Izikhali ze-Hypersonic zaseRussia

Njengoba ubuchwepheshe bezikhali ezintsha kuthuthukisa, inkinga yokubukeza izinyathelo zokuvimbela ezempi iba yiphuthuma kakhulu. Ukuthuthukiswa kokuqala kwezikhali ze-hypersonic kuvivinywa ngamandla yiChina, i-United States ne-England, okuphoqa iRussia ukuba ijoyine kulo mjaho wezikhali, futhi hhayi ngaphandle kwempumelelo. Abaqambi basekhaya basebenza ezindaweni ezimbili eziyinhloko, bengacabangi nje kuphela amandla okulimaza okutholakala nezikhali ze-hypersonic, kodwa nezikhali ezizivikelayo. Ukukhiqizwa komkhiqizo wezinhlobo zalolu hlobo kumazwe athuthukile kungenzeka ukuthi kwenzeke eminyakeni engaba ngu-10, kodwa sekuvele kwaziwa ukuthi isizukulwane sokugcina sokuzivikela komkhonto angeke sikwazi ukumelana nosongo olunjalo.

Izici zezikhali ze-hypersonic

Imisebenzi ebeka ngaphambi kwezikhali ze-hypersonic yayinikezwe ngaphambilini ukuhamba ngemicibisholo esezulwini. Ukuhlolwa kwe-prototypes ye-GO kubonisa ukuthi i-arsenal yesizukulwane esisha i-oda eliphakeme kakhulu kunezo zonke izilinganiso ezikhona ngenxa yejubane elikhulu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izikhali ze-hypersonic zinembile ngokunemba nokusebenza kahle kokubhujiswa. Ngokwenzayo, lokhu kusho ukuthi ukukhishwa kwe-missile yikhono lokuvikela emoyeni lwanamuhla akunakwenzeka noma okungenani kunzima.

Ukuqhubekela phambili ezintweni ezibonisiwe, kungathiwa umphumela wokumangalelwa nawo wadalwa - ukubhujiswa komgomo kwenzeka cishe ngehora ngemuva kokuba isinqumo senziwe. Kunoma yikuphi, izici ezinjalo zikhona isikhali esiphezulu se-Russian hypersonic, esingavumeli isitha ukuba sibe nesikhathi sokulungiselela ukuqhuma. Uma sikhuluma ngobuningi bomonakalo, okwamanje kunqunyelwe amakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane eziningana, kodwa esikhathini esizayo esiseduze kungenzeka ukuthi ufinyelele kunoma iyiphi indawo emhlabeni.

I-hypersonic cannon

Enye yezentuthuko ezithembisayo kakhulu eRussia kuleli klasini kukhona izikhali ze-hypersonic e-aerodynamic - i-canon electromagnetic (noma i-catapult). Lena iphrojekthi enkulu yokwenza izindiza zokuqalisa, ezakhiwa yinhlangano eyimfihlo. Noma kunjalo, kuyaziwa ukuthi isibhamu sogesi asisetshenziswa nje kuphela njengemoto eqondile yezinyathelo eziphuthumayo izindiza ezingeni eliphezulu. Kucatshangwa ukuthi le-catapult izofakwa kwi-carrier yezindiza ekhethekile ne-displacement yamathani angaba ngu-80 000, okwakhiwa ngalo kuzogcwaliswa ngo-2018.

Kuze kube manje, kunezikhali ezifanayo zezikhali ezifanayo eChina nase-United States. Mayelana neCelestial, le datha ayikaqinisekisiwe, kodwa i-Pentagon iye yahlakulela lesi siqondiso iminyaka engaba ngu-10 futhi manje ine-EMALS ukufakwa kwezindiza ze-Gerald Ford.

Ama-rocket ama-Hypersonic

Ngokokuqala ngqa, isidingo sokusebenzisa ama-ultra-high velocities emiphakathini yabizwa e-USSR lapho kwenziwa imizamo yokwengeza i- missile ye - ballistic ngamacala angaphezulu aphikisana namaphiko esikhundleni sezinto zenuzi. Ukuqhubeka kwalo mqondo yizikhali ezintsha ze-hypersonic zaseRussia ngendlela yezindiza ze-hypersonic (GLA). Ngaphandle kwejubane elingakaze livele (okungaphezu kuka-5 000 m / s), uhlelo luyakwazi ukushintsha i-trajectory - kuyimodeli yezindiza engeyona eyejwayelekile eyenza imoto ihlukile. I-GLA iyakwazi ukungena isikhala iphinde ibuyele emkhathini ngesikhathi sokunyakaza, okungenakwenzeka ngisho nakweminye imicibisholo yesimanje.

Noma kunjalo, i-US ayizinaki lezo zintuthuko. Enye into ukuthi ngokwezimpawu namandla okukwazi ukukwenza, aphansi kakhulu kunezinhlelo ezifuywayo zasekhaya. Njengamanje, i-US inezikhali ze-hypersonic zaleli klasi ezinhlotsheni eziningana, phakathi kwazo ziyi-Hyper-X ne-HySTR. Njengoba ukuthuthukiswa kuyimfihlakalo, ulwazi oluphathelene nabo luyingcosana, kodwa kwaziwa ukuthi amanye awo adalwe esiteji semicibisholo ye-ballistic yezikhali zamasu, esezikhishiwe kakade ekukhiqizeni.

