Iskriphthi "isikhathi eside impela eLeningrad". "Diaries kweLeningrad ovinjezelwe". "Ukuvinjelwa Isinkwa Leningrad"

Bathi ukuthi ngubani akazi umlando, mina ophoqelelwe ukuphinda ke. Yingakho kubalulekile ukuze ukukhumbula, ngisho nezikhathi zayo ezimbi nezikhathi. Akungabazeki Lezi osebenza ukuvinjelwa Leningrad. Cishe 900 izinsuku izakhamuzi eziningi zakuleli dolobha siphila ezimweni zicatshangwe, uzama ibalekela amakhaza, indlala, ukumelana namaNazi. Ake sizame ukuqonda indlela efanele ukubhala lifilimu, "isikhathi eside impela eLeningrad". Kusho lokhu kuzwakale, okuyinto buthule futhi kanjani ukukhuluma ngalokhu isikhathi esibi emlandweni abafundi yesimanje Russian.

amaqiniso angokomlando

Ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukubhala zombhalo, anikezelwe nokuvinjezelwa kweLeningrad, kuyafaneleka ukukhumbula ukuthi lokhu ngoba esikhathini. Kwaba amaqiniso ezimbi, ubuqhawe zabantu abavamile kumele iboniswe kuwo.

Okokuqala, izakhamuzi zedolobha kwaze kwaba sekufeni kwakhe wakhumbula umnkantsha ngalobo busika zeminyaka 41-42. Ngalowo nyaka, yahlwithwa Ukushisa, indle ayisebenzanga, kwakungekho manzi in the empompini. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, izinga lokushisa ngaphandle akuvamile ahlule 18 °. ikhaya ukhululekile, ngenxa yalokho yaphendukela ibe vaults omkhulu abandayo, cishe kuwo. Lalondolozwa kuphela okuthiwa izitofu, okuqinile fuel esivuthayo izitofu. Ngenxa yokuntula izinkuni izincwadi ezinjalo kwakucatshangwa ukufuthelana isitofu, ifenisha kanye konke ezingase ushise.

Okwesibili, amaJalimane hhayi kuphela wathatha umuzi esiyingini isitha, kodwa njalo shelled kwachitheka amabhomu. Bangaphezu kuka-200 eziyinkulungwane amagobolondo namabhomu behliswa naphezu kwabakhileyo Leningrad.

Nokho, ngokusho izibalo, kusukela ukuqhuma kwamabhomu abulala abangaphezu kuka-3% wesibalo sabantu. Zonke ezinye wafa endlaleni Imininingwane. Leli qiniso kubalulekile iskripthi. Isikhathi eside impela eLeningrad waqala Septhemba 8, 1941. Ngaleso sikhathi, umuzi, isimiso, kwakungekho emthethweni. abanye baye baba ngokushesha kakhulu yindlala futhi lisetshenziswe ukudla:

• ufulawa glue (ababekufunde ngaphambili anamatheliswe lodonga);
• cellulose;
• lesikhumba izimpahla (jackets kanye amabhuzu ngemlilweni okuphekiwe);
• glycerol.

Nokuningi, kunzima ukucabanga manje. Yiqiniso, phezu kwetafula bese ithole ezifuywayo kanye slop amagundane.

Ukuvinjelwa Isinkwa Leningrad

ngokukhethekile kufanele kukhokhelwe isinkwa, okuyinto ngokweqashiso, phakathi izakhamuzi ngalezo zinsuku ezinzima. Ekuqaleni izinombolo umsebenzi zazimi kanje:

• abasebenzi wathola 600 amagremu isinkwa;
• abasebenzi - 400 amagremu;
• izingane - 300 amagremu.

Lokhu kwakuyinto evamile ukuba nosuku. Kulesi isinkwa alinikwa kude mahhala, kumele uthenge, ngisho nangesikhathi silapho kwaba nokuvinjelwa Leningrad. umcimbi simo kungaba uthembekile uma izwi ke leli qiniso.

