Ivan Konstantinovich Aivazovsky. Izithombe ngezithombe zasolwandle

Umculi u-Ivan Aivazovsky (u-Hovhannes Ayvazyan) - enye yezilwandle ezinkulu kunabo bonke, umbongi wesakhi samanzi, washiya uphawu oluphawulekayo emlandweni wokudweba waseRussia. "Ulwandle ngukuphila kwami," kuchaza u- Aivazovsky. Izithombe ngegama lezikhala zasolwandle zijabulisa umbukeli ngobuqiniso bazo. Umculi ubizwa ngokuthi yi-inimitable genius of seascapes, umbhali wemidwebo engaba ngu-6,000, eminingi yawo eya kusizo.

Ukuphila komdwebi we-inimitable womwandle

Umculi wazalwa ngoJulayi 17, 1817 edolobheni laseFoodsia emndenini webhizinisi lase-Armenian, owayekade ephazamiseka. Ukuhleleka komuzi wamabhange amnene kunqume konke okuzayo. Ingane yomfana yadlula ebumpofu, kodwa esemncane ubudala u-Ivan wabonisa amakhono emculweni nasekudwebeni. Ekuqaleni, umculi wesikhathi esizayo ofundwe esikhungweni saseParishan, bese eSimferopol Gymnasium.

Ngo-1833, u-Aivazovsky waba umfundi weSt. Petersburg Academy of Arts, lapho kamuva wafunda khona ekilasini laseM.N. Vorobyov. Indima eyakhelwe ngaphambili yalowo mculi kwakuwukufika kumculi waseFrance uFanner, onamakhono akhethekile ekumeleleni kwamanzi. Umculi waphawula ithalenta le nsizwa futhi wamyisa kuye, lapho ehlanganyela khona ngamasu akhe namakhono akhe.

U-1837 wawunomsebenzi wokudala. Ngaleso sikhathi, igama le-seascape eliyingqayizivele-i-Aivazovsky lalivame ukuzwakala. Izithombe ezinegama elithi "Moonlit Night in Gurzuf" (1839) kanye ne "Sea Shore" (1840) zaziwa njengabafundisi bezemfundo, lapho lo mculi wanikezwa khona indondo.

Kusukela ngo-1840, wavakashela amazwe amaningi, lapho asebenza ngenkuthalo, futhi ngenxa yalokho waba ethandwa. Emva kokubuya kuka-Aivazovsky kudluliselwe endlunkulu enkulu yempi, futhi wanikezela isihloko se-academician we-Academy of Arts. Kamuva, wavakashela amazwe aseYurophu ngenkuthalo, lapho ayecabanga khona ngamazwe omhlaba aphinde athole izinto ezintsha.

Ngo-1847, lo mculi wangeniswa ezinyangeni zamalungu ahloniphekile e-Petersburg Academy of Arts. Kuyo yonke impilo yakhe u-Aivazovsky wavula isikole sobuciko, igalari yobuciko, yabamba imibukiso engaphezu kuka-120.

Ukusebenta kanye nobuciko bekhono lolwandle

Emsebenzini we-Aivazovsky, ubukhosi nobuzwe bezimpi zasolwandle zichazwe ngokucacile. Mhlawumbe kungenxa yombono ophawulekayo womculi, ngoba akaze adwebe isithombe esivela ekuphileni, kodwa wenza amanothi namanothi kuphela. "Ukunyakaza kwemifudlana ephilayo akuyona into yokushayela," kusho u-Aivazovsky. Imidwebo enegama elithi "Impi yeCheme" ne "The Ninth Wave", ehlanganiswe nomjikelezo wezenzo, imane nje igcizelele ubuciko bomculi ukugcina, bese iveza izenzakalo.

Isivinini esisheshayo sokukhishwa komsebenzi

Ukungajwayelekile komculi kungalandelwa hhayi ekuboneni kuphela, kodwa nangesisindo sokukhishwa. Ukwenza umsebenzi omkhulu ngesikhathi esifushane nje kuphela u-Ivan Aivazovsky kuphela. Imidwebo enegama elithi "Black Sea Landscape" nelithi "Storm" umculi wadala emahoreni amabili nje kuphela, futhi enza umsebenzi ngezinhlobo zendlela. Okumangalisa kakhulu izimpi zasolwandle eziboniswe emgqeni, isakhiwo esitholakala ngomoya owodwa. I-Dramatism iphenduka ukubonakaliswa komfudumalo womphefumulo, okugcizelela isitayela esingavamile. Uma ubheka ekudalweni kwenkosi, uzizwa ngaleli jubane kanye ne-whirlpool yamagagasi. Ukudluliswa kwemizwa yamagagasi olwandle kuhamba ngokungaqondakali kokuthula nokuthukuthela. Impumelelo enamandla yenkosi isendleleni yokudluliselwa kwezinto ezenzekayo, ngoba ingqondo kuphela engabonisa ukwakheka ngokomzwelo kwento yasolwandle.

Izinto ezidumile kakhulu zomculi

Phakathi nokuguqulwa kwamashumi ayisithupha namashumi ayisishiyagalolunye, ubuciko banda. Lesi sikhathi ngokuvamile kubhekwa njengokuchuma kwesiko lobuciko, ngokuqondile lapho u-Aivazovsky enza khona. Izithombe ezinegama elithi "Storm at Night" (1864) kanye ne "Storm on the North Sea" (1865) zibhekwa njengeziyizinkondlo. Cabanga ngemidwebo emibili edume kakhulu u- Aivazovsky. Ama ifotho anamagama athulwe ngezansi.

I-Ninth Wave (1850)

Lesi sithombe umculi unikeze izinsuku ezingu-11. Ekuqaleni, uNicholas Ngathola umsebenzi weHermitage. Ngomnyaka we-1897, le ngxowa yadluliselwa eMyuziyamu YaseRashiya Yombuso. Umsebenzi "Amafu phezu kolwandle, ezolile" nawoMu Museum waseRussia waseSt. Petersburg.

"Amafu phezu kolwandle, ezolile" (1889)

Uma sibheke phezulu kolwandle, ubukhulu bamafu kanye ne-airspace, sibona ukuthi i-spectrum elula kangakanani. Ukukhanya emisebenzini yakhe akuyona into kodwa isibonakaliso sokuphila, ithemba nokuphakade. Sibona indlela okuyingqayizivele ngayo indalo yenkosi. Lo mculi kuze kube yilolu suku uhlala edume kakhulu futhi oyintandokazi phakathi kwababukeli.