wakhe ukwenza uhlobo olulodwa kuphela impuphu, njengoba umthetho, ukuthatha ukupheka kakolweni-rye ingxube. Olinganise kungenziwa iphathwe ezahlukene. Singasho ukuthi ufulawa rye ngaphezulu, okuhle ikakhulukazi ukubhaka. Iqukethe namaminerali amaningi, amavithamini kanye fibre, okuyinto kwehlisa ezingeni glucose egazini, ulawula umsebenzi wokugaya ukudla.

Ngokuvamile, itholakale emakhemisi isinkwa esivamile, olunamanzi angamaphesenti angu-ayisithupha we rye, amane - ezenziwe ngofulawa kakolweni. Olinganise incike ukubukeka.

Esinye isinkwa mafutha - kuphela ngesisekelo ufulawa rye. Kuyasiza kakhulu futhi iqukethe semali fibre. Njengomthetho, isetshenziswa abantu abafuna ukwehlisa isisindo somzimba. Futhi lokhu akukho ngozi. Iqiniso lokuthi lesi sinkwa ngesivinini umzimba. Nokho, lo mkhiqizo kunzima ngokwanele ukuba sikwazi ukugaya, ngakho ayilingani konke. Kwabanye kunzima kungabangela izinkinga esiswini.

The best futhi ewusizo kakhulu esinkwa se-rye wenza kusuka lonke ukolweni. zokupheka athandwayo kakhulu nge-apula, ikhumini Molasses noju. By the way, uhlobo bayobhaka nge ikhumini ngokuthi Lithuanian. Esikhathini esitolo ungathola isinkwa Turkish, okuyinto wafaka nati kanye namagilebhisi omisiwe.

Ngokuvamile, i-rye isinkwa kuyoba wusizo kulabo bantu aphakeme cholesterol, futhi waphupha ukunciphisa umzimba.

Corn nokolweni lonke isinkwa

Ummbila - a isinkwa elula, okune-fibre. Iqukethe isitashi esincane kakhulu, kodwa ezinothe ngamavithamini A, B, D.

ufulawa Wholemeal okulungiselelwe kusukela okuhambisanayo. Kungani kuthiwa okusanhlamvu lonke? Ngoba ungafundeki, t. E. Ngaphambi ukugaya okusanhlamvu kungekho olwelwesini isuswe, futhi equkethe zonke amavithamini namaminerali. Sinkhwa kusukela kule ufulawa uphendulela esindayo futhi lakha, awusebenzi sidilike futhi akazange uthole endala. Kuyini inzuzo yayo? Ngemva ukusetshenziswa kwalo isikhathi eside ungafuni ukudla, kuza umuzwa nehlala njalo satiety. Lesi sinkwa kuyasiza inhliziyo futhi semithambo izifo, isifo sikashukela, kubalulekile ukuba abantu ukudla, noma kulabo yengamela isisindo sakho.

isinkwa ubuchwepheshe ukukhiqizwa

Kusukela kakhulu ukuqala inqubo baking kudingwa umuntu sokubekezela nokukhuthala. Ngisho ne ubuchwepheshe besimanje ukukhiqizwa sesinkwa kwakuwumsebenzi okhandlayo.

Inqubo unezigaba eziningana:

1. Lungiselela izithako. Lokhu ufulawa sieving, futhi ukuxuba izinhlobo zayo ezihlukahlukene, sisebenze gluten.
2. Nomkhombe.
3. Ukuthuthukisa inqubo ukuvutshelwa nokubhidlizwa.
4. Ukwahlukana yokuhlola ngezabelo.
5. Kumiswa izikhala.
6. Ukubhaka.
7. Cooling.
8. Okufakiwe yokugcina.

Isinkwa kuhlanganisa nokusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo eziyisisekelo njengamanzi, ufulawa, imvubelo kanye usawoti. Ukuze isithokela angase engezwe nezinye izithako: ubisi, ibhotela, isiraphu, ushukela, imbewu poppy, lwemithombo, izinongo.

Ukulungiselela ukuhlola - mayelana ayisikhombisa amaphesenti yonke inqubo. Kule yisigaba esibaluleke kuncike, uthola isinkwa esehla esiphundu noma cha.

Izindlela wokulungiselela inhlama

Isinkwa Inhlama ingalungiswa ngezindlela ezimbili: bezoparnym futhi oparnym.

indlela Oparny kuhilela ukulungiselela inhlama. Ukuze lokhu enyakaza ufulawa nengxenye futhi 2/3 ngamanzi elishiwoyo iresiphi. Njengoba silungiselela isinkwa nemvubelo ke ayifake ngxube, uma wabhaka kakolweni. Ukusebenzisa baking rye nhlama ebilisiwe. Opara kufanele ume inqubo ukuvutshelwa amahora amabili kuya amane ezingeni lokushisa amabili nesikhombisa - degrees amathathu. Kodwa kakade bese ufaka zonke izithako asele bese uxove inhlama.

Lapho bezoparnym indlela zonke izingxenye axutshwa ngokushesha wabonisa iresiphi. Kuleli zinga, inhlama uhlala ezulazulayo amahora amathathu noma amane, bese-ke kubhakwa.

