Isitshalo se-Strawberry (sitrobheli) Mara de Bois: ukubuyekezwa, incazelo yebanga, isithombe

Ngokuvamile kaningi, abathandi banake izinhlobonhlobo ze-strawberries. Phela, akekho ozoyeka ukudla iberry elimnandi ehlobo noma ekwindla. Sekuyiminyaka eminingi i-hybrid ikhulile - ama-strawberries futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ama-strawberries, ama-Mara de Bois ahlukahlukene.

Incazelo yokuhlukahluka

Isihlahla sihle, siphansi, sifinyelele ku-20 cm, simile, sinamaqabunga amaningi. Aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka embala, ohlanzekile, osayizi ophakathi. Leli pheshana alinalutho.

I-peduncles ingaphansi kwehlathi. Kuneziningi zazo. Ngakho-ke, isivuno singaphezu kwe-strawberry ejwayelekile iMara de Bois. Isisindo samajikijolo owodwa sisilinganiso, kusuka ku-18 kuya ku-26 g. Manje izinhlobo ezinamajikijolo amakhulu zidalwa. Ngokukhethwa kwabo, le sitrobheli (ebangeni laseMara de Bois) nayo isetshenziswe. Incazelo yamajikijolo athi ahlangene kahle. Umbala ubomvu obomvu, okujwayelekile okwenziwa ama-strawberries. Amajikijolo ayenamabala. Yini ehlukile kwezinye izinhlobo ze-strawberries Mara de Bois? Amazwana abalimi bathi kuyiphunga elimnandi kakhulu futhi elimnandi. Lezi zimfanelo azihloli ngisho nangenxa yezikhukhula ezinamandla. Futhi esimweni sezulu esishisayo, kungcono kakhulu. Kuyathandeka okumnandi futhi kumuncu. Ubukhulu bezinhlobonhlobo bufana nama-strawberries, kanye nenambitheka nephunga le-strawberries.

I-Strawberry Mara de Bois (isithombe esinikezwe kulesi sihloko) siqala ukuvuthwa ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi noma ekuqaleni kwehlobo (kuye ngokuthi isifunda). Ukuvuthwa nokuvuthwa kwamajikijolo kuyaqhubeka kuze kube seqhwa. Futhi emhlabathini ovaliwe, i-strawberries Mara de Bois ingakhula futhi ithele izithelo ngisho nobusika. Incazelo yezinhlobonhlobo, izibuyekezo zithi entwasahlobo nasekwindla amajikijolo akhulu, futhi phakathi kwehlobo, kancane. Ngokuvamile kuyinkathi yokushisa okukhulu.

Ukudala ezihlukahlukene

Ukudalwa kweMara de Bois ezihlukahlukene kuyimbangela yomsebenzi omude nobuhlungu wabalimi baseFrance. Iphunga ama-strawberries, ngoba ekudalweni kwayo kwasetshenziswa izinhlobo zamajikijolo ehlathi. Futhi usayizi nobukhulu obuthola kusuka ku-strawberries.

I-Mara de Bois eFrance ibhekwa njengenye yezingcono kakhulu futhi ibhekisela ezinhlobonhlobo ze-strawberries zekhwalithi ejwayelekile. Amajikijolo asetshenziswe.

Ungakhula endaweni yokushisa, ukushisa okushisa. Isihlahla sihle kakhulu, ngakho-ke sisetshenziselwa ukuhlobisa igceke, ingadi.

Ukuhlukahluka kukaMara de Bois akuyona into entsha. Ngokwesisekelo, ososayensi sebevele bakwazi ukudala izingane eziningi. Ngakho-ke, isibonelo, iManila ehlukahlukene isekelwe ezihlukahlukene zamaMara de Bois. It kugcina iphunga of the progenitor, kodwa une amajikijolo ngaphezulu.

Ukukhiqiza

Izinhlobo ezivame ukuguqulwa ama-strawberries zikhiqiza ambalwa ama-rosettes wokukhiqiza. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuhle, ngoba akudingeki ukususwe. Kodwa ukukhiqiza kubi. Ngemuva kwalokho, ukuthola izihlahla ezintsha kuzoba nzima kakhulu.

