Uhlelo lwe-socialism esivusa ezibanzi setepolitiki, okubandakanya amaqembu amaningi, imisinga kanye amaqembu. It ibekwe njengendlela yokuthola sokuxazulula tembangave. Ingabe kuyiqiniso lokhu? Yiziphi izimiso eziyinhloko zokubusa ngesimiso sokusebenzela uhulumeni anomthelela lo mgomo, kukhona?
ulwazi olujwayelekile
Nje elithi "ngesimiso sokusebenzela uhulumeni" yaqale esetshenziswa esithile ekuqaleni kwawo-1830s. Libhekisela iqoqo imisinga ezahlukene leftist ezizama ukuguqula umphakathi wesintu ngendlela ukuthi unikezwe izimo ezikahle kakhulu wonke-round ngcono kokubili abantu kanye wonke umphakathi. Nakuba kucatshangwa ukuthi umbono sihlehlela emuva ngekhulu leshumi nesithupha. Labe wabhala utopia lokuqala kwezenhlalo Tommaso Kompanella futhi Thomas More wayesebenzisa. Nakuba practice baqala ukuba zihunyushelwe olimini ngokoqobo kuphela ekuqaleni kwekhulu nesishiyagalolunye. Khona-ke Sokusebenzela kwaba yokusabela kuya ekukhuleni eziphikisanayo nomphakathi ngenxa ukwamukelwa ubudlelwane wobunxiwankulu nomphakathi. Wabe babonakalisa Ukunganeliseki esashiwo ekilasini yesigaba sabasebenzi maqondana Imiphumela yezimboni.
ekuthuthukiseni zomlando
Kanjani ukwakha izimiso eziyisisekelo zokubusa ngesimiso sokusebenzela uhulumeni? Kungaphansi kwaziphi izimo? Isici nobuntu capitalism ekuseni kuba chaos ukubhujiswa izigidi zabantu, kangangokuthi akabanga khona ekuqubukeni komoya wokushisekela ka ubumpofu mass, anda nokwehlukana umphakathi. Ekhulwini nesishiyagalolunye, imfundiso ovulekile ayikwazanga inikeza indlela yangempela ukuqeda noma okungenani nokunciphisa kuwukuphikisana ekhona. Ekuqaleni, lo mqondo zokubusa ngesimiso sokusebenzela uhulumeni awuzange lakhelwe ethile eyakhayo futhi kuhle incazelo yalo, futhi ukuze adalule isimo. I ke bale mkhuba babonakalisa ukubukwa yileyo ngxenye umphakathi okholwa ukuthi kufanele sivumelanisa izithakazelo ngabanye nasemphakathini. imfuneko kulandela kwaba ukudala izimo bazokwazi ukuba khona nokuthuthukisa ngenhlonipho ngaphansi kwazo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo futhi kwakhiwa izimiso eziyisisekelo zokubusa ngesimiso sokusebenzela uhulumeni.
Izici
Uhlelo lwe-socialism imele esikhundleni ukuthuthukiswa impucuko. abasekeli Iningi lo mkhuba - kuba amalungu aleli indlela enokuthula futhi engenalo udlame ngcono umphakathi ukuthi walala amathemba alo kwezemfundo nokukholisa kwezixuku. Izimiso eziyisisekelo zokubusa ngesimiso sokusebenzela uhulumeni kusekelwe yokuthi abantu liyothatha isinqumo esivuna le ndlela uyaqaphela uthathelwe isipiliyoni yakhe yokuphila. Ezemfundo nakho kungasiza kakhulu kule. Nakuba kunezinkolo izici isici, imisinga yezenhlalakahle kwekhulu le-19 Kulula ukuletha zifana, ukukhetha imibono eziyisisekelo kanye nezimiso okuletha ndawonye. Ngakho, lapho ukunakwa wagxilisa kweqembu ngabanye - umphakathi. ukunakwa eside zikhokhelwe, iphi isici umphakathi ithonya lomuntu. Kanye inkinga yokucindezela labasetulu emincane abantu abaningi. Ngakho-ke, izimfuno benziwa ukuthi kwakungekho ocacile ekilasini wokuziphakamisa. Lomgomo zokubusa ngesimiso sokusebenzela uhulumeni kanye nobukhomanisi ingenye ethandwa kakhulu emhlabeni namuhla.
