Iyini i-carol? Ama-Car Car Folk

Ezingxenyeni ze-post-Soviet isikhala senkulumo yansuku zonke kanye nabezindaba, umuntu angavame ukuzwa amagama athi "ama-Russian carols" kanye "namathekisthi e-carols", okusetshenziselwa okuphelelwe isikhathi ezinsukwini ezithile zekhalenda.

Ngakho iyini i-carol yeKhisimusi? Kwenziwa kaningi kangakanani eRussia yanamuhla? Ngumuphi umbhalo othize onamakhalenda ekhalenda ngesiRashiya?

Imikhosi yaseKolyadovalnye emkhatsini wamasiko aseRashiya nase-Ukraine

Ama-carols ekuqaleni ayehlabelela izingoma ezihloniphekile ezinikezwe i-Sun, okwenziwa ngenqubo yokuqhutshwa kwemizi emakhaya abo. Umsuka wabo ulahlekile eminyakeni. Ngokubukeka kwazo lezi zinsuku ezizungezile zibonakala zivela ngenxa yamasiko abantu base-Ukraine nezibonakaliso ezihambisana nokuphuma kwelanga lasebusika - enye yamaholide amathathu amakhulu ngonyaka, kanye ne- spring equinox kanye ne-solstice ehlobo egujwa okhokho bama-Ukrainians anamuhla.

Izici ezicacile zemikhosi ye-bypass

Eqinisweni, ushintsho ngesikhathi sokudlala, ukugcwaliseka kanye nemibono yengoma ye-carol yaqala ukuqhutshwa ngaphansi kwethonya elinamandla leSonto Lobu-Orthodox. Wazama ukubhubhisa i-agrafu - yamaqaba - ingxenye yamasiko. Ngakho-ke, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, inqubo yeKolyad njengenqubo yendabuko yezikhathi ezithile yahlukaniswa yaba ngamagatsha amaningana we-typological ngesikhathi sokugubha (uKhisimusi, i-Epiphany, uNyaka Omusha), abalingiswa (abahlonishwayo, abapristi) kanye nabalingiswa bamatheksthi-ukuqokwa kwengoma ye-carol. Ngakho-ke, kungaba izingoma zokubonga nezingoma zesonto, bekhazimulisa uKristu.

Ngenxa yengcindezi eqinile yeSonto Lobu-Orthodox emasikweni aseRussia, abantu abaningi basuke belahlekile ekuhambeni komkhosi womjikelezo wonyaka. Noma kunjalo, kuze kube manje, ingxenye ethile ye-circumvention ifikile. Babuye bashintsha izingoma zendabuko ngamaculo athandwayo.

Ingqikithi yamaculo-ama-carols avela emaqenjini athile wama-Russian

Njengoba sekushiwo ngenhla, umbhalo we-carol wawubusiswa ngobukhulu ngumnikazi wendlu ngenhlanhla, ukutholwa kwezinkomo. Umkhuba ogcwalisekile wabikezela kuqala ingcebo yokuvuna kanye nenzuzo yezinto ezibonakalayo. Kodwa-ke, izingoma-ama-carols zihlukaniswe zibe izinhlobo eziningana , umbhalo ozohlukahluka nge-semantic.

E-oats, isihloko sezomnotho sesifiso sitholakala ngokucacile, sisekelwa izidingo eziphezulu. Ngokuvamile, ama-Christmas carols agcina umbhalo wezimfuneko, kodwa okuyinhloko kusho ukuphenywa komnikazi ngenhlanhla. Ngokuba amagilebhisi abonakala ngezingoma zansuku zonke nezothando, evame ukuveza isihloko sosizi lomkhwenyana nomkhwenyana nokuhlela umlaleli ngendlela enobungane emndenini.

I-Ovens njengenye yemikhosi yaseRussia yokuqoqa

Ngakho-ke, amaRussia anezinhlobo eziningana zokuthungatha izindlu zendlu, ezihlobene komunye nomunye, kodwa zikhona ezindaweni ezahlukene zaseRussia. Esigabeni seVolga, ezinye izindawo eziphakathi nendawo eziseningizimu (Tambov, Ryazan, Nizhny Novgorod, eMoscow, Voronezh, Tula), ama-Christmas carols aqhutshwa ku-Ovseni - ngoNyaka Omusha noma kuNyaka Omusha ngokwawo, futhi inqubo yokugcoba ibizwa ngokuthi, ngokulandelana, i-ovary. Imibhalo ye-oats ayifani nemibhalo yamanye ama-carols, kodwa inqamule ethi "Avsene, avsen!" Noma "Oh, oatsen!". Izinkulumo zalolu hlobo zingaboniswa yisibonelo:

Ibhuloho yayivuliwe,
Ehlanganiswe ngendwangu,
Izipikili zabulawa.
I-Ai, no-Aveni, no-Aveniya!
Ubani, ngubani ongaya kuwo
Ngaphezu kwalowo bhuloho?
Kuzoya ku-Avsene.
I-Ai, no-Aveni, no-Aveniya!