Kusese uthuthuva test ubuchwepheshe lapho zikafulawa ukwenziwa ngamanzi abilayo.

Mangisho ukuthi indlela oparny iyona enemisebenzi kakhulu. Cishe yonke indawo ekukhiqizeni basetshenziswe. Le ndlela esheshisa inqubo ukupheka, kodwa kungenteka uhlushwe Kulokhu kanye izinga. Kodwa inqubo phisa kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuba apheke esiphundu, isinkwa fresh-wabhekana, cherstveyuschy eside.

Ekupheleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili kwakukhona izindlela zesimanje wokulungiselela ukubhaka.

Micronization isetshenziswa kuphela yokusanhlamvu ezithile. Indlela kusekelwe ukusetshenziswa infrared, okuyinto abangela umpheki okusanhlamvu kuphela ngenxa isakhiwo yayo. Okusheshayo Ukushisa inqubo esilondoloza lemali umsoco bhaka.

Extrusion - okusanhlamvu icutshungulwe ngaphansi kwengcindezi. Idivayisi usebenza nge ukuqhumisa ubuchwepheshe. ashisa kakhulu kanye ingcindezi kweso tenderize mass.

Mayelana nomlando

Namuhla ngathi kuyiqiniso ajwayelekile ukuthi isinkwa ibhalwe kusukela okusanhlamvu. Kodwa izazimlando bathi kwakungenjalo ngaso sonke isikhathi. Futhi ngowokuqala breads ayenziwa ngesikhumba acorns. Ngalezo zinsuku, abazange bantule, kanye nokuqoqwa yabo akudingi mzamo okuningi. Ngakho abantu ayefunda ukupheka kuzo ukudla okunempilo nokunomsoco.

Kukhona inguqulo yesibili, lapho isinkwa lokuqala yalungiswa usebenzisa nati.

Ukusungulwa kusekelwe okusanhlamvu baking iphutha ngengozi. I sibonelo lwesinkwa yesimanje siqala esikhathini Neolithic. Ekuqaleni, lezi kwakungezona amakhekhe abavamile. Balungiselela yamaSumer asendulo futhi abaseGibhithe. Futhi kamuva, e-Egypt, bantu ngamabomu ukutshalwa kakolweni, efuna ukufeza nqampuna umhlabeleli. Khona-ke abaseGibhithe wasungula indlela yokwenza isinkwa nhlama ebilisiwe. It is ukuthi nesikhombisa leminyaka BC, bona kakade wayazi ukuthi ubhiya, mhlawumbe lokhu utshelwa ukuba umbono kokusebenzisa ukuvutshelwa ukulungiselela inhlama ezaziwayo.

ngokushesha kakhulu ubuciko ukusabalala isinkwa emhlabeni wonke. Njengoba isizathu imikhiqizo okusanhlamvu ngesikhathi sasebenzisa izitshalo wokudla, ayetholakala ezindaweni kule ndawo. Kodwa ayabila ukuthatha ezihlukahlukene zezinto eziphilayo. Kungaba for ubhiya Foam, amagciwane kanye nokuvikelwa kwemvelo. Art isinkwa beshintsha nethuthukisiwe Sekuyizinkulungwane zeminyaka, kodwa kuze kube yilolu suku isisekelo iyiphi iresiphi ufulawa owenziwe okusanhlamvu, imvubelo kanye namanzi.

Indaba esinkwa se-rye

Abukho ubufakazi obungokomlando kusikisela ukuthi Russian isinkwa recipe - it is kubhakwa kuphela kusuka ufulawa rye. Black isinkwa uvele eRussia ngekhulu nanye. Uqinisile kusukela lo mkhiqizo wawa wonke amakilasi: abacebile, abalimi abampofu futhi phakathi.

Kodwa phesheya rye isinkwa wadla amakilasi kuphela ephansi, t. E. kwezinhlanu yabantu abampofu kakhulu. ERussia, isimo sengqondo esihluke ngokuphelele ukuba lo mkhiqizo. Black isinkwa sasibhekwa njengophawu lokuthi ngokuphelele bendabuko. Mhlawumbe kwakungenxa yokuthi isimo sezulu esihle ngoba rye kunokuba nezinye izitshalo.

Ekhulwini lweshumi nane-wetshumi lanhlanu eRussia kwakukhona kakade izinhlobo eziningi nje enjalo isinkwa: Borodino, Ukhastadi, Krasnoselsky. Lezi izindlela ziye zalondolozwa futhi namanje, lapho beza kithi wangaleyo nkathi ezikude.

Rye isinkwa - eqotho kakhulu futhi unempilo. It kwehlisa cholesterol, amazinga kashukela egazini. Inhlanganisela fibre futhi ayabila kudala microflora lesifanele.

esikhundleni isiphetho sendaba

Njengoba ubona ngaso sonke isikhathi ngesisekelo amandla bekulokhu isinkwa njalo. Breads manje ahlukahlukene ngempela, wonke umuntu angakwazi ukukhokhela ukukhetha uhlobo olufanele, okusekelwe izidingo zomzimba.