Ukuphokophela phambili
Ezinye izimiso bokuba khona emhlabeni uhlelo sezenhlalo nokunqoba ukwahlukana ekilasini zinganqotshwa kuphela ngokusebenzisa ukuqedwa isimo njengoba uhlaka ubudlova. Ngakho, abantu abathi lo mbono abakholelwa ukuthi umuntu wadalwa kufanele kube nenkululeko ekuxhashazweni. Kodwa izici, umnotho nakwezepolitiki kanye ilungelo lokukhetha - konke yesibili futhi eyayivela isikhundla sakhe. Lokhu ikakhulukazi bengavumelani nabalandela Vector ovulekile yentuthuko.
Ukudala umphakathi enhle
Usuvele wathola okuningi kokwaziswa. Futhi 4 isimiso bokuba khona uhlelo sezenhlalo izwe kungaba kakade ngokuhunyushwa ngaphandle ukuhlanekezela. Kodwa ukuze uthole ukuqondisisa okungcono, kufanele uxoxe kabanzi kamuva. Ngakho, izimiso eziyisisekelo zokubusa ngesimiso sokusebenzela uhulumeni:
- Ukucekelwa phansi kwempahla yangasese.
- Ukuqedwa umndeni.
- Ukubhujiswa kwenkolo.
- Ukulingana.
Isimanga ukuthi kungase kuzwakale, kodwa lokhu izimiso eziyisisekelo imodeli Swedish zokubusa ngesimiso sokusebenzela uhulumeni. Ukubheka isimo samanje ezindabeni eSweden, ungazama ukuphikisa amazwi anjalo. Kodwa ke ziqokonyiswe ikakhulukazi ukuqaliswa. Ake sibheke le kabanzi.
Ukucekelwa phansi kwempahla yangasese
Wabasekeli eyaziwa kakhulu lesi simiso kukhona Marx no Engels. Ngakho, e-"Manifesto Communist" waveza Ebhala ngokugomela kuphela kwanele baveze ngokuyisisekelo wonke isisekelo theory. Lokhu isimo kuyisici esihlupha bonke izimfundiso ndawonye kuthi ukuzisebenzisa (ngezindlela ezingafani). Kodwa ukuphelela ukuqonda wabonisa ukuthi kubhekwa hhayi kuphela iphuzu engakhi umbono (njengoba abaningi becabanga), kodwa futhi ne omuhle. Ngakho, ungakwazi ngokuvamile ukuthola isimemezelo community of property. Njengoba isibonelo, amachibi, izikole, izinkulisa, nokunye. Kufanele futhi kuqashelwe ukuthi izimiso zokubusa ngesimiso sokusebenzela uhulumeni zakhiwa ngekhulu le-19, ngakho-ke, akumangalisi ukuthi izici ezithile uhlobo inhlangano isimo. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ngokuphathelene esihlokweni esilandelayo kulesi sigaba.
ukubhujiswa umndeni
Le nto ikhona iningi izimfundiso sezenhlalo. Nokho, radicalism kwalesi sitatimende akukakabi esiphuthumayo. Uma ukhuluma kuze kube seqophelweni, lesi simiso ihlose ukunciphisa indima umndeni kanye ngobudlelwano phakathi kwamalungu, kanye ukuze uthumele abanye imisebenzi kwezinye izikhungo zomphakathi. Njengoba isibonelo emphakathini abesifazane, ukubhujiswa ukuxhumana phakathi kwezingane nabazali, noma umane ukuguqulwa iyunithi umphakathi zibe ingxenye bureaucratic isimo. Ukuze akumangalisi-ke Kufanele kwaziwe kodwa ukuthi izimiso khona kwezwe uhlelo sezenhlalo akhiwa "abashiseka ngokweqile", futhi, ngokomthetho manje ekusetshenzisweni kwazo akunakwenzeka.
