UmthethoUkuhambisana Wokulawula

ISO - Iyini? ISO

ISO - an international inhlangano engekho ngaphansi kukahulumeni, elaba khona ngo-1947. Inhloso yayo ukuthuthukisa namazinga omhlaba izimpahla namasevisi. Ake sicabangele lesi sikhungo - inhlangano ngokwayo, isidingo sokuba khona - futhi ucabangele ukuthi iyiso.

ISO - wukuthi enhlanganweni?

Namuhla-ke inamalungu 157 ngubani abamele amazwe ehlukene (omunye komunye). Russia wajoyina uMkhandlu Wase (iyunithi kwesakhiwo ngizithiba) inhlangano ngo-2007.

Ububanzi ISO ihlanganisa zonke izindawo, ngaphandle electronics kanye nobunjiniyela bukagesi, elibhekene nomse- International Electrotechnical Commission. Abanye umsebenzi uye wenza ngendlela ukusebenza ngokuhlanganyela.

isakhiwo

ISO yakhiwa izindikimba ezilawulayo kanye nabasebenzi.

Phakathi kwabokuqala kwezitho elandelayo afakiwe.

  1. I-General Assembly. Siqukethe izikhulu nezihambeli, abamiswe babe ngamalunga ekomiti.
  2. IBhodi uhlela umsebenzi phakathi amaseshini-General Assembly. Angase uqondise imibuzo amakomiti futhi ukuphathisa kubo ukuzixazulula. Izinqumo esithathwe ngevoti leningi bonke abantu abakhona. I ukuzithoba we umzimba 7 kukhona amakomiti.
  3. Technical isiqondiso bureau.

Izidumbu ukusebenza kukhona amayunithi elandelayo kwesakhiwo.

  1. amakomiti Technical. Phakathi kwabo: Plaka - ihhovisi lobuchwepheshe lapho silungiselela iziphakamiso ISO umsebenzi ukuhlela. Stuckey ukuhlola izimiso zesayensi of Standardization nolwazi losizo eMkhandlwini, ngokuhlakulela nezidingo namazinga omhlaba. CASCO ukuhlola nesikhathi imikhiqizo kanye namasevisi, ukuhlola umkhuba ngalolu daba futhi ihlaziya ke. DEVCO likusiza asathuthuka, ukuthuthukisa Standardization izincomo. COPOLCO - Committee on nokuvikelwa kwabathengi, ukufunda kungenzeka kukhutsata, ngokusebenzisa ukwethulwa Standardization sikhungo. Remco, njengoba ikomiti amasampula ejwayelekile, inhlangano inikeza usizo methodological.
  2. Subcommittees.
  3. amaqembu Technical zokweluleka.

amazinga

Njengoba ISO ukhona, akhiwa International Organization for Standardization. Kuze kube manje-ke wakhipha amasampula cishe 14,000, okuyizinto iyahambisana ubuchwepheshe ezahlukene futhi izinqubo zokukhiqiza. Lokhu kusebenza imkhakha (efana nezolimo kanye nokwakhiwa, ezidayiswayo, imishini kwezokwelapha, njll), futhi amagatsha amasha (lokufaka ikhodi digital, zobuchwepheshe Imininingwane nokunye okunjalo).

amazinga ISO - ukuthuthukiswa nje isuke ibangelwa ezimakethe zezimali. Lapho kunesidingo, abamele noma igatsha uthumele isicelo ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi nomgomo ofanele yasungulwa. Ngemuva kwemvume isicelo ithunyelwa ekomidini lobuchwepheshe ukusebenza. It sakhiwa abamele umkhakha, abaye bafisa ukuthuthukisa izinga. Ngemuva kwemvume yayo iphrojekthi ukuletha ingxoxo, bese ekugcineni ukuthatha ivoti.

Okuvame kakhulu ezibhekwa ISO namazinga 9000 ISO 14000. Bobabili ingasetshenziswa ezinhlanganweni ezehlukene, kungakhathaliseki basuke benza kunoma yimuphi umsebenzi.

Standard 9000 futhi 14000

Ngokwesibonelo, isibalo se-ISO 9000 - indinganiso ulawula ukuphathwa izinga. Ukuze uthole it ekukhiqizweni zisebenzise ubuchwepheshe ezifanele, kanye nezinqubo zokuphatha ukuze ihlangabezane nezidingo futhi uqinisekisa izimpahla eliphezulu kanye namasevisi.

