Izilwane iRed Encwadi endaweni Samara: incazelo kanye nezithombe

ukuxhashazwa sokungacabangi imithombo yemvelo abantu emhlabeni yayisho ezazikhona eside ngaphambi ukubukeka isilwane nokuphila plant kancane kancane baqala ukufa.

Ungakwazi Yiqiniso, indiva iqiniso lokuthi nsuku zonke emhlabeni wonkana futhi ngamunye esifundeni yayo wanyamalala ezinye uhlobo isilwane noma isinambuzane, kodwa umphumela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kuyoba eyodwa - Earth iyoba engafanele ukuphila.

Izwe ngalinye has ubufakazi ayo ukushabalala nemvelo - Red Book, ezivuma izilwane ezisengozini yokuqothulwa ka yezimila nezilwane ezihlukahlukene. Izilwane we neSamara region, ezisohlwini Incwadi Red, akuyona ngaphandle.

Samara esifundeni

Ngokuya zemvelo neSamara region eqhathanisa kahle ne nezinye izifunda Russian ahambisana ezindaweni eziningana zemvelo. Kule ndawo kukhona emaqeleni, izintaba, amahlathi kanye nehlathi-asemaqeleni. Njengoba iqhwa ngesikhathi engu ice futhi kungazange kufinyelele kule ndawo, kukhona zimbali ezikhula, walondoloza kusukela ngalezo zikhathi. Lona umcimbi ezingavamile kakhulu, futhi ngeshwa ikakhulukazi ukuthi izimila nezilwane ezaba khona amashumi ezinkulungwane eminyaka ukuba zinyamalale ngenxa yomsebenzi womuntu.

It kusindisa isimo ngasekupheleni 20-yalolucwaningo Zhiguli Reserve, kodwa namanje avunyelwe Red egwalweni neSamara region baqhubeka ukunciphisa inani lazo.

Samara esifundeni oluthatha indawo, eziningi zazo iya ebhange kwesokudla iVolga wabiza Trans-iVolga. 9% kuphela emaphethelweni ewela ibhange kwesokunxele emfuleni, othiwa Oku. Endaweni kukhona ezilwandle ezimbili, eyayenziwe kwakhiwa Kuibyshev futhi Saratov HPP. Futhi, zikhona 306 izikhumbuzo zemvelo, ezinye zazo kubaluleke kazwelonke.

iyisilwane esisengozini izinambuzane

Uma ubhekisisa ngubani efakwe ohlwini e Red egwalweni neSamara region, phakathi abamele emhlabeni isilwane kukhona 17 zezintaka izinambuzane, ogama labantu lehla njalo ngonyaka. Lezi zihlanganisa amaqembu Orthoptera futhi ojekamanzi, futhi amabhungane, Lepidoptera futhi Hymenoptera. izinyoni ezingavamile kakhulu:

• Dozorschik-umbusi - omunye enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni ka ojekamanzi. I namaphiko lesi sinambuzane babe kufika ku-50 mm, umzimba oluhlaza ngemivimbo black. Umsila lowesilisa siluhlaza, kuyilapho insikazi - oluhlaza, kodwa futhi labo kwezinye kuwo wonke emuva inohlelo black band. Lolu hlobo ojekamanzi lokundiza nokuzingela liyathuthuka ngokushesha okukhulu, ekubambeni izinambuzane usebenzisa spikes phezu imilenze, okuyinto akha uhlobo "ubhasikidi" ukuba liyobamba u inyamazane. Isizathu sokuba ukunyamalala - nokungcoliswa imizimba amanzi, lapho ahlala khona, imithi yokubulala izinambuzane. Abahlala Endaweni Zhiguli Reserve.

• Njengesixhumo sezindluzele ibhungane akuyona eyigeza kakhulu futhi ngokubabazekayo kuphela, kodwa futhi kuba ilungu elikhulu nanjengendluzele oda e-Europe. Isizathu zokunciphisa imiphakathi yabo ukubhujiswa izindawo zemvelo. Njengesixhumo sezindluzele mabhungane uphile futhi zohlobo in iziqu zezihlahla ubudala. Timber umkhakha akuvamile evumela kwemithi "ubudala."

Ezinye izinhlobo ze-izinambuzane, vodivshiesya kulezi zingxenye, akusiyo nje izilwane Red egwalweni Samara esifundeni. Babonakala ohlwini izinambuzane Russian kanye zaseYurophu ezingavamile ezifana Apollo abavamile, Moustache Alpine nabanye.

zezinyoni ezingavamile izitshalo

Esikhathini neSamara region kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka 2,000 zezitshalo. 20% kuphela insimu yalo iwukuba ihlathi, lonke - ezimfundeni, asemaqeleni kanye ihlathi asemaqeleni.

Amahlathi ezivamile Scots zikaphayini, yebo isihlekehleke somuthi, birch, Linden, Maple kanye Elm. Inzalo enkulu kukhona ezimfundeni, njengoba ubuswa Ezehlakalweni ezingakajayeleki evikela Red egwalweni Samara esifundeni. Izilwane kanye nezitshalo kabani olwenzeka endaweni kuyinto zotshani, angaphansi nengozi enkulu yokuqothulwa kunanoma yini kwezinye izindawo. Ngemuva kokushiya yamanzi ezimfundeni iqala ukukhula okusheshayo izitshalo ezingavamile, okuyinto ayafa abantu ukuze athole inzuzo.

