Izakhiwo Civil ukuzivikela: ngezigaba, izinhlobo

izakhiwo ukuzivikela Civil kuthiwa azinze ngokuhambisana nemithetho wokwakha neziqondiso Inombolo II-11-77. Ngokusho kwale dokhumenti, izinto ezifana lingakhiwa, kanye khulula-ukuma, uma amathuba ibhekelela alikho. Lowo Mbhalo wangonyaka we inikeza ithuba ukubeka zokukhosela egumbini elingaphansi futhi egumbini elingaphansi futhi esitezi sokuqala, uma ukuvumela ukwenza nesakhiwo nezimpawu zokuhlela isakhiwo.

Yini okufanele ibe indawo ephephile?

izakhiwo ukuzivikela Civil kufanele ifakwe okuthunyelwe sanitary eyodwa kubantu abangu-500 concealable. Kulokhu, izinhlangothi kuyakuba hhayi ngaphansi kuka amamitha amabili kwesikwele ngasinye. Uma into yakhelwe ukumboza 900 wathola nokuningi, ngaphezu okuthunyelwe, kumele ifakwe isikhungo sezokwelapha (nge endaweni hhayi ngaphansi kuka 9 square metres).

Isetshenziswa uma kungekho impi

Civil izakhiwo ukuzivikela ngokuhambisana SNIP ngenhla ngesikhathi non-lempi ingasetshenziswa zokugqoka, ukuhweba neyokudla, izingxenye kwamasiko tinning, emagalaji, ezemidlalo kanye nokwesekwa izindawo. izinqumo zabo ukuhlela kanye nomklamo incike indlela kwesicelo. Ngokuvamile, umuntu oyedwa Kusolwa kokuchezukisa okungenani isikwele nengxenye. square metres amabili abaphuma ukusatshalaliswa (zihlalo). Uma indawo yokuhlala amazinga amathathu, ngamunye endaweni kuyehla kancane, ne ivolumu esingekho ngaphansi elilodwa amamitha isigamu umuntu ngamunye.

izakhiwo Avikelayo Civil Defense anemisila zihlalo, imibhede for embhedeni, bona ukusungula amadivayisi inhlanzeko sanitary e ethile isihlobo mass labantu lifika. Ngokwesibonelo, ezindaweni zokukhosela kufanele okungenani eyodwa yokugeza 200, uma kuba lapho kuvezwa (okungenani 100, uma indawo yokuhlala ihlelwe nge esibhedlela). Akhiwa nge yokuntwela iphethini ugongolo noma izibuya beamless. I ukushuba we izindonga kakhonkolo babe phakathi eziyishumi amasentimitha 0.5 amamitha. izindonga Ngaphandle ebekelwa ukushisa-ekuvikeleni ungqimba ngokhonkolo, ilahle block, slag noma inhlabathi engaphezulu, sokuxazulula ukupholisa uhlelo njll nokuvikela.

Izinhlobo kanye ngezigaba

Ukwahlukanisa ezakhiwe oluvikelayo ukuzivikela civil kusekelwe ukwehlukana kwabo ukukhoseliswa, elula futhi fallout zokukhosela. Eyokuqala kuthiwa angase azivikele ezinobuthi, ngezinto eziphila kuzo noma afakwe imithi imikhiqizo enobungozi nabanye. Bemisebe yokukhosela eyenzelwe esehlanganise labantu emisebeni ionizing, uthuli enemisebe, ngemisebe yokukhanya, ukushaqeka wave yomthelela obhubhisayo izinsalela. izakhiwo ezilula emiseleni ayecashe kuyo futhi izimbobo Imbondela, izinqolobane zewayini, maqhugwane mancane amathuba okuthi ukuvikela la maqiniso angenhla kanye weatherproof.

amafomu akhona of ukuvikelwa izakhiwo ukuzivikela civil ayahluka ekilasini kwempahla, ngaphansi kwemibandela ye ukwakhiwa (pre-wakha noma esakhiwe ngokushesha), ngokuya umthamo (elikhulu kubhekwa uyisiphephelo, ehlalisa abantu abangaphezu kuka-1000). Antiradiation izakhiwo nazo ihlukaniswe isimiso ukwakhiwa esakhiwe ngokukhethekile aguqulelwe lokuvikeleka kwezifiso ezisemqoka ezingumphumela izakhiwo ezikhona kakade.

Phakathi izenzo zakamuva lempi abantu abaningi balithatha zokuzivikela yokukhosela ohlelweni oluhlukile. Ngokwesibonelo, cishe yonke pre-impi esiteshini eMoscow komhlaba steel ibhomu zokukhosela. Lapha, hhayi kuphela abantu babe ukufihla, kodwa sasingababonayo amandla izinto ezibalulekile, ezifana okuthunyelwe umyalo (esiteshini "Kirov"), futhi agcinwe enesizotha, ezifana Umkhosi on 7 Novemba.