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Isizukulwane sokuqala amakhompyutha: esizoqala

Ngolimi lwesiNgisi, igama elithi "i-computer" kusho "ikhompyutha". Kuyinto ngenhloso yokufeza izibalo eziyinkimbinkimbi, amakhompyutha bokuqala babedalwe.

Umlando computer, njengoba kungase kubonakale, elisuka endulo. Yiqiniso, amathuluzi lokuqala yezamakhompyutha ayiyi ngokuqinile nanoma ikuphi ukuqhathaniswa zanamuhla, kodwa nabo, futhi donsa dalo ubuchwepheshe bama-computer. Ithuluzi lokuqala esisiza abantu ukuba bacabange kahle aziwa wonke ama-akhawunti.

abhakhasi sidilizwa kuyinto ipuleti lokhuni, isihlabathi wafafaza. ERussia, njengoba iyithuluzi eliyinhloko izibalo ezilula futhi computations esetshenziswa ithambo ubola ku yinqwaba. Nokho, kusukela ngo-ukuba khona Russia uyothatha amakhulu eminyaka amaningi ngaphambi sithola eduze ukudalwa computer.

Isizukulwane sokuqala amakhompyutha elihlobene ne amagama John von Neumann, Claude Shannon futhi Alan Turing - imfundiso kaZiqu lokufaneleka ngqo ekuthuthukiseni ubuchwepheshe bama-computer. Iningi lokuqala amakhompyutha zadalwa esikhathini kusukela ngo-1945 kuya ku-1954 njengoba UCWANINGO ukuhlola ezinye izikhundla theory. Ngesikhathi esifanayo uthola intuthuko entsha, kuhlobane ngokuqondile yelwati, isayensi - cybernetics. Kuze kube 60s kwekhulu lama-20 ngaphansi cybernetics ashiwoyo, isayensi ephathelene ne-ukuthuthukiswa ubuchwepheshe bama-computer, kuhlanganise isiqondiso salo ethembisayo - amarobhothi futhi yokufakelwa intelligence icebo. Isizukulwane sokuqala amakhompyutha sidalwe esekelwe umsebenzi cleaner amashubhu (ezifana nalezo ezazisetshenziselwa ukwenza e namathelevishini amadala), amakhompyutha, maphakathi no-20 leminyaka, yafinyelela ngezabelo ezinkulu, ekamelweni elihlukile ezidingekayo ukuze ajabulise zona.

Ukuvela computer ihlanganisa izigaba ezinhlanu eziyisisekelo. Kungani kungenzeka ukuba kubhekwe iyona inkathi isizukulwane sokuqala amakhompyutha? Asazi acabangele kokusungulwa yezamakhompyutha wawobaba lasendulo, njengoba nje kuvamile namanje, eqinisweni, abanalo maqondana ukuvela ubuchwepheshe bama-computer. Ukudalwa amakhompyutha kuqala, okuyinto sibonelo computer yesimanje, kuqakathekile bona isayensi ezinjalo, njengoba isayensi, sisonke.

Izigaba yentuthuko computer:

  • 1945-1954, idolobha - ukudalwa i-computer yokuqala esekelwe ukwakhiwa kwezinhlaka computer nguJohane von Neumann - isizukulwane sokuqala amakhompyutha;
  • 1955-1964, idolobha - ukudalwa isizukulwane lwamakhompyutha esekelwe transistors yesibili, ekuzigcwaliseni ohlelweni lokusebenza lokuqala, ukuthuthukisa izilimi inhlelo Cobol, Algol, Fortran, ukuvela amakhompyutha ukudayiswa;
  • 1965-1974, idolobha - kokusungulwa microchip okugcina ukwaziswa abelokhu, ekuqaleni ukusetshenziswa inkumbulo Semiconductor (RAM) e-computer, ekuqaleni ukukhiqizwa emikhulu lwamakhompyutha.

Nakuba kusukela ngo-1975 kuya 1985 inkathi uzinzo ukuthuthukiswa electro-computer.

Kusukela 1985 kwaqala inkathi ezizukulwane ezine-computer, ubuchwepheshe ngcono ikhompyutha ngokwandisa umthamo wayo futhi sinciphise ubukhulu kanye nekutfolakala ekukhiqizweni amakhompyutha.

Isizukulwane wesihlanu amakhompyutha ngokuya ososayensi Japanese kusikisela ngcono onobuhle ekhona zekhompyutha ukudalwa ubuchwepheshe bama-computer, ikhono ukuqonda imiyalo yomsebenzisi ezingeni yakhe yokucabanga. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ubani ayisebenzisa ngayo izinhlelo ezinkulu bezinto angaphandle noma cha, isizukulwane sokuqala amakhompyutha iye yaba nendima ebaluleke kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni ulwazi nobuchwepheshe ngekusasa. Amakhompyutha lokuqala, bangazihluphi ngezizathu omkhulu futhi kufanele senze monster yangempela, noma kunjalo, kuyinto sibonelo kuzo zonke PC evamile. Ngaphandle khona kwabo, kokusungulwa laptops, netbooks, amaphilisi, njll bekungeke kube khona.

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