ISomalia: Umnotho wezwe

Ngo-1960, ababili ababengamakoloni ase-Italy naseBrithani, ngenxa yomzabalazo omude, babumbene endaweni eyodwa yeSomalia. Umnotho kuleli zwe uvame ukubekwa njengesibonelo ngabomnotho abahlukahlukene njengowodwa kuphela emhlabeni. Okwamanje, kunenkinga enkulu ezweni, okuye kwaqhubeka iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-20. Ukutadisha uhlelo lwezimakethe zaleli zwe laseMpumalanga Afrika livinjelwa ukulwa njalo nokungabi khona kwamandla amakhulu.

Kuze kube ngonyaka ka-2000

Umnotho waseSomalia wawuqothulwa ngokuphelele yimpi yombango ende. Yaqala ngo-1988 futhi iyaqhubeka nanamuhla. Ngaphambi kwempi, imali engenayo yombuso yayingenisa imikhiqizo yezolimo. Ngosizo lwe-USSR ne-Federal Republic yaseJalimane, kwakhiwa izakhi eziningi namafemu. Ngokuyinhloko lawa amabhizinisi amancane embonini. Babeqondiswa izinzuzo zendawo zokwakha. Kubuye kube nemizamo eminingi yokwakha amakoperatives okudoba. Ngekhulu lama-70 leminyaka lama-20, umnotho waseSomalia wawukhuphuka futhi waqalwa. Njalo ngonyaka, ijubane lokuthuthukiswa kwezamabhizinisi landa kakhulu. Nokho, ngo-1977 impi yaseTopiya yaqala. Ukungqubuzana okwadlula unyaka owodwa kwaqeda ama-coffers wezwe. Ukuqedwa kokuqedwa kwaholela enkingeni enkulu nakakhulu. Ukhohlakala kanye nesabelo se-okuthiwa "umnotho wesithunzi" sikhule . Ngo-1991 kwaqala impi yombango.

I-Chaos ne-War

UMongameli Mohamed Barre waphonswa. Izwe lawela emiphithiphithi futhi lithemba. Amaqembu amaningi ahlomile empeleni athatha amandla eSomalia. Umnotho ezimweni ezinjalo waba yindlela edingekayo kuphela yokuqhubeka kwempi. Kuze kube ngu-1991, leli zwe lenze ngokusemthethweni umnotho ohleliwe. Amabhizinisi ayexhunyiwe futhi awakwazi ukusebenza ngokuzimela. Ngenxa yenkinga, leli zwe lihlukaniswe laba yizizwe eziningana ezingaziwa. Lesi simo sasiqeda ngokuphelele amathuba okuqhutshwa kwemboni. Imikhakha ebalulekile yomnotho yalawulwa yiqembu elihlukene. Inzuzo eyatholiwe cishe cishe ngokuphelele yaxoshwa.

Isimo samanje somnotho wanamuhla

Ekupheleni kuka-2015, le nkinga yayilokhu inciphisa. Kwakukhona izimali zokuqala ezweni, ikakhulukazi ezivela kubabaleki baseSomalia. Nokho, umnotho, usesimweni esibi kakhulu. Okwamanje, eqinisweni, izwe alikho. Kunezifunda eziningana ezingabonakali ensimini yayo. Izindawo eziningi azilawulwa ngokujwayelekile nganoma yikuphi ukuphatha. Iziphathimandla lapho zimelela izinhluzane ezincane ezihlomile noma izinhlangano zezizwe.

Naphezu kwakho konke lokhu, isimo sezomnotho ezweni akuyona into embi kakhulu. Umkhakha omkhulu wenzuzo yimfuyo. Abaningi bezakhamuzi bahlala ezindaweni zasemaphandleni. Abaningi basalokhu behola indlela yokuphila ehamba phambili. Izici zendawo zifaka isandla ekuthuthukiseni imboni yezolimo. Ama-banana asetshenziswa minyaka yonke aletha inzuzo enkulu. Kukhona amandla amakhulu okudoba. Noma kunjalo, le niche idinga ukutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu. Enye inkinga ekuthuthukiseni imboni yizinhlelo ezihlukahlukene ezihlomile ezilawula ingxenye ebalulekile yolwandle. Phakathi kwazo kukhona "imikhumbi yamaSulumane" eyaziwa kakhulu lapho kwenziwa khona amandla e-NATO, nezinhlangano ze-pirate.

Izibalo zaseSomalia: Economics

Umthombo oyinhloko wolwazi mayelana nesimo sezindaba ezweni namuhla yi-CIA. Ngenxa yempi yombango ende kanye nokwahlukana kwangempela kombuso, le datha ayilungile, naphezu kokuba khona okuthiwa "uhulumeni wesifundazwe" waseSomalia. Umnotho usanda kukhula ngenxa yokutshala izimali komphakathi waseSomalia kwamanye amazwe. Okwamanje, i-GDP yezwe ingaba amadola ayizinkulungwane ezingu-6 zamaRandi. Ezinye izinhlangano zombuso zenze ukuxhumana okuhlangene namazwe amaningi aseYurophu. I-GDP per capita cishe ngama-dollar ayi-600. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, akunakwenzeka ukubala le nkomba "emasimini ezinhlanga", okungukuthi, ezindaweni lapho kungekho amandla angaphakathi. Kodwa ezindaweni ezizinzile zezwe kukhona amabhizinisi amaningi ahlukene. Imbonini yezindiza isebenza, imboni yokuthengisa ithuthuka. Yehlisa kancane kancane izindlela zokukhiqiza zanamuhla.

Imikhakha Yesibili Yomnotho

Ngaphandle kwemfuyo kanye nokuhweba kwezolimo, kunezinye izimboni zemakethe, ezomnotho waseSomalia. Izinto zokubheka kuleli zwe zenzeke izivakashi eziningi. Kodwa-ke, impikiswano yempi eyayiqeda isikhathi eside yaqothula ngokuphelele ukuvakasha. Noma kunjalo, muva nje abavakashi bezwe baqala ukufika futhi. Ngokuyinhloko, ziyizakhamuzi zaseTopiya ezungezile.

Futhi eSomalia kunezitshalo ezimbalwa ezingavamile ezithandwa kakhulu emhlabeni. Isibonelo, izwe lihola ukuthunyelwa kwempepho. Izinhlanzi ezikhonjiwe zithengiswa kulo lonke elase-Afrika, futhi kamuva nje nase-Asia. Inzuzo yemikhiqizo yaseSomalia ikhona ngentengo yayo. Lokhu kungenxa yomsebenzi oshibhile nokuningi kwempilo yasolwandle, engabanjwa ngesilinganiso sezimboni.