Nokho, ekupheleni kuka-November, izinga engu-41 yehla ngamaphesenti angaphezu kuka ekabili:

1. Blue yaqala ukuthola 250 amagremu.
2. Izingane nalabo abancike - 125 amagremu.

Ngalolo esabekayo Disemba wafa endlaleni phezu kwabantu abayizinkulungwane 50. Ngemva kwalokho likhuphuke kancane.

Kulo nyaka, okuhleliwe a "isinkwa nokuvinjelwa Leningrad" emadolobheni amaningana Russian. Abantu bayakhuthazwa ukuhlala ngosuku 125 amagremu isinkwa. Kulokhu, umpheki wazama ngangokunokwenzeka lokuphinda iresiphi. Ingezwe inhlama sawdust, namagxolo kanye cellulose. Lo mkhankaso wathola njengoba abalandeli bakhe futhi ardent bangi.

Nokho, uma isabelomali ivumela, ungazama ukubhaka isinkwa ababukeli efanayo. Lokhu kuzokwenza simo uyaphila ngaphezulu. Isikhathi eside Leningrad - sikhathi esinzima kakhulu emlandweni wezwe lakithi ukukhuluma ngakho, usebenzisa kuphela amaqiniso nezibalo.

Amabhulogi ukuvinjelwa Leningrad

Iskripthi ukusiza avuselele izinkumbulo lofakazi. Nokho, kubalulekile ukuba ukhethe amavesi, agcine ukucwaninga. Too abasabayo ukufunda lezi amanothi. Ikakhulukazi uma kuziwa ezinganeni futhi intsha abaye bazama ukusinda ngesikhathi iJerusalema livinjezelwe.

yesikole eneminyaka engu-17 ubudala Yelena Mukhina wabhala ngamalungiselelo akhe ukuphila, ngamaphupho, ngezingxoxo zakhe nonina. Kodwa ngaphezu kwakho konke, wabhala mayelana indlala esabekayo. Futhi ngilindele lesi sikhathi sizophela:

"Ngizobuya ukuthenga ikhilogremu black isinkwa, ikhilogremu izaqathe, isigamu ilitha uwoyela ukotini, - kusho intombazane - naemsya ukuze satiety. Nakho-ke umama ubhake amaqebelengwane ezahlukene. " Kodwa ngisho nezifiso lelula akuzange kube njalo, umama ushonile.

Ukufunda Diaries kweLeningrad phama, wazi ukuthi kuncane kangakanani indoda kudingeka ukuphila nenjabulo. Kuyinto izinkumbulo lofakazi, ikakhulukazi izingane, ziwubufakazi bokuthi ukuba necala abesabekayo amaNazi ngokumelene abantu baseSoviet.

Esikhathini sethu, kukhona bezibona ukuthi abafundi akudingeki yazi nge namajenali efanayo. Kodwa, ngeshwa, sizungezwe idolobha babebaningi. Ngesikhathi eNuremberg nokulingwa yethulwa idayari oneminyaka engu-12 ubudala Tani Savichevoy. Kuyinto amarekhodi esabekayo 9 kuphela amashidi wephepha. Ngamunye wabo - isitatimende ngokufa kothandekayo. "Bonke bafa. Tanya wasala yedwa. "

Yingakho izingcaphuno Diaries kudingeka ungene isikripthi: "eside Leningrad".

Yini kungaba simo nokuvinjelwa?

Ngakho saya ngqo umbuzo we simo lomcimbi. Lapha kumelwe wazi ukuthi kukhona izinsuku ezimbili engiyolokhu:

• 8 Septhemba - usuku lapho Leningrad ubekade indandatho undlovukayiphikiswa;
• Januwari 27 - bephakamisa nokuvinjelwa.

Futhi khumbula udinga kokubili. Ngakho, kuhle ukucabangela bekungaba iyiphi simo: "Ukususa Siege kweLeningrad" futhi iskripthi :. "Ukuphila edolobheni lizungezwe"

Uma uhlela ukuba abhale ukugujwa wenkululeko, kungcono ukuba ukhethe ifomu elilandelayo:

1. Yenza umcimbi ekhonsathini.
2. Iqembu, vakashela umtapo wezincwadi.

Cishe 900 izinsuku zokuphila ku "indandatho" Kufanele ubonise:

1. Njengoba izindawo yisikhumbuzo hambo.
2. Zama kabusha ngesimo Ekwenza Umlingiswa imidlalo.

Makungabikho muntu kudidaniswe ngezwi "umdlalo". Kuyinto kuphela ngosizo le nqubo, ungakwazi ukuqonda kahle ukuthi kunzima kangakanani kwadingeka izakhamuzi ngalezo zinsuku ezimbi.