ISO 14000 simele ejwayelekile yokulawula ukuphepha imvelo. Kudingeka ukuletha esiphansi emiphumeleni elimazayo emvelweni futhi asebenze ukwandisa ukuphepha lobuchwepheshe zokukhiqiza.

Ngokusekelwe kulokho lokhu?

Kuyaqondakala ukuthi akukho neyodwa kulezi zinkolo amazinga akuyona isiqinisekiso ikhwalithi kanye nokuphepha. Bathi nje ukugqugquzela inhlangano ukuba asebenzise uhlelo lokuphathwa ngawo ukufeza izinga elikhulu futhi iqinisekisa ukuphepha engcono.

Uma sicabanga ISO 9000 lwembula ezithile izimiso of ukuphathwa izinga. Abaholi ilungelo lokusebenzisa ukuba ukhethe uhlelo best ibhizinisi. Ake sifunde bona.

izimiso

№ 1. Gxila umthengi. Kulokhu, inhlangano ufuna ukuqonda izidingo amakhasimende abo futhi zama ukuhlangana ngazo zonke izindlela ukuze ngisho idlule okulindelwe. Kuze kube yimanje:

  • ukuhlola izidingo;
  • ulungise isu;
  • nokuqalisa elilungile ukuthumela idatha uhlelo izidingo zabo bonke abasebenzi;
  • ukutadisha ukwaneliseka kwamakhasimende umkhiqizo;
  • ekusunguleni uhlelo ubudlelwano namakhasimende;
  • zama ukuze sifike endaweni ethile ibhalansi phakathi kwabathengi kanye nabanye.

Inombolo 2. Abaholi ahlele sokushona emigomweni, ukunikeza wonke amathuba ukuze siyifinyelele. Ngenxa yalesi ikhanda:

  • Ucabangela izithakazelo bonke abasebenzi;
  • Ubona ikusasa lenhlangano;
  • setha emigomweni;
  • Linikeza umoya luyimfihlo inkampani;
  • Inikeza izidingo zokuqeqesha;
  • oPhethe;
  • Ukhuthaza abasebenzi.

3. Inombolo obandakanyiwe ozimele. Abantu - lena yinto lapho kusekelwe yimuphi umsebenzi. Uma behileleka abasebenzi ezindabeni inkampani, sibangelwa onamandla kakhulu, futhi abasebenzi abangaphezu kuka-zembula amathalente abo. Ngenxa yale njongo, zihlinzekwe maqondana ukuhambisana namazinga omhlaba, lapho:

  • izisebenzi zazi umnikelo wabo ekwenzeni imisebenzi;
  • baqonde yonke imikhawulo;
  • banesibopho;
  • uzama ukuthuthukisa amakhono;
  • baxoxelane okuhlangenwe nakho ulwazi etholakale;
  • ningaxoxi esiphuthumayo.

Inombolo 4. Indlela inqubo yokusebenza inkampani ezama ukumisa ngendlela yokuthi iba yinto esemqoka. Ukuze wenze lokhu, uma izimo ezifana nalezi:

  • Kuchaza imisebenzi adingekayo ukuze kuzuzwe imiphumela;
  • It igcina amarekhodi ukusebenza nezibopho abasebenzi;
  • Lugxile kwezimo ezithinta imisebenzi core;
  • umthelela ezilinganisiwe.

№ 5. Indlela Management. kahle kahle ibangelwa kulokhu ehlelekile. Ukuze wenze lokhu, inkampani lucwaningo izenzo ezilandelayo:

  • ukusebenza ezindabeni kwesakhiwo;
  • kuthuthukisa nawubuka intrasystemic;
  • kwetfulwe inike umthwalo;
  • uqhuba oda esiphezulu kusukela ekuqaleni kuze kube sekupheleni;
  • ekuthuthukiseni izindlela zokusebenza, ekuhloleni umsebenzi.

Inombolo 6. Izenzo okuhloswe ngaso ngcono okuqhubekayo kokulandelayo:

  • ngokuqhubekayo ngcono ikhwalithi umkhiqizo noma isevisi enikeziwe;
  • ukufundisa izisebenzi;
  • ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kanye nokusebenza ukuthi zonke isixhumanisi inkampani;
  • ukulinganisa izinyathelo etholakala;
  • ukugqamisa imiphumela.

