Ivan Puschin: Biography, lokusungula. Imisebenzi ku-internet Ivana Puschina

Puschin Ivan Ivanovich, ogama biography izokwethulwa kulesi sihloko, kwadingeka Decembrists, nombhali Umlando, Collegiate zekhotho nomahluleli kwesilingo Court eMoscow. Kodwa iningi yaziwa ngokuthi umngane omkhulu ka Pushkin.

Ebuntwaneni Puschina Ivana Ivanovicha

I hero lesi sihloko wazalwa ngo Marino (Isifundazwe eMoscow) e 1798. Ubaba walo mfana kwaba yilungu lephalamende kanye uLieutenant General Ivan Petrovich futhi igama likanina kwakungu-Alexandra Mikhailovna. Ngo 1811, umkhulu wami wakhanyisa Decembrists esizayo Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum kwezemfundo. Yiqiniso, lena akuyona ncamashi nalokho afuna kancane Puschin Ivan Ivanovich. Biography ngesikhathi Lyceum kwaphawulwa esiqakathekileko - ajwayelane Pushkin. Yenzeka omunye izivivinyo, futhi kamuva bakhula baba ubungane efudumele. Ngaphezu kwalokho rapprochement nomthelela ukusondela emagumbini azo. Njengoba Pushkin noLeo babehilelekile emjikelezweni efanayo. Naphezu kwakho konke lokhu, abangane bami ukuthi awavumelani ezindabeni eziningi. Ngaphezu kokukodwa banayo ukungavumelani ngezinye izinto nabantu.

Uyabakhathalela ebuthweni

Ngonyaka owandulela iziqu Pushin kumuntu we Umbusi ngokwakhe ngokuthi ngase ngibuza ukuthi khona abafundi, abafuna ukuya empini. Lezi uyithayiphe abantu abayishumi, okubalwa u-Ivan. A izikhathi ezimbalwa ngesonto, noColonel Jikelele Levashev Knabenau waxhumana nabo umzimba ezempi enkundleni hussar. Iziqu ZaseGileyadi "Bazungeza" izivivinyo ngokushesha. Kuhle umngane Pushkina Ivan Puschin wayephatheke kabi ngoba iqiniso lokuthi maduze kufanele ahlukane nabangane bakhe, owaba umndeni esifundweni. Kulesi senzakalo, ku-albhamu ka-hero lesi sihloko abafundi bakhe nabo wabhala izinkondlo eziningi. Phakathi kwabo kwakukhona Illichevsky, Delvig Pushkin. Ngemva kwalokho, i-albhamu endaweni ethile elahlekile.

Yisosha

Ngokushesha ngemva kokuphothula Lyceum Ivan Puschin, isithombe ongawabona esihlokweni, ukhushuliwe amaphoyisa kanye owembethe umfaniswano Guards. Kusukela manje kuqhubeke indlela yabo Alexander bahlakazeka. By the way, Pushkin wayengazi lutho ngalokho Ivan phakathi izifundo zabo wathatha kumbuthano owodwa. Leo ngezikhathi ezithile kuphela okukhulunywa ubulungu bakhe, kodwa ungatsheli imininingwane. Oscho Sizobe sixoxe ngalokhu kamuva. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi u-Alexander iqiniso akazange ukuthola.

Umhlangano omusha nge Pushkin

Ngo-January 1820, u-Ivan Puschin, ogama Umlando womuntu ophilako kuma-encyclopedia amaningi tetemibhalo, waya eBessarabia lo dade ogulayo. Wachitha khona isikhathi esiyizinyanga ezine. Uma sibuyela phezu izindlela Belarusian, Ivan waxosha esiteshini leposi kanye kwenzeka ukubona igama encwadini isimenywa Pushkin. I uSuperintendent wamtshela ukuthi u-Alexander wayeya emsebenzini. Eqinisweni, imbongi wathunyelwa ekudingisweni eningizimu. "Kungaba ukuthi kujabulisa kangakanani simanga kuye," - watlola Umlando wakhe Puschin Ivan Ivanovich. Ubungane Pushkin uqalisiwe iminyaka kuphela emva ezinhlanu.