Kunoma yikuphi, kubalulekile ukukhuluma mayelana "umgwaqo wokuphila" ngaphesheya Lake Ladoga. Kungenxa ukumshumayeza sabantu waxoshelwa esuka kude impela eLeningrad, kanye ukudla amazwe edolobheni matasa kuwo.

Nokuvinjelwa endabeni engangiyidlala

Ukuze abonise ukuthi ukuvinjelwa kweLeningrad, iskripthi umcimbi kungcono ukwehlukana zibe izingxenye ezimbili. Esikhathini show kuqala namuhla, owesibili - ngesikhathi kubusa.

Top kungaba futhi ezimbili. Ake sithi indoda nowesifazane futhi:

Hola (kwabiwe uzakwabo). "Cishe ngehora ku-intanethi wakhetha ngcono esitolo imiqulu. Ngesinye ukulethwa ihora elilodwa kuphela, abanye bayenqaba ukuletha iziphuzo. Lena okwakwenzeka."

It kuvela intombazane, yesikole.

Girl. "Kusasa ngizokuya esikoleni. Ngesonto eledlule, sasizungezwe amaJalimane. Bashaya emafektri badayev. Bathi lapho kugcinwa ufulawa nezinye okusanhlamvu. Kodwa mina kuphela ukukhumbula Ukugibela" iyaguquguquka. "I Ukuvinjezelwa komuzi maduze phezu, futhi imikhiqizo kuzoletha. Kodwa lokhu Luhambo kuze kube sekupheleni impi ngeke "(ulwazi kusukela Diaries - inothi kombhali).

Ukuhola ngaleyo ndlela ongaphikisana nozakwethu, noma, kunalokho, ukumphikisa. umsebenzi wakhe ukuzwakalisa amaqiniso nezibalo:

Hola. "Ekuqaleni ukuvinjezelwa 2.5 million kwaba eLeningrad. Futhi ezingaphezu kuka-300 eziyinkulungwane yesifunda. Ngo asemthethweni ebhaliwe ukuthi umuzi wabantu ayizinkulungwane 650 babulawa. Nokho, ngemva bephakamisa ukuvinjezelwa angaphezu kancane kwengxenye yesigidi wahlala eLeningrad, ophilayo abantu."

Futhi ukwakha Ngokuphambene enjalo wonke simo. Lokhu kuzovumela umuntu ovamile yethusa ungene emkhathini nokuvinjelwa. Qhathanisa izinsuku zethu.

Lo mcimbi ngosuku ukususwa nokuvinjelwa

Script for "bephakamisa nokuvinjelwa Leningrad", ungaqala nge symphony Shostakovich sika lwesikhombisa. Ukuthi kuzwakala ekwindla unyaka 41-th e Philharmonic. Kakade isiphelile indlala ngamabhomu izakhamuzi waya ekhonsathini:

Hola. "UHitler okulungiselelwe umuzi amashwa ka" bawubhubhisa phansi ", -. Kungenziwa ukufunda namuhla idokhumenti declassified Ayikho isithakazelo enhlokodolobha kwamasiko eRussia okuthiwa Aryans akazange ukumela kakade 12 Okthoba 1941 amaJalimane babeqiniseka ukuthi akukho abantu abaphilayo ... bese kuthi-ke umculo uqalise.

Umsindo symphony yesi-7 Shostakovich. Inqobo nje uma umfundi uthi, enkundleni zandise abadlali ukudlala Leningrad, isosha. Hlala phansi ulalele.

Hola. "Dmitri Shostakovich eseqedile ukuloba symphony bakhe kakade omuzi azungeza amaJalimane."

Amasosha. "Angikwazanga bachitha usuku lonke umculo. Lolu suku kuyadingeka onqenqemeni. Kodwa ngangingakwazi ulalele ekhonsathini ihora elilodwa."

