Iyini inqubo ukukhethwa uMongameli Russian Federation

Russia, ngokuvumelana iningi abameli - kuba republic kamongameli. Umqulu eyinhloko namandla is bagxila ngaleyo ndlela ezandleni uMongameli, akhethwe ngabantu. Eqinisweni, esebenzisa lokho izinqubo baseRussia ukukhetha uMongameli wayo? Yiziphi izimfuneko abafundela ehhovisi eliphakeme?

Russian ngokhetho: izici key

RF uMthethosisekelo ichaza indlela esemqoka lapho kudlule ukhetho Russian kamongameli - a suffrage ngqo jikelele yezakhamuzi. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi umthetho eyinhloko isimo uthi lutho mayelana ehlukile (kukhona ukhetho ezimbalwa ukuthi okuthunyelwe isikhala seNhloko nesimo) ukhetho, kodwa eziningi nezinye izenzo zomthetho we leli phuzu kudalulwe ngokwanele ngokuningiliziwe.

Umuntu angenza isicelo isikhundla uMongameli WaseRussia, uma asenazo kakade iminyaka engu-35. Lena enye yezinhlobo ezingu nenqubo ukhiye ukhetho. Enye imfuneko ebalulekile - yokuhlala eRussia iminyaka okungenani 10 ubudala ngesikhathi ukhetho. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, njengoba kwaphawula u-abameli eziningana, emithethweni Russian Federation akukho okubonisa ngqo ukuthi ukhetho for iposi kaMengameli we Russian Federation kungaba umuntu owayezelwe eRussia.

Kangakanani ukuqokwa ukhetho? Umuntu kungaba ozobhapathizwa ukuthi ngeke ukuphakamisa iqembu nezinye izakhamuzi noma inhlangano yokhetho. Kungenzeka futhi ukuba nokuzitusa. Izinto eziphathelene nezidingo ukhetho ngoba ehhovisi eliphakeme yomphakathi WaseRussia, kabanzi.

Oqokiwe ukhetho: ezicashile

Yiziphi izidingo zokunikwa ukubamba iqhaza Umhlangano ku ngokhetho? Inqubo yokukhethwa uMongameli Russian Federation kuhlanganisa le mithetho elandelayo mayelana nalesi sici. Abafundela post of yombuso Russian, njengoba sibonile ngenhla, ungakwazi iqhaza okhethweni njengoba indlela yokuzithiba, futhi kwaloba izinhlangano - lezi ngokuvamile ziyasho ukuthi kukhona amaqembu.

Esimweni sokuqala, isakhamuzi, efuna ukuthola izandla zabo phezu amandla uMongameli Russian Federation, nakuba wenabisela ngokwayo, nokho kumele uthole ukwesekwa okungenani 500 Bakwethu zabo. Kulokhu, ofaka isicelo sokuba inhloko yezwe iyadingeka ukuze efanele ukubhalisa "support group" yakho ku-CEC. Esimeni sesibili - lapho wabaholi beqembu ubeka phambili - lokhu inhlangano yomphakathi kufanele ngokomthetho ezincwadini isimo. Kuba semtsetfweni wakhe - okungenani unyaka ngaphambi ngokhetho. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ngaphansi kombandela wokuthi ikhandidethi ophakanyisiwe iqembu, akumelwe abe ilungu. obdeninenie zomphakathi ePhalamende, bangayisekela ikhandidethi eyodwa kuphela kumele zikhethwe inhloko yezwe.

Kuzo zombili lezi zimo - self-lokuphakamisa noma ukusekela iqembu - nembangi ehhovisi likaMongameli iphoqelekile ukuba inikeze kuya CEC okungenani 1 million amasignisha. Kulindeleke ukuthi uvumele ukuqokwa. Inombolo enkulu amasignisha ngamunye yezihloko umfelandawonye kumele singeqi ayizinkulungwane 70. Lokhu ikhandidethi imfuneko kungagwenywa uma ukuba acele ukusekela iqembu kokuba wemiyalo ebhekiswe ekhona Duma State.