Ngo-1825, iqhawe kwalesi sihloko, wafunda ukuthi u-Alexander wathunyelwa esifundazweni Pskov. Futhi Ivan sekukhona babe nesifiso esinamandla sokuthuthukisa vakashela umngane ubudala. Ukuze uqale nge wayehlose ukuhamba kusuka eMoscow kuya Petersburg uKhisimusi nemindeni yabo. Wabe esehamba udadewabo, futhi ukusuka lapho waya endaweni ababedingiselwe kuyo Pushkin - Mikhailovskoye emzaneni. Abangane wazama ukuphambukisa Ivan kusuka lolu hambo, njengoba u-Alexander kwaba ngaphansi kokuqondisa hhayi kuphela amaphoyisa kodwa futhi abefundisi. Kodwa Leo wayengafuni ukulalela. Abangane ukuhlangana ngoJanuwari 1825 kwagxila elinamandla kokubili. Kamuva, u-Alexander wabhala inkondlo ngalokhu. Kwaba nomhlangano wokugcina.

Umbuthano imfihlo

Yini bengingatshelwanga Pushkin Ivan Puschin phakathi izifundo zabo ngesikhathi Lycée? Ngaleso sikhathi, iqhawe kwalesi sihloko wahlangana nabantu abakhalayo esikhathini esizayo, nengxenye ekudalweni kwendoda nowesifazane Northern Society ngaleso sikhathi, i-Union of Welfare futhi izenzakalo ngo-December 14. Ivan wayengomunye walaba amalungu avelele kakhulu kulo mbuthano. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, futhi inkonzo yezempi Puschina akuzange kuhlale isikhathi eside. Wavele akamnikelanga isikhala for ukugcwaliseka izinkolelo zakhe. Ngemva Ukuhamba Ivan bahlala isikhungo yesifundazwe, bese wathatha esihlalweni sokwahlulela eMnyangweni Okokuqala mgwaqo Inkantolo YaseMoscow.

isifiso sokushintsha

Izikhungo Guqula kwaba ngenxa yokuthi ukuthi iqhawe kwalesi sihloko uma ungathanda ukubuyekeza emkhathini kwenchubokuphatsa, okuyinto, ngokombono wakhe, wanikeza lokukhunta. Yonke indawo, waba ngukumkani ukonakala nobuqili nokufumbathisa. Ivan Puschin Kwethenjwa ukuthi isibonelo sakhe amasevisi ngokwethembeka ukuze kuzuze abantu ukhuthaze izicukuthwane ukuthi iqalise imisebenzi ngawo unawo wonke amandla ukuze uchithe.

North Umphakathi

Ingxenye yokuqala nokubusa u-Alexander I kwahluka isimo bejabule ngenxa ukuvelela ukwazi komphakathi. Kodwa-ke konke kwashintsha. Emikhakheni kahulumeni imibuthano washintsha imibono ezindabeni eziningi emphakathini. Lokhu kubukela phansi ithemba lekusasa kangcono eziningi imibuthano eziphambili, omunye eyayihlanganisa Ivan Puschin. Kule ndaba, kwathi ngaphambili Luhambo emsebenzini wamavukelambuso. Ngokusobala abenza ngawo imisebenzi enjalo wahluleka, ngakho amakilabhu kwashintsha kwaba inhlangano eyimfihlo.

Ivan wayeyilungu Northern Society. Inhloko le nhlangano Ryleev, kanye Leo, wathutha enkonzweni yezempi ukuze aye empini. Ndawonye balwa ukungazi okubi. Kodwa eduze inqubomgomo 1825 ngokuya waqala ukungena ohlelweni lwabo. Kwakudingekile ukwenza okuthile. Futhi amalungu Northern Umphakathi basungula plan of action.