Hola. "Kamuva, e-Diaries lwamaNazi, sifunda ukuthi kwaba ngalesi ekhonsathini, baqaphela ukuthi Leningrad ngeke give up. Futhi baqinisile. Januwari 27, 1944 amaJalimane sebefulathele edolobheni. Lolu suku edume bakhulekela zonke izakhamuzi zanamuhla Petersburg."

Ngakho, ngalezo zinsuku ezimbi, abantu walalela umculo, waya e-zoo, izingane esikoleni. Sasisebenza ngaphandle amazinga amaningi ngesikhathi isitshalo, kokubili abadala kanye nabafundi. I ubuqhawe zabantu abavamile kubaluleke kakhulu iskripthi. Ukukhululwa Leningrad kusukela ukuvinjelwa Lwenziwe ngoba izakhamuzi akazange adikibale.

Iskriphthi zesikole

Odokotela bengqondo phikisana, kulokho yobudala ongamtshela izingane mayelana nokwesaba okwakudalwa yimpi. Futhi ezimayelana amaNazi bawuzingelezela umuzi. Kukholakala ukuthi ungakwazi ngobumnene baqala ukutshela ekilasini lesithathu.

Lapho ngineminyaka engu-9 izingane ubudala kakade baqonde ukuthi nokuvinjelwa Leningrad. umcimbi iskripthi esikoleni ngesikhathi esifanayo kufanele kube ethambile kunabantu abadala. Akukhona ewundabuzekwayo:

• ubuzimu;
• sadism ngamabomu;
• ubudlova.

Kodwa ngokuya olujwayelekile mayelana nesidingo ukusebenzisa ukutshela. Yini engenziwa kuleso simo:

1. Ukubona izindawo sikhunjulwe Leningrad.
2. Vakashela umtapo, lapho izithombe ukutshela mayelana nomcimbi.
3. Vakashela noma ukuhlela ikhonsathi elalinikezelwe ukuvinjelwa.

Omdala umfundi, acebile kuyoba uhlelo lomcimbi.

Trip noma Ekwenza Umlingiswa game

Isimo, anikezelwe usuku Leningrad ukuvinjelwa, ungalotshwa izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zomculo. Ngokwesibonelo, njengoba indaba umphenyi. Ungakwazi ukunikeza abafundi amahora ambalwa "ukuhlala kuyo emzini ovinjezelwe." Hamba esikoleni, emsebenzini, ukuthenga isinkwa, kanye zidlule nokuvinjelwa yezindawo eziyinhloko.

Lapho kuwufanele ngokuvakashela:

1. Le ndlu Tani Savichevoy (umugqa wesi-2 Vasilevsky Island, 13).
2. Etsheni lesikhumbuzo ukuze hero-schooler. Kuyaziwa ukuthi ngesikhathi sempi namaNazi ivaliwe umzimba Volodya Ermak isitha sekhefu. I amasosha aseSoviet nethuba ngokwabo ukuba phambili amaJalimane.
3. Ngo-zoo. Phakathi nempi kanye nokuvinjelwa abahlala emadolobheni aniyikudla nyama isilwane kusuka zoo. Kunalokho, senza konke okusemandleni ukuze sibasize ukusinda. Kwakunzima ngokukhethekile ku imvubu okuthiwa Belle. Ukuntuleka kwamanzi (njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, amanzi esisodwa wasebenza) wamesabisa ngokuthi uzombulala. Pool egcwele amanzi avela Belle iNeva.
4. Etsheni lesikhumbuzo ukuze abantwana bakwa-nokuvinjelwa (Square Street imali).
5. I "ohlangothini esiyingozi." Umuzi hung 4 amapuleti, exwayisa ngokuthi "lokhu ekuloluya hlangothi lomgwaqo," ayingozi kakhulu ngesikhathi shelling. Okwamanje, ibhodi wahlala phezu saseNevsky Prospekt.