Ukulungiselela nokuziphatha kokhetho

Ukhetho ikhanda Russian wombuso omiswe endlini engenhla weSigungu Federal. Isinqumo okuhambisanayo igunya kufanele uthathe okungenani izinyanga 3 ngaphambi kosuku okuhloswe ukhetho kaMongameli. Uma kuvela ukuthi ezinsukwini 35 ngaphambi kosuku lokuvota ohlwini lokhetho ngeke libekhona 2 ukhetho, okhethweni ngeke luhlehliswe omunye izinsuku ezingu-60.

Njengomthetho, izinyanga ezimbalwa ngaphambi kosuku kulindeleke we ivoti inhloko yezwe eRussia iqala umkhankaso wokhetho. Ukhetho efuna limethembe izakhamuzi wahlanganyela ukukhangisa zezombusazwe, ahlele mpikiswano, ukuqhuba umsebenzi ungakheka isithombe sabo esihle emehlweni abavoti.

RF uMongameli kubanjwe lukhetfo lolukhululekile ngeSonto lokuqala lwenyanga lapho Izakhamuzi zezwe lethu liye okhethweni okokugcina. Umthetho uhlinzekela kungenzeka ukuthi Federation uMkhandlu, noma ngabe yisiphi isizathu, musa babamise ngaphakathi zokukhokha edingekayo. Kulokhu, inqubo yokukhethwa uMongameli Russian Federation ukuthi isinyathelo uya izandla CEC. Lokhu umzimba umisa abanye futhi uyobenza ukhetho nge Esimeni esinjalo, ngeSonto lesibili enyangeni efanayo, okuyinto evamile Federation Council kufanele aqoke umcimbi ezifanele.

okhethweni

Uma ngabe umhlolwa kokuthunyelwe yokuba inhloko isimo lithole ezingaphezu kuka-50% wamavoti, masinyane iba uMongameli-abakhethiweyo. Uma yiningi - inikezwa emzuliswaneni wesibili. On yokuthi lomhlangano nguMongameli ungumuntu othola ivoti okungenani oyedwa ezingaphezu kuka imbangi yakhe.

Imigomo ehhovisi

Ithemu ukhetho uMongameli Russian Federation, eyasungulwa umthetho - iminyaka 6. Nokho, amandla akhe ayavalwa ababulawa ngokushesha njengoba iposi kuza ikhanda entsha isimo. Umthetho uhlinzekela zimo lapho uMongameli angase afake incwadi yokusula. Kulokhu, lo Federation Council ubophekile ukuba ushayele ekuseni ukhetho. Isikhathi lapho amalunga kumele ihlangabezane, - ezinsukwini ezingu-14 kusukela ngosuku lapho uMongameli liyaphela amandla. usuku Ukhetho, kuleli cala - NgeSonto lokugcina ngaphambi kosuku lapho yisikhathi kwezinsuku ezingu-90 kusukela Ukuhamba uMongameli esikhundleni.

Lapho okhethweni engavumelekile

Inqubo yokukhethwa uMongameli Russian Federation ivumela ukuqashelwa kokhetho engavumelekile uma inhloko yezwe. Lapho lokhu? I simo sokuqala: lidlule round yesibili, umfundi kodwa nguye kuphela, futhi amkhethile okungenani u-50% izakhamuzi. Futhi, kungenzeka ukhetho limenyezelwe ayivumelekile Umangabe kungekho kulokhu ukhetho uthola ngaphezu kwesigamu amavoti e ngomzuliswano wokuqala. Enye - ngesikhathi ukhetho, bonke abantu abaqokelwe ukuvotelwa emjarhweni. Futhi sicabanga inqubo yokhetho okuyothiwa ayivumelekile uma abantu abeze kade lingaphansi kuka-50% abavoti ababhalisiwe. Cabangela izici inhlangano langempela emzuliswaneni wesibili.

Eyesibili round kokhetho

Russian kamongameli inqubo yokhetho inikeza ukuthi umzuliswano wesibili wokhetho lobumengameli, wawuba ngasekuqaleni ezingama-21 emva kokuqala. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uma omunye abazobhapathizwa asebephumelele esigabeni esilandelayo, unqume ukuyeka nokuzibandakanya nokhetho, ke wayesemthatha umuntu, kwaba ingxenye yesithathu ngomzuliswano wokuqala. Nokho, simo kungenzeka lapho izakhamuzi Russian lizokhetha uMongameli esigabeni sesibili, iqhaza ikhandidethi. Yiqiniso, kule emzuliswaneni wesibili kumele amaphuzu okungenani 50% wamavoti yezakhamuzi. Qaphela ukuthi ngaphansi kwalesi sigaba imisebenzi amakhetho izimfuneko ukubukeka khona.