Ukuvukela kwezinceku Decembrists

Disemba 14, 1825, u-Ivan Puschin ayesema ephethe Obolensky ku iSigele Square. Abawuvalanga nezinye Decembrists. Kamuva Kiichelbecker (mate Lycée) ukunikeza ubufakazi obumelene nabo. Wathi Odoyevski, Bestuzhev, Schepin-Rostovsky, Obolensky noLeo babe abaholi endaweni futhi samenta ukudubula Jikelele Voinov, Grand Duke. Ivan ngokwakhe wakuphika lokhu zingenakubekwa cala. Leo kwaba umxhwele kakhulu lesi sixuku futhi wayekubheka isikhulu ezingajwayelekile ngaphandle isigqoko. Wayekanye batshelwa ukuthi kwaba ngiyinhloli. Khona-ke u-Ivan belulekwa ukuba bahlale kude naye. Ngubani aqeda esikhulwini, hero lesi sihloko ukuthi awubonanga. Ngakho, lo mbuzo ukuthi Leo akwenza iSigele Square, namanje evulekile. Akazange ukusho noma yini ngakho, futhi eminyakeni eminingi kamuva e "Amanothi we Decembrist."

ukubopha

Kusihlwa, Disemba 14, 1825, u-Ivan Puschin, isithombe usuvele icala le Decembrists, waboshwa kanye nabanye amalungu Northern Society. Bona ababeboshwe uPetru noPawulu Fortress. Lapho ngiphenywa, Ivan noma uphike konke noma lutho. Inkantolo ithole ukuthi Pushin enecala regicide ekuhleleni iqhaza kuwo. I hero lesi sihloko waklonyeliswa esigabeni sokuqala simo izigebengu isimo. sinqumo Final - isigwebo sentambo ngokunqunywa. Ngemva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha, inkantolo yasithambisa isijeziso, wayencisha Ivan ezinhlwini wamxosha ukuba okuphakade kanzima eSiberia. Ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ethemini sancishiswa saba iminyaka engu-20.

ukufukuziswa

Lapho befika kule ndawo eSiberia Ivan Puschin, ogama biography sekufikile kibo bonke abayithandayo of Pushkin eyaziwa, wachitha iminyaka eminingi ejele. Ukuphila kwakhe kwakuthakazelisa Akunzima ikakhulukazi. Futhi igama elithi "ebugqileni" lasetshenziswa the Decembrists, owayehlezi emajele ehlukene, kuphela ngomqondo ezivamile. Babehlala Umkhaya obumbene, ukubamba into emabhalekisini like University ukungenela inkonzo engqondo. Leo futhi nge Mukhanov Zavalishin wamisa inhlangano encane. Wasiza amalungu abampofu ngubani leza kuleli dolobhana. Nokho kwakukhona wokubambisana iphephandaba enikeza le mikhondo Decembrists nezincwadi ezihlukahlukene (kuhlanganise nqatshelwe dla).

Ukuba etilongweni Chita, Leo wathutha "Amanothi Franklin." Ivan eyingoduso kuphela engxenyeni yokuqala. Okwesibili elihunyushwe umngane wakhe - Shteygel. Nilungele "Amanothi Franklin" wathumela esihlobeni Mukhanova, kodwa ngeshwa, kulahleke kulowo mbhalo wesandla. Ivan roughing Ngokwesibonelo efanayo kwadingeka ukuba kubhubhe namunye phakathi Burg ukuhlolwa, kusukela inki iye kungavunyelwe, futhi wawulungiselela Decembrists ezazishushumbiswa.

entshonalanga yeSiberia

Ngenxa Manifesto Eliphakeme Kunawo 1839 Pushin ukhululeka ekubeletheni. Waxoshwa ukuba ahlale kulelo dolobha Turinsk (Western eSiberia) e 1840. Ngakusasa iminyaka emine, Ivan wasebenza ngokuyinhloko ukufunda izincwadi. sezulu laseSiberia zingayilimaza impilo yabo. Kusukela 1840 kuya Pushchin icala evamile ye nokuquleka ezingamahlalakhona. Kule ndaba, ebhala uhlu lwezikhalazo ukudlulisela Yalutorovsk. Sanikwa futhi ngemva kokufika kwabakhi Ivan ababehlala endlini okufanayo Obolensky. Khona-ke, ngokuqondene umngane womshado Leo sathuthela efulethini ehlukile.