Kodwa ezihlukahlukene zikaMara de Bois azihlupheki ngokuntuleka kwamadevu okukhiqiza. Ukuze ama-rosette amasha abe mkhulu, phina ezinye iziqu. Lokhu kuzonciphisa isivuno samajikijolo, kodwa ukwandisa inani lokutshala impahla. Nakuba kungani kuzokwehlisa? Ngempela, ama-rosettes ama-strawberries anika izithelo kusukela ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila!

I-strawberry yelanga lokungathathi hlangothi

Ama-strawberries aphethwe, noma ukukhanya kwelanga okungathathi hlangothi, athole leli gama ngenxa yokuthi imifino yayo ihlelwa nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sokukhanya kwelanga. Ngokungafani nezinhlobo ezejwayelekile, lapho lokhu kwenzeka kuphela ebangeni elithile.

I-strawberries ephelile iqhuma kamuva kunezinhlobonhlobo zakuqala, ngakho-ke akulona okwesabekayo kwentwasahlobo yeqhwa frosts.

Ama-strawberries aphethwe futhi ama-strawberries afuna kakhulu izimo ezikhulayo. Ngemuva kwalokho, ziveza izithelo sonke isikhathi, zinikeza wonke amandla azo ukwakheka nokuvuthwa kwamajikijolo. Ngakho-ke, amahlumela kudingeka adliwe njalo nge-potassium ne-nitrogen fertilizer.

Naphezu kwalezi zinkinga ezikhulayo, izinhlobo zokulungisa ziyaziwa kakhulu. Emva kwakho konke, ekupheleni kwenkathi yokusabalalisa i-strawberries ithola kancane kancane, ngifuna ukuzama into entsha ngokushesha. Kodwa eduze ekwindla, wonke umuntu uyodla ngenjabulo izithelo zalo ezimnandi.

Amajikijolo ezinhlobonhlobo zanamuhla zokulungisa ama-strawberry zikhule zibe ngu-50 g nokuningi. Kodwa ama-strawberry Mara de Bois akhiqiza kancane.

Fruiting

Ukulungisa izinhlobo kunamandla kakhulu. Ziqhakaza futhi zithwala amagagasi ezithelo, okuyinto ama-strawberry angase abe nawo amabili, kodwa amathathu noma amane.

Ngisho neyokuqala kwentwasahlobo ye-fruiting izithelo zamajikijolo afana nalawo angewona ama-montane izinhlobo, cishe ingxenye yesikilogram. Same kanye nesitrobheli Mara de Bois. Incazelo yezinhlobonhlobo kubonisa ukuthi amajikijolo ahlelwe engxenyeni emigqeni eminingi, umthombo.

Ukulungiselela isayithi

Endaweni eyodwa, ama-strawberry akufanele akhule iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-4. Ngemuva kokuthi isayithi idinga ushintsho lwesiko. Lokhu kuzonikeza ithuba lokukhipha izinambuzane nezifo ezibuthelwa enhlabathini ngenkathi kukhula ama-strawberries.

Kuyiminyaka emine ukungahlali ngokuphelele ngaphandle kwamajikijolo, udinga ukushintsha njalo isiko engxenyeni yesakhiwo. Kukhona ubuchwepheshe obuhlukahlukene obukhulayo. Isibonelo, amasokhethi adluliselwa endaweni ephakathi kwemigqa. Kodwa okwamanje isikhathi eside esigabeni esisodwa se-sitrobheli ngeke sikhule.

Ukulungiswa komhlaba

Emasontweni amathathu, ama-fertilizer ayafakwa enhlabathini. Ngokujwayelekile i-humus noma i-compost ngezinga le-ibhakede elingu-1 imitha ngayinye kanye ne-50 g yezimila eziyinkimbinkimbi zamaminerali.

Emhlabathini onesihlabathi, i-boric acid (isixazululo esinamandla esiphuthumayo) kumele siphonswe kanye ngonyaka, nangomhlabathi we-lime - nesisombululo esifanayo se-manganese kanye ne "Tsitovit" (equkethe i-zinc). Khona-ke izitshalo zizokwazi ukuthola izinto eziyinkimbinkimbi zezinto eziwusizo.

Gcwalisa umquba emhlabathini kuze kube yi-25 cm ejulile. Ngaphambi kokutshala izithombo, amaqembu aguqulwe e-bayonet.

