Spirography - kuyini? Spirography somoya bronchial. Ivelaphi spirography. izinkomba spirography

umoya womuntu Kwenzeka ngezigaba ezimbili ezinkulu - yangaphandle nezicubu. Nakuba uhlelo air izindlela kusukela ingaphakathi acinene kuya yamaphaphu isihlahla alveolar ungowokuqala kuphela. Futhi uma isakhiwo yokwakheka sitho, singabheka usebenzisa izindlela ukuxilongwa ngemisebe (-X-ray, x-ray, imisindo ephansi, ngekhompyutha, i-magnetic resonance imaging) kuyinto ukuhlola isimo sokusebenza ukusisiza kumadivayisi ezahlukene ngokuphelele.

indlela

Iziguli eziningi Pulmonologist noma owelapha umkhaya, uthole izinkomba ukuba lolu cwaningo, yacela yathi: "Spirography - ukuthi" Ake sizame ukuhlunga lokhu ndawonye.

Iqiniso lokuthi leli ukuhlaziywa wabelwa ukuba abe abantu abanezifo umgudu wokuphefumula, futhi engumqemane, ngisho abasubathi, futhi ngenxa yalokho kukhona ukungaqondi. Ngakho ukukhanya spirography - ke kuyindlela ebalulekile ngoba ekutadisheni umsebenzi zokuphefumula, okuyinto livumela ukuhlinzeka ukulinganisa ukucacisa ukusebenza kwalezi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi wonke umzimba nomoya-mpilo ukususwa eyanele ye-carbon dioxide. Yonke idatha imidwebo, okungukuthi, ephepheni, nakuba umphumela waziwa ngokushesha ngemva ukuhlaziywa. izinkomba spirography unike udokotela imininingwane ebalulekile mayelana umgudu conductance nokwamaphaphu ukupholisa umthamo ivumela ukuthi ukukhomba iyunithi ukuhlukumeza kanye nokwenzeka reversibility izinguquko sokugembula kuwo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungenzeka ukuhlola kusebenta umuthi, nokususa spirogram ngaphambi nangemva abaphathi. Ngokwesibonelo, isivivinyo esilula wenziwa nge bronchodilators esolwa somoya.

Imigomo

Ngakho, siye asebenzelana ngayo umqondo wegama elithi "spirography". Kanjani ukuthi imiphumela yalolu cwaningo futhi kubalulekile ukwazi. Aqokwe ke, ngokuvamile ekuseni noma ntambama amahora, mhlawumbe esiswini esingenalutho. Nokho kungenzeka nokuqhuba izifundo ngemva kokudla ukudla kwasekuseni ukukhanya, inqobo nje ngemva besilokhu okungenani amahora ama-2. Okokuqala, ukuhlaziya izibalo ungayeki ulwazi olungamanga inikezwe isiguli ngokomzimba nangokomzwelo ukuze baphumule imizuzu engu-15 ehlezi. Ngalesi sikhathi, kufanele kujwayeleke kwenhliziyo kanye nokunyakaza yokuphefumula, okungase kusho ukuthi cwaningo izokhombisa isithombe wangempela empilweni yabo. Kubalulekile futhi ukuthi ngesikhathi sokugcina 6-12 amahora iziguli ungathathi imithi nge bronchodilator umphumela.

imishini

Ngokulandelayo, isiguli ehlezi etafuleni, enikezwe Spirograph, agqoke isiqeshana ekhaleni anikezelwe bonke emoyeni aphume ngomlomo kuphela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwathi ixhunywe kudivayisi ngokusebenzisa isetshenziswa kanye nokuhlinzeka ukwenza izincomo kadokotela ukukala zonke nemingcele ezidingekayo. Njengomthetho, yesimanje idatha spirographs inqubo bebodwa, okungukuthi, ngokuzenzekelayo, lapho umphumela ubonakala ngokushesha uhlobo isheke kusukela yemali: ngakho uphela spirography. Norma zonke izinkomba futhi ekhishwe kudivayisi by kuhlaziywa ubulili zawo ezilinganiselwe futhi sidala kangakanani isiguli. Khona-ke udokotela, ukuqhathanisa lawo nomunye, lembula ukwephulwa kwasendaweni. Kungenzeka futhi ukuba afeze izivivinyo emva nokuphathwa bronchodilators, okuyinto kuthola khona noma ukungabi khona ukusebenza kwabo. Ngakho, lolu cwaningo kuyindlela ebalulekile ezinsimbi sitholakele impilo lesiguli noma isifo.