ukubhujiswa kwenkolo
Lomgomo kungabonwa, okumbalwa, zonke izimfundiso yesimanje futhi imfundiso isimo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukubhujiswa kwenkolo kusho isethi yezenzo akusho ukumane nje ube ngesikhathi isitayela amaBolshevik Trotsky, futhi ukufuduka kancane kancane inkolo kuzo zonke imikhakha yempilo yomphakathi. Kungenjalo, ungavula emazweni leqembu zaseScandinavia. Sinenkosi yenkolo ongaphakeme futhi ukuphila kwakhona kusezingeni eliphezulu. Lesi sakamuva kokuba uthathwa njengomunye wezinye amathuluzi ebaluleke kakhulu ukufeza umgomo. onobuhle Ekhona zibandakanya nokuxoshwa akusheshi futhi obunokuthula inkolo kusuka empilweni yomphakathi njengoba ikhomponethi ezingadingekile. Lomgomo methodological zokubusa ngesimiso sokusebenzela uhulumeni waqala ukuthatha simise Ekuqaleni kwekhulu nesikhombisa, futhi ngcono yayo uyaqhubeka esikhathini sethu.
Isibalo (ezivamile)
Le mfuneko of into enjalo empilweni yomphakathi kungatholakala cishe kuzo zonke imfundiso sezenhlalo. It ungaboniswa nokuzimisela ukucekela phansi sabaphathi ekhona emphakathini nokuqeda zonke amalungelo akhona. Ngokuvamile ngesikhathi esifanayo ungakwazi namanje ukubukela futhi ubutha isiko ngenxa yokuthi kuba ukungalingani bokusungula nezingokomoya. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kulesi simo-ke kudinga imfundiso ababhubhise ngenxa yokuthi ukuthi kudala nonuniformity emphakathini. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi lesi simiso yasungulwa Adalberto isikhathi eside - kahle, lo mbono aphethwe uPlato. Manje isetshenziswa ezihlukahlukene zanamuhla kwesokunxele-wing imisinga, ucabangela isiko likhinyabeze futhi ezicindezelayo.
isiphetho
Akukona konke isisekelo theory lapho izimfundiso efanele. Ngakho, abaningi benu usuzwile isimiso esinjalo zokubusa ngesimiso sokusebenzela uhulumeni: komunye ngokwamandla, ngayinye ngokwamandla izidingo zakhe. Lokhu postulate ingatholakala zaziningi izimfundiso nezifundiso ukuthi azihileli izinguquko ezinkulu futhi enomqondo asondele ekushintsheni umphakathi. Kodwa lo mbono has eyodwa ethile: ngokusho kwaso, abantu ngeke benze uyaqaphela futhi ngokuzithandela. Lokho, wonke umuntu ozosebenza, kanjani sibe namandla ukuze kuzuze umphakathi, futhi kungakho nangezakhe. I Kungashiwo okufanayo mayelana nokucutshungulwa izimiso eziyisisekelo zokubusa ngesimiso sokusebenzela uhulumeni. Ngisho amazwe aseScandinavia, okuyinto zibhekwa eziphambili kakhulu kulo mkhakha, abakwazi ukuqhosha ukuqaliswa ephelele isikhundla esisodwa. Nakuba ngaphambili, engxenyeni kwezenkolo, Ekuqaleni kuphawuliwe ukuthi abaseSweden bakwazi ukuze zithole imiphumela emihle kakhulu. Kodwa ukugcwaliseka sokugcina izimiso lezi namanje kude.