Ngaphezu Ivan, Yalutorovsk nezinye Decembrists. Basargin, Tizengauzen, Iakushkin, Nezintuthwane-Ubuhlobo Apostol, njll Bavame waqhubeka evakashele iqhawe kwalesi sihloko. Kule mihlangano le Decembrists ngidlala amakhadi, waxoxa ngentuthuko yakamuva zezombusazwe nokunye. N. Ivan umlutha balime futhi echitha isikhathi esiningi ensimini. Kodwa impilo yakhe akazange ngcono. Leo wanxusa Gorchakov (Governor-Jikelele Western eSiberia) ukudlulisela Tobolsk yokuxhumana ne odokotela.

Ukwelashwa kanye nenkululeko

Ngemva kokuthutha, kanye nokwelashwa eyinhloko Ivan kwaba kancane kangcono. Ngo Tobolsk wabona umngane ongumakad 'ebona Bobrischevym-Pushkin. Ndawonye abangane wasebenza phezu ukuhunyushwa Pascal. Ngemva kokubuyela e-Leo isikhashana wayengumuntu uphile kahle, kodwa ngokushesha ukuhlasela ukubuyiswa. Ngo 1849, waphinde wabuza Gorchakov ukumthuma ukuze bayothola ukwelashwa. Ngalesi sikhathi eTurin amanzi. Zonke izindleko zokuhamba zakhokhelwa aphume yengcebo. Kube Leo wabona Bestuzhev nezinye ozakwabo zakhe. Ngemva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha, u-Ivan wabuyela Yalutorovsk. On nenkululeko hero lesi sihloko eleza ngemva Manifesto of 1856, wachitha ayesekudingisweni iminyaka engu-16.

eminyakeni yamuva

Ngo 1858, Puschin Ivan Ivanovich, ogama biography is ukuba abayithandayo eziningi Pushkin eyaziwa washada Natalia Fonvizina (unkosikazi abadumile Decembrist, owashona ngo-1854). Ngemva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa wedding, iqhawe kwalesi sihloko ufile. Pushin Bronnitsi wangcwatshwa eduze sesonto. Ithuna itholakala eduze kwethuna Fonvizina M. A.

Imisebenzi Puschina Ivana Ivanovicha

Ngaphezu "Amanothi Franklin" kushiwo ngenhla, eyabhalwa iqhawe kwalesi sihloko bayingxenye 'Notes on ubungane Pushkin "(1859) kanye" Amanothi we Decembrist "(1863). Eyokuqala ifomu ephelele ngaphandle emshikashikeni Maikova mayelana biography of imbongi. Ivan Alexander elalinayo ezazini kwemizwa yothando ejule kunayo kusukela esikhathini cwaningo ngesikhathi Lyceum. Ngakho-ke, "Amanothi" abangu benamandla uthando lobuzalwane nokusondelana ngobuqotho.

Lo msebenzi Pushin Ivan Ivanovich akuyona esilinganiselwe. Wabuye ungumnikazi "Izincwadi ezivela Yalutorovsk" (1845) ukuba Engelhardt. Bona-Ivan uthi umqondisi yakhe yokuphila yangaphambili nokuphilela akho. Wabuye abelana imicabango yakhe mayelana oda laseSiberia, iziphathimandla zendawo kanye umthetho ka-1842, lapho abalimi wanika izwe, uma ukuphathwa khulula yomshikashika wabo. Ngokuvamile, ngokubhalela Engelhardt aqukethe eningi ngezimfanelo ezinhle anazo, ethize kuya ezithuthukile, muntu ofundile.