Phakathi kwabo, 60 zama-primrose: incembe Schrenk, lily esigodini, Adonis entwasahlobo, Tulip ongaphakeme, imbulunga European nabanye abaningi.

Eziningi zalezi izitshalo babe ayelapha, ngakho nokubhujiswa kwabo ngesihluku kuyinto yisigwebo umthetho "On the ukuvikeleka kwebhoduluko kanye nemvelo."

iyisilwane esisengozini

Izilwane iRed egwalweni Samara ndawo singaphansi kosongo lokuqothulwa. Kule minyaka 100 eminyakeni, kusukela endaweni yalesi sifunda alikakangilahlekeli 19 zezilwane, kuhlanganise brown bear, Otter, nezimagqabhagqabha izinyamazane.

Phakathi kwezinhlobo zezinyoni ezingavamile - Muskrat isiRashiya, omele ngobukhulu ezincelisayo ezidla, hhayi kuphela e-Russia kodwa futhi eYurophu. Uma ubude umzimba 22 cm kuya umsila sesilwane ongafinyelela 21 cm, kanye nesisindo - kusuka 380 500 grams. izinyawo leWebhu hhayi banethwe emanzini uyenze ibe noboya isilwane umbhukudi enhle. Nakuba muskrat yamehlo kakhulu, kuba umzingeli kakhulu ngenxa ukunuka touch. ukukhahlamezeka kwendawo - amaxhaphozi kwimfunda kunothile izitshalo nezinambuzane abahlala nabo.

Lesi silwane inganyamalala ngokuphelele ngenxa Isimo esibi imizimba amanzi kule ndawo.

I-European mink

isilwane Uma kuyinto vodilos bakamalalahlengezela e Samara esifundeni amahlathi, kodwa namuhla mink European - omunye izilwane ezisengozini yokuqothulwa ezincelisayo. Kuyinto isilwane enhle enomzimba obukhulu izinhlanzi enhle noboya-ukudla, amagundane kanye amajikijolo, iphele ngoba ukusetshenziswa womuntu zinambuzane sishaye zinambuzane phezu amahlathi.

Isibonelo edabukisayo kwekhulu lama-20 be fundo labo abaphila esikhathini neSamara region namuhla. Kungenjalo, ngemva kweminyaka engu-100 futhi insimu yalo ihlathi ezincelisayo oluyosala nhlobo, noma uzobe sikhumbuza Red egwalweni Samara esifundeni. Izilwane (izithombe uyibonise) akusho kufanele iphathwe.

kwezinhlobo zezinyoni ezingavamile

Ezisengozini zezinyoni kule neSamara region presents gruiformes, izinyoni ezidla inyama, izinyoni zasogwini, futhi omele oda Ciconiiformes.

izilwane ezisengozini Red Encwadi Russia (Samara Region), kulekelelwa izinhlobo ezinjalo izinyoni:

• Black Kunogolantethe - inyoni ezingavamile, hhayi kuphela kule ndawo, kodwa futhi izindawo ezibalulekile endaweni yawo - Eurasia nase-Afrika. Ngakho-ke, isimo sengqondo ukuze kufanele kube ngokucophelela kakhulu. It izidleke zamahlathi Zhigulevsky Reserve.

• Falconiformes ethulwa izinkozi, Balaban, zokungcwaba, ernes, Kestrel futhi ngobuningi.
• nezinyoni eziyivelakancane gruiformes crane demoiselle ne-bustard, abahlala emaqeleni aluhlaza.
• Zezinyoni zasogwini ku neSamara region ngaphansi kwesivikelo nobudlelwano noziningweni futhi Oystercatcher.

Konke lezi zinyoni ezingavamile kakhulu, labantu yawo lincipha, ngakho ukubamba noma sokudubula akuvunyelwe ngokomthetho.

zezinyoni ezingavamile amalulwane

Lolu hlobo ezingavamile neSamara region umelwe giant vechornytsi. Lezi amalulwane isidleke emahlathini aminyene kwimfunda we Samara Bend. Ubude umzimba kuze kufinyelele 105 mm namaphiko kuze kufinyelele 46 cm uyenze omele elikhulu nelulwane hhayi kuphela e-Russia kodwa futhi eYurophu.

Ngenxa yokuthi labantu ukuncipha izinambuzane abazondla vechornytsi futhi inciphise zazo.

iyisilwane esisengozini

isimo okungekuhle kwezinto ezithinta esifundeni kanye amachibi, ngakho izilwane Red egwalweni Samara zakulesi sifunda ziye agcwaliswa ohlwini ezisengozini yokuqothulwa.

Lezi zihlanganisa:

• Sculpin abavamile - kuba inhlanzi encane ukuthi uhlala amachibi ngamanzi ahlanzekile egijima. Le nhlanzi sedentary uncamela ukufihla emadwaleni badle gazinga zithole ukuthi ezinye izinhlanzi noma ezingenamgogodla benthic. Isizathu sokuba ukunyamalala - ukungcoliswa turbidity zemizimba amanzi.
• Trout - trout brown uthanda emfuleni nge zamanje okusheshayo. Isizathu ukwehlisa isibalo sabantu kubuye kuhlotshaniswe Ukuwohloka imifula Samara esifundeni.

Uma isimo akashintshi ke Red egwalweni neSamara region (izilwane, izinyoni, nezinhlanzi, izinambuzane) luzoqhubeka lukhula nenani lamakhasi.