Isiteleka Zonke-Russian zezombusazwe ngo-Okthoba, 1905:. incazelo, umlando, ukusebenza kanye ezithakazelisayo amaqiniso

Kusukela ngo-January 1905 kuya ku-June 1907 Empire isiRashiya, izenzakalo zenzeka, okubhekiselwe kuyo emlandweni inguquko yokuqala Russian. Umfutho isinyathelo mass kwaba Bloody Sunday. Esesizokuhlola ukuqala indlela Zonke-Russian isiteleka zezombusazwe ngo-Okthoba.

indaba

Januwari 9 amabutho imperial kwabulawa ababhikishi obunokuthula Petersburg. Kusukela kulo mzuzwana ukunyakaza isiteleka isibe emikhulu. Ukungahlaliseki nokuvukela lwaluqala Navy futhi Army. I ukunganeliseki abantu kuholele umbhikisho mass ngokumelene autocracy. Umphumela Strike Okthoba Zonke-Russian bezombangazwe 1905 kwaba ukwamukelwa Manifesto.

izimfanelo

Kungani uqale isiteleka zezombusazwe zonke-Russian ngo-Okthoba 1905? Usuku lapho lezi zenzakalo ezichazwe okwenzeka, kwaqondana ukwehla kwezinga lezimboni eziqine, iziyaluyalu kule scheme of kwegazi lemali, ukungakhuli kwezitshalo nokusukuma debt umphakathi. Zonke lezi zici ziye zaba zimbi isidingo sokuguquka kuhulumeni. ukulima Imali yokukhokhela ukudla, okuyinto wathatha isihluthulelo lizwe, kwakufanele athathe indawo yesibili. Inkathi ukuthuthukiswa kwamabubulo olunzulu, ukwethulwa ezindleleni ezintsha kanye nobuchwepheshe. Konke lokhu kwakudinga izinguquko ezinkulu kule izinhlelo zokuphatha kanye nezomthetho.

Ukudalwa umsebenzi okhethekile

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, i-Okthoba Zonke-Russian Strike bezombangazwe 1905 lasabela abantu izenzakalo Januwari 9. Ngemva ukudutshulwa ababhikishi obunokuthula njengoba uNgqongqoshe likhishwa le Svyatopolk-Mirsky. Ngesikhathi okuthunyelwe futhi salandelwa Bulygin. Iposi elisha soMbusi-Jikelele Petersburg, wamiswa njengelungu zofuzo. Trepov. Januwari 29, uNicholas II yakhipha umyalo wokuba kwi ukwakheka umsebenzi okhethekile, okwakubekelwa eliholwa Senator Szydlowski. Inhloso yaleli umzimba sasiphuthuma ukucacisa izimbangela wokunganeliseki abantu abasebenza Petersburg nasezindaweni ezizungezile, futhi ukuqedwa kwabo okwalandela. Njengoba amalungu ekomidi kumele baqokwe abanikazi kwemboni, izikhulu zikahulumeni kanye namasekela abasebenzi '. Okudingekayo ukuthi lalifuna esidlule sekuthiwe inadmissible. Februwari 20 Szydlowski zethula umbiko nenkosi. Kuyo, wavuma ukwehluleka salo msebenzi. Ngosuku olufanayo isimemezelo senkosi ke yahlakazeka.

Injabulo yokuqala

Ngemva kwezenzakalo-January 9 ezweni lonke kwaba negagasi iziteleka. 12-14 Januwari. Riga futhi Warsaw yabamba umbhikisho mass ngokumelene nokudutshulwa abasebenzi Petersburg. Ukushaya ukunyakaza zaqala ukungena ujantshi Russia. Spring yokuvukela bajoyinwa abafundi. Ngo-May lowacala isiteleka Ivanovo-Voznesensk abasebenzi yendwangu. Emadolobheni amaningi ezimbonini waqala ukwakha uMkhandlu lokuqala amasekela abasebenzi. tembangave babe izingxabano eziyinkimbinkimbi kazwelonke. Ngakho, eCaucasus babe nokuhilizisana Armenia Azerbaijanis.

