Iyini i-MMM yabantu bethu?

Maphakathi nawo-1990, uSergei Mavrodi wahlela inkampani yangasese eyayiqala ukwenza ezohwebo, kodwa ngonyaka ka-1994 kwaqashelwa njengephiramidi enkulu yezimali yaseRussia. Igama le-MMM livela ezincwadini zokuqala zamagama wabasunguli bayo. Ngaphezu kukaSergei, babe: umfowabo kaVyacheslav nomunye u-Olga Melnikova. Esikhathini esincane esifushane, le nkampani eyaziwa kakhulu yenze iminikelo evela ezigidini ezingaba ngu-15 million, ezaba izakhamizi ezivamile zaseRussia.

Umsebenzi wale nkampani akubanga isikhathi eside kakhulu, kodwa yimpumelelo kakhulu. Ngemva kweminyaka embalwa yokuba khona kwayo, kwabhujiswa. USergey Mavrodi ngokwakhe uthi lokhu kwenzeka ngokuqondile ngenxa yethonya lalezi zakhiwo eziningi zikahulumeni waseRussia. Kodwa inamba enkulu yabalimi abakhohlisayo bakholelwa ukuthi abashicileli baphendulela isikhalazo somhlaba wonke ngenxa yokucebisa kwabo siqu. Konke, ngokuyisisekelo, kubonakala sengathi. Lapho isabelomali se-MMM enkampanini sifinyelela phezulu, leli phiramidi yezimali ngokungalindelekile kubo bonke abatshalizimali baqala ukuwa kancane kancane. Ngakho-ke, yonke imali yanyamalala ngendlela engaziwa. Abaningi embuzweni wokuthi yi-MMM, baphendula ngokufushane futhi ngokucacile - ukuhlaselwa okucatshangelwe kahle.

Le phiramidi yavela ngo-1989. Lapho ebuzwa ukuthi yi-MMM, abaphathi bayo baphendule - i-firm for the import of equipment. Mhlawumbe kwakunjalo ekuqaleni, kodwa esikhathini esizayo i-MMM (i-pyramid, njengoba izoyibiza ngemuva) yaba yinkampani enkulu kunayo yonke indawo ye-post-Soviet.

Cishe ngo-1992-1994 kuzo zonke iziteshi zethelevishini zaseRussia zikhombisa izimakethe ezibonakalayo ezichazela abantu abavamile ukuthi i-MMM ingubani. Ngendlela enzima kangaka, abafake imali yakhe yokuqala babanjwe emiphramidini, ababe nethemba lokuthi isimo sezezimali esiphuthumayo, bajabule ukuthenga amathikithi e-MMM ngentengo ephansi.

Kusukela ngo-1994, lamathikithi athengiswe ngamabhiliki ayizinkulungwane, kodwa kabili ngesonto intengo ishintshile kangangokuba ngenyanga ikhule cishe kabili. Labo bantu abangenaso isikhathi sokuthenga amathikithi ngokushesha, bafisa ukuzithola ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze kamuva bangakhokhi ngaphezulu. Ngenxa yalokhu okusheshayo, izakhamizi ezivamile zazingenaso isikhathi sokucabanga ngezinqumo zabo, futhi uSergei Mavrodi waba nocebile nsuku zonke, okwamenza waba umuntu ojabula kakhulu.

Uhlelo lokuthenga lulungiswa kangangokuthi ngolunye usuku izakhamizi eziningi zaseRussia azikwazanga ukuthenga amathikithi ngokomzimba. Ngenxa yalokho, ngosuku olulandelayo baphinde bemi emigqeni. Ungakhohlwa ukuthi amanani amathikithi ayanda ngesilinganiso esingakaze senziwe, futhi abantu baqhubeka bephonsa imali yabo eyimali emoyeni.

Okumangalisa ukuthi ezinyangeni eziyisithupha kuphela amasheya e-MMM yenkampani akhula izikhathi ezingu-127. Kodwa lokhu akuzange kuvimbe ama-depositors. Ngisho nalabo bantu abakwazi ukuthenga amathikithi ngamabhulekhi ayizinkulungwane ezilodwa, banquma ukuthi lokhu kwakunganele, futhi bathenga amasheya amaningi, kodwa kakade babe nemali enamandla.

Ngaleso sikhathi, ikusasa likhohlisile abanikeli bombuzo wokuthi i-MMM, yodwa yathi yile nkampani engenza ikusasa labo nekusasa lezingane zabo ziphumelele kakhulu futhi zicebile. Lo mbono uzoshintsha ngokuphawulekayo eminyakeni emithathu, lapho kuvela ukuthi abantu bakhohliswa kalula.

Ngo-2011, uSergei Mavrodi waqala ukuhlela into efana ne-MMM yama-1990. Abamangaza abaningi, abantu baphinde bakholwa nguye. Qaphela futhi ungavumeli indlela ekhohlisayo yokuzikhohlisa okwesibili. Mhlawumbe, uthembela kulo muntu akufanele ahlale. Ngemva nje kwesikhathi lapho abantu abaningi bekhohlwa ngale nkohliso enkulu, futhi abatshalizimali abatsha abangakwazi ukukhula, uMavrodi wabuye wanquma ukuthola imali eningi.