Ngakho-ke, embuzweni wokuthi i-carol kaKhisimusi ingakanani ngemva kokuzijwayeza ukwenza lesi senzo endaweni yesifunda saseVolga, ephakathi nendawo eseningizimu ye-Russia, umuntu angenza impendulo ebonisa isimo sokudumisa-lesi senzo njengesiko segama elimangalisayo lezinkampani kanye nekhaya labo inhlanhla , Kodwa ngokuvumelana nesimo sabo sengqondo kubantu abahlala nabo.

Shchedrovki - I-Mythological Kolyadolnye Songs

Vala emvelweni wokuqukethwe kanye nokuqondiswa kwabahlanganyeli ezindaweni zaseningizimu zaseRussia bavulekile, bephethe amakhukhi "Okuhle / okuhle kusihlwa!".

Ukunikezwa kweziqephu eziyinhloko zobuhle, ngenxa yobuningi bezintambo zokugcina izinto, kunzima kakhulu, kwaziwa kuphela ukuthi babe nezihloko ezingokwenkolo nangokwengezwa kwemibhalo ejwayelekile yabantu mayelana nokuphila kwabangcwele. Ngosizo lwalokhu kujoyina, kwakulungiswe ukuqinisa ingxenye yomlingo wombhalo ophanayo:

Schedrovochka ophanayo,
Ngaphansi kwewindi kwakulele.
Chi ram, chi chi,
Khonza i-blanca,
Ungalimi, ungaphuli,
Futhi wonke unikeze.
Ngobusuku obukhulu, o, kusihlwa okuhle.

Amagama ambalwa mayelana namagilebhisi amagilebhisi

AmaRussia asenyakatho anezenzo zesenzo, futhi aphelelwe isikhathi ngoNovemba KaKhisimusi noNyaka Omusha, kodwa ekugcineni "Umvini, obomvu obomvu!". Amagilebhisi ayebonakalisa ingcebo nokuthanda amaSlav, ngakho-ke lezi zingoma zazihlabelelwa emakhaya abantu abangashadile nabashadile. Uma emibhalweni yama-oats nama-lavers umlando wezingoma namahlaya wawuhlanganisa izingqungquthela zevangeli nezenganekwane, amagilebhisi amelela imibhalo yothando, imibhalo yabamantombazane nabafana abahlukile. Omunye anganikeza isibonelo sombhalo onjalo womkhuba:

Sasihamba futhi sahamba
Ngu-Russia Ongcwele.

Sasihleka nokuhleka
Igceke leNkosi.

Igceke leNkosi
Ezimvini eziyishumi nambili,

Futhi inyanga yayiqhubeke
Ivanushka,

Uzoshada
Sizomangala.

Ukwakhiwa kwegrammatic ematheksthi kaKhisimusi kanye nezici zokusetshenziswa kwazo

Iyini i-carol kusukela ekubukeni kokubuyiswa kwe-semantic negrammatical? Amatheksthi enkambiso yabantu asehlele kithi ahlanganisa ikakhulukazi ivesi eliyishumi, elihlukaniswe ngama-hemistichs amabili ama-syllable. I-generic yaseRussia ne-Ukraine kaningi iqukethe ivesi eliyisishiyagalombili elihambisana ne-hemistich ezine-syllable. Kubonakala sengathi cishe, ngokusho kwezinsuku ezithile - uKhisimusi, Unyaka Omusha, i-Easter, ovalelwe ngaphambi kwamaholidi angamaqaba, ngaphansi kwengcindezi yeSonto Lobu-Orthodox, amasiko ahamba phambili ahambisa isikhathi esisodwa futhi anikeze isandla ekuhlanganiseni izingxenye zabo zamagama nezombhalo. Ukwamukela le mbono kubuye kukhulume amaqiniso okwenziwa kwamagilebhisi amaPhasika kwezinye izindawo.

Indima yokugubha imikhosi yokugcoba

Iyini i-carol ngaphandle kokuba khona kokuzikhethela kwabamaki ababeka ithoni ngomdlalo wegeyimu yenqubo yokudlula? Ngumuphi umyalo abavakashele kuwo amakhaya omuzi nomakhelwane? Ukukhipha umbhalo we-carols, lo mqhudelwano wawuvame ukuhamba ezindlini zomuzi ukusuka entshonalanga kuya empumalanga - ukweqa indlu yomuntu kwakubi kabi nokuhlambalaza okukhulu. Emidlalweni yamasiko, abantu babevame ukudlala amaqembu amathathu ezithombe - amandla angcolile noma amanye amazwe, izilwane noma abantu bobuzwe obunye. Esikhathini sokuchasana kukhona izici zobungane obuseduze nabantu bezinye izizwe, ukubonakaliswa kwezidalwa eziphilayo ezizungezile kanye nokwesaba kwebutho elithile elihlakazekile ngesikhathi seSvyatok ngumphathi kaKristu. Ngakho-ke, amaSlav ayenomkhuba ovamile wokuhlangana kwabaculi ngemuva komkhuba wokuvinjelwa, noma ukuphoqeleka ukuba badonsa emgodini weqhwa ukuze bahlanza ukungcoliswa okwenziwe ngenkathi kuqoshwa. Izingane ngokuvamile azihambisani, kepha zahamba emakhaya.