Lapho ukhetho ayivumelekile

Inqubo yokukhethwa uMongameli Russian Federation kufaka simo lapho ukhetho kuthiwa ayivumelekile. Kungenzeka, isibonelo, uma imiphumela ivoti avele okunokwethenjelwa insufficiently ngenxa yokwephula. Enye - uma inombolo ethize izindawo (ukwakha-ikota eyodwa noma ngaphezulu inombolo ephelele abavoti) imiphumela yokhetho baziwa lokhu noma ezinye izizathu, ezingavumelekile. Enye simo - chitha inkantolo yokhetho.

Uma wokhetho lobumengameli ihlukaniswa njengoba lingaphelele noma lingavumelekile, kanye uma ku emzuliswaneni wesibili, kokubili ukhetho sebeyekile iqhaza emncintiswaneni for the post kaMengameli we Upper Chamber of iPhalamende Russian Federation lucwaningo inqubo kabusha ukhetho inhloko yezwe. Kufanele poizoyti phezu nezinyanga ezine ezalandela kusukela ngosuku lapho kwenziwa isinqumo ukuqaphela ukhetho odlule ayivumelekile.

Zingaki izikhathi bangaba uMongameli?

Njengoba sibonile ngenhla, igama elithi ka ukhetho uMongameli Russian Federation - iminyaka 6. Omunye futhi umuntu ofanayo ngesikhathi esifanayo alikwazi ehhovisi isikhathi engaphezu kwemibili okuhambisanayo ilandelana. Kulokhu, uMongameli we uhulumeni Russian Federation kungaba waphinda ubuyele ezandleni isakhamuzi ngemva umlandeli wakhe izosebenza ngesikhathi esifanele emsebenzini.

UMongameli eqala ehhovisi

ngemva kwezinsuku ezingu-30 le kubanjwe lukhetfo lolukhululekile ikhanda lika isimo Russian futhi kunqunywa winner, inqubo entry ezenziwe okhethelwe ukuba nguMongameli Russian ehhovisi. Lo mcimbi ngokuvamile bukhoma ku-TV isimo nezinye iziteshi zomsakazo. Ehholo elikhulu, lapho ukungena uMongameli ehhovisi, kungase ubuhanjelwe nabameleli bohulumeni, amaqembu ezombusazwe, izinhlangano zomphakathi ka eRussia nakwamanye amazwe.

Phakathi komcimbi, ubuhanjelwe iSigele endlini engenhla ephalamende, uMbuso Duma kanye iNkantolo yoMthethosisekelo abahluleli Russian Federation, inhloko entsha isimo ithatha isifungo. Ngemva kwalokho ongenza igunya lakhe esisemthethweni nje akuthathi beka owalandela noma kuze abantu ungaphindi ukhetha kuye, ebukhoneni ithuba elifanele zomthetho.

Sokuphrinta ngesifungo

Isifungo akumenzi umuntu oye wakhonza njengephayona esebenza inhloko yoMbuso, uma odlule ayeke amandla ayo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo kuletha uMongameli kabusha kuqokwa we the Russian Federation - ngendlela efanayo njengoba ayenzile izikhathi zangaphambilini. Kuthatha ikhanda isifungo eNkantolo yoMthethosisekelo.

Inqubo okukhulunywa inikezwa kwamanye amazwe amaningi emhlabeni wonke. Ngo eziningi uthi, njengoba kwaphawula u-abameli eziningana, uMongameli uzathatha ehhovisi kuphela ngemva kokuba ufungiswe. ukwakhiwa okunjalo, ikakhulukazi, ekhona emiThethwenikambiso we Czech Republic naseSlovakia. Ochwepheshe abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi inkambiso efanayo elikhona Russia, ngokusekelwe ezinye obekwe umthetho oyinhloko ezweni lethu. abameli Ngakho, kunenkolelo okhethelwe ukuba nguMongameli akufanele ngokusemthethweni, ngokusebenzisa izinqubo ngokomthetho lesifanele ukuthatha ehhovisi ngaphandle kokuthatha isifungo. Nakuba liyisibonelo oqondile ngemiphumela bemvelo efana imithetho Russian Federation akukho.