izenzo normative soMthetho woHulumeni

Zonke-Russian isiteleka zezombusazwe ngo-Okthoba kunesokuqala sase siqalile ukuvunguza kwezimo abasebenza ngaphansi kwazo esishubile nomphakathi. Februwari-18 okuthiwa i-monarch yanyatheliswa wezinhloso ukushaya zokuqeda ngecala elingamanga lokuvukela umbuso ukuqinisa autocracy. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Umkhandlu Wezigele selidlulile umthetho owawuvumela ukukhonza e igama iziphakamiso eNgophezukonke okuhloswe ngayo ukwenza ngcono uhlelo sokuphatha ezweni. Bulygin Yalwa sasayinwa rescript. It wayala ukulungiselela umthetho emzimbeni omele - le Duma. Konke lokhu izenzo ngendlela ethile iqondiswe ukunyakaza eminye nomphakathi. City Duma yesifunda zemstvo, izinhlangano ezehlukene zochwepheshe nezihlakaniphi, abanye abaholi baqala ukuxoxa ngodaba ukuluchitha abantu umthetho. Kwakheka isilinganiso mass emzimbeni esungulwe Bulygin. Saqala esebenzayo ingxenye amaphrojekthi sicelosikhalo ukuguqulwa. Zemstvos ihlelwe ezintathu Congress (February, April, May). Ngesikhathi yokugcina khona kuwo izikhulu edolobheni. Lokhu Congress luqedwe ZAMANJE nkosi isicelo Ukumelwa of the People. Apreli 17 inkosi wakhipha isimemezelo ekuqiniseni izisekelo ukubekezelelana. Lowo Mbhalo wangonyaka we wavunyelwa ukuba amuke yenkolelo kwenye inkolo. Ekuqaleni kuka-August, uNicholas II sisungula State Duma. elithi Wakhe nomhlangano - kungakapheli maphakathi no-January 1906 Ngesikhathi esifanayo ke sivunyiwe amalungiselelo okhethweni. Nokho, kusukela 4 kwezinkambiso yeningi eziyisisekelo practice ke waqalwa, eyodwa kuphela - a ivoti eliyimfihlo. Ukhetho babengezona jikelele noma elilingana noma ngqo.

isiteleka zezombusazwe Zonke-Russian ngo-Okthoba (usuku)

Reform uhulumeni akazange ukwaneliseka uquqaba. UNicholas II akazange abonise isithakazelo ngokwanele ukuze silondoloze ohlelweni autocratic. Zonke-Russian isiteleka zezombusazwe ngo-Okthoba lithumbe ezimbonini ezihlukahlukene. A indima ebalulekile ukulungiswa isiteleka kudlalwa amaBolshevik. Emisebenzini yayo, bancika izinqumo ezithathwe eceleni Congress. Ukuze ukuhlela imibhikisho mass futhi wabonisa sesitimela Union. Ngo-September 19, kuqale isiteleka kwezomnotho we amaphrinta eMoscow. Yakhula yaba ku abameleli mass izibhelu ukuzibonakalisa ezahlukene. Ngasekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba, iBhodi koKhomishane ziye zabangelwa YaseMoscow railwaymen, abanyathelisi, Metalworkers, ababazi, Tabachnik. Imihlangano kanye imibuthano ekusekeleni abasebenzi ehlanganiswa, nezinye izikhungo yezimboni. AmaBolshevik wazama ukuhumusha iziteleka kwezomnotho ku injabulo zezombusazwe, futhi uncoordinated - abasesitelekeni ezweni ngobubanzi. Wonke umuntu uyenqaba ujantshi yashesha kakhulu kule nqubo.