Ukufika

Tshala izitshalo ezincane entwasahlobo, ngo-Ephreli-Meyi, kuye ngokuthi indawo yezulu. Kwezinye izindawo ezisenyakatho, ukutshala kungenziwa ekuqaleni kuka-Juni. Udinga ukugxila ekushiseni ngalesi sikhathi futhi kungenzeka ukuphuza. Emva kwakho konke, ngokuvamile amahlumela amancane, atshalwe sekwephuzile, aphele ngenxa yokuntuleka komswakama, engenaso isikhathi sokuthatha izimpande.

I-Mara de Bois iyakuthanda kakhulu izindawo zelanga. Kukhona lapho kungathola ukushisa okwanele nokukhanya ukuze izithelo zawo zizuze ukunambitheka nesici sezithelo zehlathi.

Ibanga eliphakathi kwezihlahla emgqeni lingama-30 cm, futhi phakathi kwemigqa - okungenani ama-40 cm. Ngaphambi kokutshala, kubalulekile ukuthi ubone izitshalo, ususe izimpande eziphukile futhi ezilimele. Khona-ke indawo enqunyiwe iphathwa ngomlotha.

Watshala ukuze iphuzu lokukhula lingabi ngaphansi komhlaba.

Izitshalo ezitshaliwe ziyanisela futhi zimbozwe ngendwangu ebanzi. Lokhu kungaba utshani, utshani obuncotshiwe, u-sawdust obuncane obungenani u-7 cm. Ifilimu emnyama ivame ukusetshenziswa. Kodwa phezu kwenhlabathi yobumba, ukusetshenziswa kwayo kungaholela ekuhlanganiseni okuqinile kwenhlabathi.

I-mulch izovikela izitshalo ekukhanyeni kwelanga, ukugcina umswakama emhlabathini. Ezimweni ezinjalo kulula ukugxila kuma rosettes amancane. Yebo, kanti ukhula luhamba ngokungafani kaningi.

Ukulima

Ukukhathazeka ekukhuleni ama-strawberries Mara de Bois. Ukubuyekezwa kwabalimi abaningi kubonisa ukuthi abakwazi ukuthola umphumela omuhle.

Ukuze i-strawberries ephumelelayo ikhule idinga ukushisa, ilanga (imvula ayilimazi) nomanyolo ohlala njalo. Uma ungenalo ithuba lokuhlinzeka ngokugqoka okujwayelekile, kungcono ukungatshali izinhlobo ezinjalo, kodwa ukukhula ekuseni, okuphakathi nesikhathi sekwephuzile.

Esikhathini esingekho Emhlabeni WaseNtsundu nasenyakatho ye-sitrobheli, iMara de Bois ikhule ngaphansi kwefilimu, kungenjalo amajikijolo ngeke abe nesikhathi sokuvuthwa futhi isivuno ngeke sibe sesincane.

Esikhathini sokushisa noma ezindaweni ezifudumele, i-Mara de Bois isobhoji singakhula ngo-trellis. Phela, i-rosettes eyakhiwe kulo nyaka ithwala izithelo kahle.

Ukunisela

Akayithandi amanzi amajikijolo kanye nendawo yedrosette yama-strawberry Mara de Bois. Amazwana ngabalimi athi bayayinisela nxazonke zesitshalo noma basebenzisa ukuchelela kokunisela. Qinisekisa ukuthi ulele isigaba somthunzi.

Ukunakekela

Iqukethe ukuhlwanyela ukhula, ukuchelela, ukutshala izitshalo nokupomfa kusuka ezinambuzane nezifo.

Ukubhekana nokhula kuzokusiza u-mulch, ongakuvumeli ngaphandle komunye oneminyaka eyodwa. Futhi ukhula olungapheli alunzima. Ngakho-ke, ukhula olunjengokuhlwanyela-amathambo, kungcono ukusika ngezikhathi ezithile umcibisholo we-flat-top Fokine. Ungesabi ukuthi bazoqala ukushayela. Uma ukwenza ngokujulile ngokwanele futhi kaningi, khona-ke ziyanyamalala.

Ungasebenzisa i-herbicides ekhethiwe, kodwa ngalesosikhathi yonke ikhemistri izoba etafuleni lakho. Ngakho-ke, ngokugqama okuqinile, kungcono ukucubungula isayithi okungenani unyaka owodwa ngaphambi kokutshala ama-strawberries.

Ukugqoka okuphezulu

Ukondla izitshalo kuqala ngemuva kokuqala futhi kuqale ukukhipha amaqabunga amasha. Izihlahla ezikhula esakhiweni hhayi ngomnyaka wokuqala, ziphuziswa ngomanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi, zichithe ngamanzi. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, udinga i-nitrogen engaphezulu.