№ 7. Le ndlela langempela. Lesi simiso kusho izinyathelo ezilandelayo:

  • ukuqinisekiswa ulwazi;
  • okwenza kube kufinyeleleke;
  • ukuhlaziywa;
  • Izinqumo nezenzo kwezindlu kusekelwe kuyo.

Inombolo 8. ubudlelwano letihlomulisa. Kulokhu, udinga lokhu okulandelayo:

  • ukubeka ukulinganisela phakathi imigomo esifushane futhi yesikhathi eside;
  • the Ukuqoqela ndawonye kwezinsiza;
  • ukuhlonza abalingani ukhiye kanye nomsebenzi nabo;
  • Imininingwane exchange;
  • ukwakha izinhlelo ndawonye.

ISO 9000 ithuthukiswe 1994. It siqukethe uchungechunge 9001, 9002, 9003. Kamuva wanezela nesinye 9001: 2000 kanye 9004: 2000. Okwamanje, kukhona amazinga nesithupha zazo izinkampani ngokwabo ukhetha ofanele kakhulu kubo.

isidingo ukuhlela

Certification Kuphoqelekile noma yokuzithandela. Uhlelo ukuphathwa izinga kuyinqubo eyinkimbinkimbi, futhi akudingekile zonke izinkampani. Lezi namazinga omhlaba kokuhlaziywa Site izinkampani ukuthi abafuna:

  • ngcono ikhwalithi umkhiqizo;
  • ukuletha i elikhulu ezingeni lokuphatha uhlelo;
  • nokumisa lo mhlahlandlela;
  • ngcono isithombe;
  • ukufeza izinzuzo mncintiswano;
  • lula amalayisense;
  • ukuheha abalingani sina kwezamabhizinisi;
  • ukuthola oda kusuka ezinkampanini zamazwe angaphandle.

Ukulungiselela izitifiketi

Inqubo ukuphathwa kufanele kubekwe ngaphansi izindinganiso zomhlaba wonke. Ukuhlolwa kohlelo olukhona kungase kwanele, futhi esethulweni entsha akudingekile. Okuhle ngokwanele ukuba ukusebenza izinguquko ezihlelekile. Ukuze ezinye izinhlangano adinga kabusha olunzulu, kuyilapho abanye - ukwenza izinguquko ezithile kuphela. Uhlelo yakhelwe ngokuhambisana nezinhloso echaziwe. Izinkampani afeze kwekuhlela kabusha bebodwa noma omenywe kule nhlangano Consulting.

Izinyathelo abalandelayo ukwethulwa kwamazinga zokuphatha.

  1. Ukubeka imigomo.
  2. Ukuhlonza okulindele.
  3. Lolu cwaningo izindinganiso.
  4. Ukukhetha omunye wabo.
  5. Ukuxilonga nohlelo lokuphatha.
  6. Thola ezithintana ukulethwa imikhiqizo abathengi.
  7. Ukuthuthukisa imisebenzi kuhlelwe.
  8. Samuntu ukuphila kwabo.
  9. ukulinganiswa ezimele kohlelo.
  10. Yenza kwamabhuku ukuthola isitifiketi se-ISO.
  11. Ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo nohlelo lokuphatha.

Bodies, certifiers

Sidinga ukuqonda ukuthi inhlangano i-ISO akusho ukufeza umsebenzi test futhi akusho ukukhipha ISO lokuqinisekisa. It is waziphatha amaphethini ukuthuthukiswa. Futhi zonke izinqubo ezifanele ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-international namazinga izinga eyenziwa yizinhlangano eziningi ezihlonishwayo. Lokhu kwenziwa ezweni lapho inkampani enentshisekelo kwezohwebo.

GOST ISO

Isisekelo isitifiketi oyisibopho eRussia kukhona amazinga GOST. ISO, njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, isisekelo isitifiketi yokuzithandela. Nokho, ngenxa ukuvumelana technical isiqondiso uhlelo yasungulwa, igxile namazinga omhlaba. GOST ISO ukhethe lezo zinkampani ezigxile ukuhlala hhayi nje endaweni yasekhaya emakethe yasekhaya, kodwa futhi ngaphandle. Abanye bakholelwa ukuthi lo indlela namafomu sesimweni esifanele izinhlangano kwezohwebo.

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