Izindlela zokuvikela

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, cishe wonke amazwe aholele ukuthuthukiswa ekuqondeni kwezikhali ze-hypersonic ezihloswe ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha okuvela emoyeni wokuzivikela. Kodwa ngakolunye uhlangothi, kwakukhona nesidingo esicacile sokuvikelwa ezinkambisweni ezifanayo zesitha, ngoba izinhlelo ezikhona zokuzivikela azizuzi lutho ngaphambi kokuba imicibisholo ibambe ngesivinini esiphakeme kakhulu.

Isiqondiso esithembisayo ekudaleni isizukulwane esisha yizinhlelo zokuzivikela ze-aerospace - ngalesi sikhathi kuphela zingabalwa ngamakhono ukuthi izikhali ze-hypersonic zinayo. Kule ndaba, iRussia Federation inezikhathi eziningi, njengoba kuboniswa yizibonelo ze-thermobaric nezikhali zamagesi. Naphezu kwalokhu, azikho amasampuli alungile noma ngisho nemibono, ngokusho ukuthi ubani ongakhuluma ngokuvikeleka okuthembekile ezimpini ze-hypersonic. Ukuthuthukiswa okuwukuphela kwendlela okungase kube nomsebenzi wokuzivikela emhlabathini kuyisistimu ye-missile ye-S-500, okubonakalayo kulindeleke kuphela.

Ukuthinta umphumela

Nakuba abaningi beqhathanisa amandla okunqotshwa kwezikhali ze-hypersonic ngokuwa kwe-meteorite (ikakhulukazi ngenxa yejubane lokushaja), impi ayinayo izinto eziqhumayo, ukuxoshwa kwezikhali akusongeli into yesitha. Noma kunjalo, izikhali ze-hypersonic ziyingozi enkulu. Amandla amakhulu, anikezwa kugobolondo lensimbi elivamile elilinganiselwa ku-20 kg, ngesikhathi sokuqala kutholakala amandla amancane e-kinetic. Lokhu kuqondiswa umfutho wegesi, okhuphuka lapho intuthuko idlula phakathi kwemizila emibili yesiqalisi. Inani elikhulu lamandla emandleni okuqala e-warhead nokususwa kokushisa okuvela emgqonyeni wesibhamu yilokho okwenza ikhono elilimazayo lezikhali ze-hypersonic.

Ama-engines for devices hypersonic

Isisekelo lapho izikhali ze-hypersonic zaseRussia ezithembisayo kakhulu zithuthukiswa, namanje ziyijethi yezindiza zendiza entsha yesizukulwane. Kukhona ukugeleza kwe-rocket-direct, izitshalo ze-turbo-straight and direct flow flow, ezikuvumela ukuba unciphise ubuningi bezinto zokusebenza, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo ugcine amandla okulimaza kakhulu. Isibonelo, izinjini ezihamba ngokuqondile zingabandakanya amadivayisi we-HVRD ne-SPVRD, asethuthukile kusukela ngawo-1960 futhi namhlanje anesistimu ehlelekile yokusebenza ngesivinini se-ultra-high.

Ezinye izindawo zokuthuthukiswa

Umqondo wezikhali ze-hypersonic uthola izindawo kwezinye izindawo zokukhiqiza ezempi zasendlini. Isibonelo, ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obunjalo buvunyelwe ngisho nasekudalweni kwamabhomu. Izibhamu ezibizwa ngokuthi i-wave-gun, ezifana nemicibisholo, zinezikimu ezingavamile ze-aerodynamic ezivumela ukuba zifake isikhala sangaphandle bese zilondoloza uphethiloli. Futhi, abamele umkhakha wezokuvikela bakhulume kaningi ukuthi iRussia ilungiselela izimpi ezintsha, okukhumbuza izikhali ze-hypersonic zase-US zohlobo lwe-CAV FALCON.

Mhlawumbe, lezi ziyizindiza ezingenasimo, lapho kuzofakwa khona injini yejethi yesizukulwane esisha. Ngandlela-thile, ububanzi bezinkomba abahlinzeki basekhaya abasebenza kakhulu futhi esikhathini esizayo kufanele banikeze ukuvikelwa okunokwethenjelwa kanye namakhono ayenzayo okucasula.

Isiphetho

Ekuqondeni kwamanje, izikhali ze-hypersonic zathokoza ngenxa ye-United States, lapho umqondo "wesiteleka esheshayo emhlabeni wonke" usungulwa. Phakathi nezinkulungwane ezimbili uhlanga lwempi lwaluqala, eminyakeni yamuva isigaba sokuhlola se-prototypes yokuqala yezikhali ze-hypersonic sidlulile. I-Russia kulo, uma kungenjalo owokuqala, ingenye yezindawo eziholayo.

Izinzuzo zalo azibandakanyi ukuthuthukiswa okujulile kwezinyathelo ezikhona kulo mkhakha, kodwa futhi kungenzeka ukuhlanganisa umqondo wezikhali ze-hypersonic missile nezindawo zokuzivikela endaweni. Ngokuhambisana nalokhu, ukuthuthukiswa kwezindiza kuthuthukiswa, izinhlobo ezihlukile zezinto zokushisa zihlolwa, kufaka phakathi i-hydrogen, amagobolondo nezinjini zemishini yezempi ye-hypersonic.