Ukudinga kakhulu umanyolo wama-strawberries Mara de Bois. Abalimi bezimvo kanye nabalimi beloli bathi ziphindwe kabili ngenyanga, ukuchelela izitshalo ngekhambi le-mullein yangempela (ilitha elilodwa lekhambi ngalinye ibhakede lamanzi).

Ungathenga isilondolozi esilungiselelwe isikhathi eside (isibonelo, Osmokot). Ama-8-9 amagranule angcwatshwa embuthaneni kude no-8-10 cm kusukela enkabeni yesitshalo.

Phakathi nokwakheka kwefihlekile okufakwe umanyolo ngemali elinganayo ye-nitrogen, i-phosphorus ne-potassium. Umanyolo we-potassium uthinta inombolo kanye nekhwalithi yezinyawo.

Izitshalo zokukhanya kwelanga azihambisani nezifo. Uhlobo olufanayo lwe-strawberry Mara de Bois. Amazwana abalimi bathi baphatha imibhede izikhathi ezimbili ngonyaka, ngaphambi kokuzimbali kanye nangemva kwayo. Ukuze ufefaze, inhlanganisela yezinambuzane kanye namafungicide kuthathwa.

Ukulawula izinambuzane nezifo

I-Strawberry Mara de Bois imelana kabi nabo. Incazelo, ubufakazi bubonisa ukuthi cishe akuthinteki yi-powdery isikhutha. Kodwa indawo enombala enamandla inganciphisa kakhulu isivuno. Ngakho-ke, ngokucubungula ama-strawberries ezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo, kuhle futhi ukuthatha izinhlobonhlobo zikaMara de Bois.

Entwasahlobo, emva kokuvuna insimu kusuka emaqabeni endala, izitshalo ziphathwa nge-patch brown ("Kurzat"). Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kuyasiza ukusebenzisa i-Bordeaux liquid. Kudingekile ukukwenza kuze kube yilapho izitshalo ziqala ukuthuthukisa. Ukuwa amaqabunga amancane kungaholela ekushiseni.

Uma intwasahlobo ivula imvula, khona-ke ingozi yokutheleleka kwamajikijolo nge-gray rot iyanda. Ukuhlupheka okuvela kuye kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zama-strawberries Mara de Bois. Imibono yabalimi ithi ukuvimbela isitshalo kungelashwa "Umvuthwandaba" ngesikhathi sokuvuna.

Ezindaweni ezindala, ukupuniza kwenziwa ngezinyathelo ezintathu. Okokuqala lapho izimbali ziqala kuphela, kanti okugcina - uma kufika ku-80% yazo zonke izifihlekile kuzoqhakaza. Lezi zinto ziphansi kakhulu ezinobuthi futhi zisuswa ngokushesha kuzo zonke izingxenye zesitshalo.

Ehlobo kungcono ukusebenzisa imikhiqizo yezinto eziphilayo, njenge "Trichodermin", "Fitoverm". Uma uhlezi ensimini ye-Trichogram, awukwazi ukuyifaka ngamakhemikhali kuze kube sekupheleni kwenkathi.

Ebusika

Ama-strawberry ama-Mara de Bois abhekisela ezinhlobonhlobo ezibandayo. Ukubukeza kusho ukuthi ngaphezulu kwama-90% wehlathi kubekezelela ubusika ngamaqhwa ajwayelekile.

Ukubuyekeza

Akuzona zonke ezikhula kahle futhi zithela izithelo zensibheri Mara de Bois. Ukubuyekezwa kuthi akunikezi imiphumela evamile kulezo zifunda eziphakathi, lapho ezinye izinhlobo zibonisa khona kahle, isibonelo, esifundeni sase-Orenburg. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ekuqaleni kukhona amaqhwa. Futhi isihlahla sigcwele amajikijolo ngalesi sikhathi. Ngakho-ke, imibhede kudingeka ivikeleke. Uma kungenjalo, amajikijolo ayolahleka ngaphansi kweqhwa leqhwa.

Abaningi balimi abawazi ukunambitheka kwama-strawberry ama-Mara de Bois, kodwa bengakawutshali endlini yabo, bahlele ukugcina lezi zihlahla ezivuthiwe.