Izindleko kanye nezimfanelo zamakhamuzi

Izambatho zikazhenyh, ezenzelwe ukukhombisa izilwane nemimoya emibi, ngokuvamile ijwayele izingubo zezimvu, ziphenduke ngaphandle. Izingxenye ezengeziwe zengeziwe zomzimba nezici, ziqinisa ukufana - izinduku namagatsha ezinyoni zezinyoni, amabhishi e-birchbark nezimpondo zokhuni, imisila-izitshalo zezinye izinto eziphilayo nezinye izinto. Lapho kuboniswa abathengisi abane abacebile emantombazaneni nabesilisa, abafana namantombazana bahlangana, babonisa ama-gypsies noma bahlamba - babopha ubuso babo nge-soot. Ngenxa yokwesatshiswa okukhulu, ama-carolingians ayemi emaceleni futhi aveze ama-hump emhlane.

Ikhishi le-Kolyadovalnaya

Phakathi nesikhathi sikaKhisimusi, izitsha ezikhethekile zilungisiwe, eziningi zazo ezidayiswayo izimpahla. Isibonelo, izitsha ezinjalo ziyi-carols (ama-wickets) - amabhokisi amancane enhlanganisela kafulawa we-rye nokolweni 5 kuya ku-5 amasentimitha, agcwele inyama enobisi, i-jam noma enye yokugxila.

Ama-Modern Bypass Rites

Iyini i-carol yeKhisimusi emibhalweni yanamuhla yaseRussia? Ingabe ikhona namuhla? Ama-carols aseRussia anamuhla, ngokungafani neRussia endala ne-Ukraine, okwakubanjwe kusukela ekushoneni kwelanga kuze kube sekushoneni kwelanga, kuqale njengokujwayelekile ekuseni. Uma ngaphambili le nqubo yayinemvelo yemilingo, futhi lapho kufika ama-mummers, izigcawu ezincane zama-comic zadlalwa, ngakho-ke kwinguqulo yanamuhla kusho ukuthi imikhosi yokuzungezile isho ukuthatha umdlalo wokugubha, lapho lapho, njengama-carols kaKhisimusi ebulawa, ama-christians kanye nama-mummers athola abanikazi bendlu uhlobo oluthile lwe-yummy - Amapayi, amaswidi nezinye izinto ezihamba phambili.

Emidlalweni yamanje, i-carols yenziwa, umbhalo ophikisana ngokwanele ngokuhumusha inkondlo yangempela ngolimi lwanamuhla, noma kuthuthukiswa ngokuphelele. Izingoma ezinjalo zingatholakala kalula. Ungakwazi kanjani ukuthi uqobo lwangempela, lwamaKhisimusi wangempela kaKhisimusi? Umbhalo wezinye zazo kungenzeka ukuthi ugcinwe enkumbulo kagogo noma omkhulu. Kubalulekile ukuwasho ngemikhuba enjalo. Ngokuvamile bangatshela izinto eziningi ezithakazelisayo. Izingoma-carols, umbhalo wonke umuntu owawazi ngaphambili - kusukela ezincane kuya ezinkulu, namuhla ungalalela ukurekhoda. Ezinye zazo zilotshwe ezimweni zangempela "zasendle", ezinye ziyizinto zokukhiqiza. Isibonelo se-improvisation enjalo ngumbhalo olandelayo we-carol ngesiRashiya:

Kusihlwa okuhle kubantu abanobubele!
Vumela iholidi elijabulisayo libe!
Thokozani uKhisimusi, siyakuhalalisela!
Sifisela wena injabulo nenjabulo!
Ngobusuku obukhulu, kusihlwa okuhle!
Abantu abalungile bezempilo!

Ngemuva kwala mazwi, kungenzeka ukuthi uqhubeke nezifiso zomkhaya noma ufunde amatheksthi alandelayo. Kunoma yikuphi, ukuhalaliswa okuhlotshisiwe, okungeziwe ngezimfanelo ezifanele zeholide, kuzokwenza kube yinto engalibaleki kulo mthengisi futhi kuzokujabulisa ngokukhetha umbala kazwelonke.