Omude kunayo yonke owake parallel - Enkabazwe

Isidingo ukunquma ngokunembile indawo komhlaba kanye netintfo elizungezile babe kuqondene kakhulu umuntu ekuqaleni cwaningo asebenzayo planethi.
kwendawo - nobude - zinqunywa iphuzu empambana ezimbili ngengqondo imigqa - izici ezifanayo kanye meridians. Ukufana olude latitude oqala - yenkabazwe.

Umsuka kwegama

Kuvele umugqa ngengqondo esenzelwa phezu amaphuzu imbulunga elise equidistant kusukela izigxobo ezimbili, iplanethi ihlukane ama- ezimbili, ama- ezimbili. Leligama igama umngcele enjalo waqala endulo. Latin «aequator», Equalizer, kwakhiwa kusukela isenzo «aequō» - alinganayo. Ngo umkhuba ngamazwe, "yenkabazwe" langena olimini isiJalimane, kusukela Äquator.

Leli gama linencazelo ajwayelekile. Esikhathini geometry emzimbeni ngakuthathu kokuba Okusizayo perpendicular kokubili eksisi kanye indiza wesimethri, it has yenkabazwe yayo, nalokho okwenzeka omude kunayo yonke - empambana ebusweni umzimba nge indiza wesimethri. Ngo astronomy eyaziwa nenkabazwe yasezulwini, yenkabazwe magnetic iplanethi noma inkanyezi.

Land - iyona geoid

Inkolelo ukuthi umhlaba flat disc ukuma, ephenywa kuphela yizazi yamaGreki asendulo. kwaba sobala ekupheleni kwekhulu XIX, ukuthi ukuma iplanethi yethu - akuyona nje sphere ephelele, kodwa umzimba olukhethekile Ukujikeleza - the geoid, ebusweni okuyinto kuthonywa izici eziningi - ". emoyeni cosmic" amandla adonsela phansi kuya amaphuzu amabili we geoid kuchazwe axis awo ujikeleza - iyona iNyakatho neNingizimu Pole. Equidistant kubo parallel omude kunayo yonke emhlabeni, "okhalweni" eMhlabeni - yenkabazwe.

Kodwa geoid akuyona ngqo, kodwa kuphela cishe echaza umumo planethi. Ukuthi wayezoba ngokungabi bikho izintaba nezigodi, uma kwaba kuphela okuthulile, ebusweni angaphazanyiswa of izilwandle zomhlaba. Leli zinga udlala indima ebalulekile navigation futhi geodesy - umbiko ngaye ukuba nakomaka mpo ngoba izindawo ezihlukahlukene wobuterhiniki.

Ubude yenkabazwe

Qonda okuyinto parallel isikhathi eside ngangokunokwenzeka futhi amagugu ethile izilinganiso weJiyomethri we geoid. Irediyasi yenkabazwe, njengoba imibuthano, "ezaziqoshwe" ku surface eMhlabeni, ilingana engaba iplanethi. izilinganiso Esinembile abonisa ukuthi le ipharamitha kuyahlukahluka ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene kule planethi - engaba polar kuyinto 21.3 km esingaphansi enkabazwe. Isilinganiso value - 6371 km

Ngokusho selilonke ifomula - 2πR - Ungakwazi ukubala ubude yenkabazwe. amazinga abahlukahlukene Geophysical ichaze izinombolo nge umehluko mayelana 3 m isilinganiso - 40075 km. Obungazungeza umugqa owehla nembulunga okuyi - 40.007 km, okuyinto ebonisa izimfanelo ezikhethekile weJiyomethri geoid.

zero-Latitude

Igridi, embozwe one - ezibukwayo imodeli imbulunga - 360 ifomu meridians ngokujoyina izigxobo ezimbili 180 nemigqa parallel yenkabazwe, okuye kwasakazwa eminyakeni izingongolo izingcezu 90 nhlangothi zombili ke. Umsuka longitude kusukela 1884 ubhekwa umugqa owehla nembulunga okuyi ungenisa ngokusebenzisa le Greenwich Observatory, esisogwini eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-dolobha yaseBrithani. Ukufana omude kunayo yonke ehlukanisa wonke ku ama- wasenyakatho nowaseningizimu futhi - umsuka latitude.

Kusebenta - lokhu amagugu emincane, kulinganiswa ngokwamazinga. -Longitude - igebe eliphakathi indiza edabula zero - Greenwich - Meridian nokukodwa esimele umugqa ohlanganisa umhlaba isigxobo futhi likhangwa ngokusebenzisa iphuzu. Ngasempumalanga Greenwich kuya ku-180 ° longitude empumalanga futhi ngokuthi ukuba nombono omuhle, entshonalanga - ke inenani engemihle futhi ubizwa ngokuthi entshonalanga.

Amaphuzu equidistant kusukela izingongolo ukwakha indiza enkabazwe. Irediyasi sisuselwa maphakathi wonke ngokusebenzisa iphuzu kunikezwa ubuso bayo, ukwakha nale indiza engela kabani ezidlula kuyinto latitude. Ukufana elide kakhulu has zero-latitude. Enyakatho yenkabazwe, lokhu engela kubhekwa omuhle - kusuka 0 ° kuya ku-90 °, eningizimu - ezingezinhle.

Izimpawu namasiko

Enkabazwe - kuphela umngcele luyakhohlisa phakathi ama- emibili, kodwa kuye kwashukumisa izingqondo womuntu njalo. Amatilosi ezivela emazweni ahlukahlukene wanquma ukuhambisana nemicikilisho ekhethekile lapho eqa i-zero-latitude, ikakhulukazi kulabo ukukwenza okokuqala. Lapho yenkabazwe sihamba isikhala okuhlalekayo njalo yamisa izimpawu ezikhethekile kanye nezinhlaka ezenza okunemibandela okubaluleke ngempela. izivakashi ezingavamile miss ithuba okuma nomunye unyawo eNingizimu, kanye nezinye - e Nenkabazwe. Khona-ke ukhohlwe igama emhlabeni elide kakhulu okufanayo, akunakwenzeka.

Kodwa kukhona izifunda eziseduze-elisenkabazwe ye-Earth neminye azifani ukuthi abanike value ekhethekile. Ukukhangwa okudonsa kuyinto mncane kunamanye zindawo futhi ukujikeleza umfutho imbulunga ngaphezulu. Lokhu kusindisa eningi i-rocket fuel ukuletha mkhathi ku-orbit. Akwenzekanga ngephutha ukuthi bhé French Guiana ogwini wase-South America iyona ngempumelelo kakhulu sokuqala isikhala eziyinkimbinkimbi - naseKourou spaceport.