Lena akuyona uhlu oluphelele izindawo ekhumbulekayo ukuthi ungavakashela. Uma ungenalo isikhathi ukuklama umzila wakho, ungasebenzisa iziqondiso St Petersburg inkonzo.

umtapo

Yiqiniso, kuyilapho Petersburg, kulula ukuzizwa ukuthi nokuvinjelwa Leningrad. izenzo wezincwadi zombhalo, ihlanganiswe ngesisekelo izinkumbulo, izinsalela amafilimu, kanye namaqiniso angokomlando, ngeke ukhulume le nkathi Abafundi abavela kwamanye amadolobha.

Oholela yezincwadi angasebenza. Inkulumo yokuqala mayelana nempi, iningi emzini ovinjezelwe, le ubuqhawe kweLeningrad. Ngemva kwendaba, ungabonisa-movie ngale nkathi. Ngokwesibonelo, obubhalwe Sergiya Loznitsy - "isikhathi eside impela eLeningrad". Tape ihlala imizuzu 17 kuphela, kodwa linikeza umqondo ocacile we sikhathi sasinzima kakhulu emlandweni wesizwe sethu.

Ungabese ukubuka nge yamaphephandaba ezivela emaphephandabeni kanye nomagazini. Hlelani Colloquilum ezincane (inkulumo). Funda amavesi yezimbongi yesikhathi. Futhi cishe umzuzu wokuthula.

Ngo ekhonsathini

Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, iskripthi yekhonsati "isikhathi eside impela eLeningrad" zingahlukaniswa zibe amabhlogo ezintathu:

• iculo nangemidanso;
• izinkondlo.
• izigcawu.

Kanjeyana they kuzobandakanya abafundi babo bonke ubudala uma kuziwa ezinganeni. Futhi abadala kulula ukuba ngiziqonde Imininingwane ngesimo ekhonsathini.

Izingoma mayelana edolobheni emsebenzini kusho okuningi. Uhlelo ekhonsathini kungathatha ethandwa kakhulu. Ngokwesibonelo, "Uhlelo Ballad kweLeningrad", "Immortal Leningrad", "The Ballad of noTane Savichevoy». Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungasebenzisa noma yikuphi lempi iculo 40s. Ngaphansi lezi zingoma kungenziwa amavidyo nezithombe edolobheni eboniswe, ukubeka umdanso, noma umane ukufeza abaculi abanethalente.

Amavesi ka ukuvinjelwa ngeke kube nzima ukuthola bese ukhetha okufanele. Uma umcimbi esikoleni, inganikeza thina izingane ngokufunda imisebenzi abawuthandayo.

Scenes kungabuye nhlobonhlobo. Njengoba besakhuluma, ungakwazi ukufunda Diaries futhi Umlando wabantu abaphila ngesikhathi iJerusalema livinjezelwe.

PS Kungani ukukhumbula lesi sikhathi?

Manje umuntu angakwazi ukuzwa ukuthi emzini impela eLeningrad (namuhla Petersburg) iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-70 edlule, ekhululwa umsebenzi. Futhi, mhlawumbe, kusho ukuthi sekuyisikhathi sokuba bayakhohlwa Lesi simo esidabukisayo. Kodwa kungcono into efanayo ukunikela Armenia ukukhohlwa ukuqothulwa kwesizwe kuka-1915 no amaJuda e-Auschwitz.

Kwakuyinkathi enzima futhi esabekayo. A cala ngokumelene umuzi wonke: amadoda ayo, abesifazane nezingane olungenakuzisiza. Khohlwa - kusho ukuthethelela. Nokho, kusukela iphuzu ngokwengqondo buka, asinayo ufanelwe ukuthethelela abanye. Over 630.000 efile (futhi lokho kumane nje izibalo ezisemthethweni).

Ngaphezu kokwesaba, nale nkathi emlandweni eziye zaziletha olukhulunywa kuwo ezweni ukholo. Isibindi futhi ubuqhawe. Shono echibini ezineqhwa liye labizwa ngokuthi "The Road of Life." Abantu kweLeningrad luye lwabonisa ukuthi kubalulekile ukulwa kuze kube sekugcineni. ESoviet Union alwa. Akwaziwa ukuthi ngabe kunjani yaphela ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe, uma kuwukuthi lesi nesibindi salabo namadoda abanesibindi komuzi esinamafu.