Amalungelo nemisebenzi ye inhloko yezwe

Yiziphi amalungelo eziyisisekelo uMongameli Russian eqinisweni ethathe izintambo? Abameli afaka inombolo yabo okulandelayo:

- ukuqokwa uNdunankulu (noma uNdunankulu);

- Ukuphathwa wemihlangano Uhulumeni;

- ukuqokwa kwe-referendum civil;

- ukwesula kaHulumeni.

Kanye amalungelo yombuso Russian zinezibopho. Phakathi ukhiye - kokuqhuba inqubomgomo angaphandle yezwe, ukwethulwa izikweletu ephalamende, ngemvume inqubo zokugcina ukwemukelwa wezenzo zomthetho, ukushicilelwa imithombo yayo - izimiso, ama-oda. Phawula ukuthi abanye abameli musa ukuhlukanisa phakathi amalungelo uMongameli Russian futhi imisebenzi yakhe, bekholelwa ukuthi kwanele kunzima ukunquma kulesi simo nenqubo oludingekayo. Ngokwesibonelo, umagazini efanayo izinqumo, ngokusho kongoti, ke singasho sithi womuntu.

ngezimali kokhetho

Iyini inqubo yokukhethwa uMongameli Russian Federation-aspect zezimali? Njengoba ingxenye enkulu yomsebenzi imisebenti lemayelana ukulungiselela kanye ukuziphatha okusebenzayo yokhetho umengameli isiRashiya, ikhokhelwa ngezithukuthuku isabelomali sikahulumeni. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngamunye kulabo abazobhapathizwa iyadingeka ukudala izimali zabo ngoba izimali ezengeziwe imicimbi lokhetho.

Besebenzisa izimali ngaphansi olufanele ezikhungweni abafundela isikhundla sikaMongameli kufanele, kulandela imithetho yezwe ezilungisiwe yokubika.

Ukubalwa amavoti nokushicilelwa kwamaqoqo Imiphumela

Ngokufunda inqubo yokukhethwa uMongameli Russian Federation, halamuzi isici ukubala amavoti nokushicilelwa kwamaqoqo imiphumela umcimbi lokhetho. Ngemva poll ivaliwe - at 20 pm wesikhathi sendawo, iqala, ngokulandelana, efingqa imiphumela yokhetho. Endaweni Commission cwaningo amashidi, izibalo zinikwa kwakhiwa yezifiso nedatha ithunyelwa CEC. Imiphumela ke ngokufingqiwe idokhumenti eyabiwe. A isamba esikhulu izinkinga kulesi sici kufezwa ngokusebenzisa ephezulu ubuchwepheshe isisetshenziswa - isimo uhlelo oluzenzekelayo ivoti nokubalwa ukuhlaziya ngokwezibalo kwemininingwane yocwaningo.

Incwadi engokomthetho imiphumela wafunda izenzakalo lokhetho, kanye nezinombolo amavoti cast ngayinye ikhandidethi kumele kwenziwe ezinsukwini ezingu-3 emva olandelwayo yokugcina Central Ukhetho Commission zizokwenziwa. Idatha ngayinye zokuvota indawo kukhona ukuba kunyatheliswe izincwadi ezisemthethweni CEC ezinsukwini ezingu-10. Njengomthetho, ngisho nangaphambi kokuba imiphumela yokhetho zikhonjiswa emphakathini, zezenhlalo yabika imiphumela ophumayo-poll - ucwaningo abavoti at the ophumayo ezivela ezindaweni indawo ukuvumela izakhamuzi ukuthola umqondo anolaka mayelana nomphumela ivoti.