Inkambo isiteleka

6.10 Umhlangano abamele izinhlangano kwamaBolshevik kwezigaba eziningana YaseMoscow ujantshi okuhlangana sekunqunyiwe ukuqalisa isiteleka lonke. Kusihlwa ngalolo suku iKomiti RSDLP wabiza kutelekwa ukuze 7.10. Ligcwale zonke izinkinobho w / d iphayiphi ivela eMoscow. Ngalo lolo suku eMzini Conference of the amaBolshevik yokutholwa isinqumo ukumemezela isiteleka zonke eMoscow. Zonke-Russian isiteleka zezombusazwe ngo-Okthoba wathatha ngezinga elikhulu. Isiteleka saqala ngemva eMoscow Petersburg, bese amadolobha. Ngu 17.10 zonke-Russian Okthoba isiteleka zezombusazwe ikhubazeke traffic zonke kojantshi besitimela kuleli zwe. Emadolobheni amakhulu rose izitshalo, izimboni, iziteshi zikagesi nezokuthutha. Ngayeka ukusebenza okuthunyelwe, yocingo, izikole, izitolo kanye nezinye izikhungo. Isiteleka abathintekayo abasebenzi embonini yezimayini, wesitimela abasebenzela, abafundi, izisebenzi zombuso, abasebenzi endaweni yokukhanda. Inani zabantu eziye zafinyelela kuso 2 Mill. Kuyo imiboniso kuyenziwa imibuthano. Esikhathini iVolga esifundeni, emazweni aseBaltic, eCaucasus, abaningi babo usukhulile izibhelu ngqo amabutho amaphoyisa. Zonke-Russian isiteleka zezombusazwe ngo-Okthoba, ngamafuphi, manje ukuphishekela umgomo ofanayo - ukuqeda autocracy. Izinkumbi wamavukelambuso waqala ukwakha nemikhandlu amasekela Petersburg, Ekaterinoslav nakwamanye amadolobha. Saqala ukwakha izinyunyana Yaroslavl, Vilnius, Tbilisi, Riga. Ukuzama kubamba umhlangano lomkhulu webantfu Duma entsha autocracy wabhuntsha.

Iphuzu elithakazelisayo

Ngesikhathi sesiteleka, kwashona amaBolshevik ngempela ngempumelelo ukusebenza kwenqubomgomo Bloc ngakwesokunxele. It yayihloselwe ukwakheka jikelele yeningi phambi mbuso ka silwa uhulumeni tsarist ngaphansi kobuholi sabasebenzi. Emadolobheni amaningi amakhulu kwamiswa sokusebenzisana isiteleka amakomiti. Abanye "echezuka kwesokunxele" Liberals amangalelwe, ngakolunye uhlangothi, usekelo isiteleka, futhi ngakolunye - wonke amabutho ababephikisana yokukhuphuka isiyaluyalu kwavukelwa ahlomile.

izenzo zikahulumeni

Autocracy sizame yokuvimbela isiteleka lizwe-wide yokucindezelwa. Umbusi-jikelele Petersburg, Trepov wayala amaphoyisa nakwezempi ukuba onga cartridges, ekuqedeni amavukelambuso. Nokho, uhulumeni wehlulekile ukuvimbela isiteleka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, injabulo kwaba ngo ibutho ngokwalo. Uhulumeni, ngakho-ke, wawungenawo amandla ukucindezela inguquko. Isimo uye wazakhela ibhalansi ezithile. Wabhala ngesikhathi ukuthi autocracy ayisekho, njengoba lapho kugumbuqelwa umbuso akakabi ngokwanele ukunqoba amandla. Ngenxa yalokho, iziphathimandla baphoqeleka ukuba athambise isandla. Okthoba 17, 1905 usayine Manifesto, okuyinto yibhange kwenkululeko civil. Kule ncwadi, uNicholas II futhi wathembisa ukuba aqaphele amalungelo zezomthetho Duma. Nokho, imiphumela Zonke-Russian isiteleka zezombusazwe ngo-Okthoba akazange aneliseke amaBolshevik. Edalula ubuzenzisi falsity we autocracy, wabaholi ngibiza okuhlaselayo entsha ukulwa nombuso tsarist.

Ukugcwaliswa zezinxushunxushu

Ngemva kwemukelwa Manifesto leKomiti eMoscow, ubuswa Liberals, wakhipha umyalelo sokuqeda isiteleka. 22,10 isiteleka wayeka eMoscow. Ezindaweni eziningi zezwe futhi nojantshi bezitimela isiteleka waqhubeka kwaze kwaba ngosuku lwesi-25, futhi kwezinye izindawo - kuze kube Novemba ukusebenza. Njengoba base bethole ukwesekwa abamele onxiwankulu nesandla esivulekile, owamukela Manifesto njengoba ekuqaleni dlela nokuThuthukiswa koMthethosisekelo, uhulumeni waqala okuhlaselayo esiwujuqu wabaholi. Lonke izwe embozwe izibhelu futhi ezingabekwa zokucindezelwa kwalabo bantu.