Umsebenzi wokuqala ngemuva kokhetho

Njengoba usuyitadishile indlela ithatha ehhovisi njengoba uMengameli we-Russian Federation, inqubo yokhetho, amandla umuntu akhethwe ngabantu, singacabangela yilokhu izinyathelo kuqala uMongameli izixazululo lomthetho-aspect zezinkinga ukulawula zezombusazwe. Iqiniso lokuthi entry sikaMongameli ehhovisi lakhe ephelezelwa ezinye lezinyathelo ezingokomthetho eziphathelene isakhiwo izikhungo zikahulumeni. Ikakhulukazi, sichithiwe ngu amalungu kahulumeni - lawa izidingo esikhathini umthetho olawula imisebenzi ophakeme isigungu. Futhi, njengoba kwaphawula u-ezinye izazi ukuba kokushintsha, njengoba umthetho, isakhiwo Uhlaka e sikaMongameli Administration, futhi kwezinye izimo ogunyaziwe abameleli inhloko yezwe endlini engenhla wePhalamende futhi ezifundeni yase de jure basuswa ezihlalweni zabo.

Nokho, amalungu langempela amayunithi afanele uqhubeke ukwenza umsebenzi wabo imisebenzi baze babelwa ezinye izikhulu nalapho izinhloko ejensi noma ngokomthetho ukugcina isikhundla sakhe njengoMbusi abasebenzi lamanje. Ngakho, ngemva kokuthatha kuqala ukhetho uMongameli Russian Federation lephatselene nekubekwa okuthunyelwe e-Government. Ngezinye izikhathi - nokuphathwa inhloko yezwe futhi eziningi nezinye izakhiwo zokubusa kwezombangazwe. Izinguquko uma isakhiwo se-Russian Federation Office of the President? Phakathi izazi kungekho ukuvumelana ngale ndaba, kodwa eRussia umthetho - imithetho ngabe ngendlela ehlelekile luqondiswa yizimiso kwabasebenzi Ukujikeleza kule isitho. Ngakho, uMnyango Administrative uMongameli we Russian Federation - umzimba ukuthi isebenza ngokuzimela yiziphi izinqubo abonisa amakhetho inhloko yezwe.

Ukhetho isimo impi

Njengoba ukuthi, yimaphi amalungelo nezibopho unephutha uMongameli, ukhetho kanye namandla we-yombuso Russian, watadisha isici yokufeza izinqubo ezifanele yokhetho labuswa umthetho. Ngempela, uma izwe nganoma yisiphi isizathu, esehudulelwa ukushayisana ngamazwe, labantu mhlawumbe akukhona kuze kube kokhetho kanye uhlanga kamongameli.

Qaphela ukuthi uMthetho Basic - uMthethosisekelo - engashongo lutho Ezimweni ezinjalo. Nakuba uMthetho Federal "Ngo-Martial uMthetho" Waphawula ukuthi iyiphi iziphathimandla ukhetho, kanye referendums, kungukuthi kwenziwe izinto ezithile ezifanele. Okungukuthi, uMongameli bazosala ihhovisi njengoba nje umthetho karate ngeke kukhanselwe. Isikhathi sokuba sesikhundleni inhloko yezwe ngaleyo ndlela uzobe enwetshiwe ngisho uma isivele wasebenza iminyaka 6. Umthetho ofanayo, njengoba kwaphawula u-abameli, futhi kusebenza kweminye iziphathimandla. By the way, emazweni amaningi umbuso zomthetho inikeza imithetho efanayo.

Ingabe Russia babe likamongameli?

Cha, akukho okuthunyelwe okunjalo ezweni lethu. Nokho, kwakukhona izikhathi lapho ekhona ohlelweni lwamandla. Isibonelo, ngesikhathi lapho isikhungo sikaMongameli sivele khona - kuqala ku-USSR, bese kuthi eminyakeni yokuqala emva kokubunjwa kwe-Russian Federation. Kodwa kuMsombuluko, owamukelwa ngo-1993, kwakungekho ulwazi mayelana nesimo se-vice-president. Njengalokhu kungabikho kwezichibiyelo ezilandelayo kumthetho oyisisekelo wezwe. Abameli bayaphawula ukuthi i-vice-mongameli ukhona ohlelweni lwamandla wenani elincanyana lamazwe. Okokuqala, umuntu angabona ukuthuthukiswa kwesiko elihambisanayo e-USA, kwamanye amazwe aseYurophu, isibonelo, eBulgaria noma eCyprus.