Izinkomba sesifundo somuntu

Kubalulekile ukwazi futhi kuhloniphe inhlolovo onesihloko esithi "spirography" ukuthi lokhu ukuhlaziywa, njenganoma iyiphi enye, has a izinkomba ezithile ngoba. okungukuthi:

• ukuhlinzwa okuseduze (ekuhloleni ingozi ngesikhathi operation);
• iphawulwe yi kwesifuba, ukukhwehlela, iphika nezinye izimpawu umgudu wokuphefumula kokuhlaziywa kokuqala esigulini;
• Sifo ngokwezinga isinyathelo eseziKhonjiwe isifo samaphaphu ephelezelwa isimiso bronchial noma ukuphazamiseka kwempilo esindayo organic futhi ukusebenza kohlelo komoya (COPD, isifuba somoya bronchial, ukucinana kwemithambo yomoya emaphashini), kanye nokuhlola yokwelapha enqunywe wumgomo;
• sokunquma Izibikezelo zokuphila, ukukhubazeka kanye nokufaneleka professional iziguli ukuthi nginesifo isifo samaphaphu;
• isifo cardiopulmonary, ngokuvamile obuhambisana nokuthanda kokunikezwa kwe-umsebenzi zokuphefumula (isifo senhliziyo, ngifundise ngesifo sikashukela, letindzala zezinzwa izicubu iziyaluyalu).

nezinye iindlela

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhanya spirography ngezikhathi kufanele kwenziwe iziguli engozini ngoba izifo umgudu wokuphefumula. It ababhemayo oseneminyaka engu-, abenza umkhakha esindayo kanye nezinye izimboni, ngandlela-thile iwela isigaba ukukhiqizwa elimazayo. Kunalokho, contraindications lolucwaningo kukhona sengqondo, acute izifo ezithathelwanayo, usesimweni esibucayi isiguli, isifo sofuba yamaphaphu nge bacilli, ukukhwehlela igazi, ingozi kwesisu ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.

isakhiwo ukuhlaziywa

Ngakho, sathola ukuthi zibhaliswe yilo ucwaningo njengoba spirography, izinkomba bulimaza imigudu yokuphefumula kubantu. Ngokuyinhloko, ziyasebenziseka, ie azibonisi iziyaluyalu eziphilayo, futhi amandla ukupholisa.

Ngokuningiliziwe, lezi zihlanganisa Izinga lokuphefumula (inombolo ngomzuzu), ivolumu Imininingwane olwandle (ie, inani emoyeni ukuthi angangena emaphashini e umoya owodwa), okukhipha inhliziyo (elifana langaphambilini, ibala kuphela ngeminithi elilodwa), obalulekile wamaphaphu umthamo inspiratory futhi expiratory (alinganise ngomthamo usuwonke izitho), kanye ukusetshenziswa izinga ukusetshenziswa umoya-mpilo, i-ophoqelelwe okhishwa ngamakhala ivolumu ephefumula (enziwe voltage kwemisipha esifubeni), isivinini somoya, inkomba Tiffno ( kukalwa isilinganiso ophoqelelwe ivolumu expiratory ephashini umthamo 1 yesibili) kanye nabanye. Zonke lezi izinkomba ukusiza udokotela enze ngokuphelele isithombe ulwazi mayelana nesimo se-beqhuba ngezindlela emoyeni futhi ezanele negesi lokushintshisana. Ngakho, umoya-mpilo okusheshayo kwenzeka nokwenziwa wamaphaphu alveolar yayo sacs egazini futhi iphazamiseke nge izilonda kwesakhiwo yamaphaphu.

Indima e uphethwe

Spirography somoya bronchial has izici kokubili inqubo futhi incazelo ka ngemiphumela.

Indima ebalulekile ukuze kuhlonzwe yalesi sifo udlalwa ephefumula ngenkani okhishwa ngamakhala test, esekelwe okuyinto igrafu wakhiwa ngendlela ngokuzenzakalela - "ivolumu-ukugeleza". Kungenxa ezakheke ebukhoneni nokuvaleka kwemigudu yokuphefumula kunqunywa uhlobo yayo: eqine (elihlobene ne organic wamaphaphu ukulimala), obstructive (ngenxa yokwephula emoyeni ngokusebenzisa bronchial noma isihlahla alveolar) noma oxubile. Futhi okulungiselelwe nokwehlisa ivolumu usukela ophoqelelwe expiratory ukugeleza rate ijika isiqongo kanye FVC ku uhla 25-75%, baphoqa ivolumu inspiratory. Lokhu zibukeke ubonisa pathogenesis yesifuba somoya, lapho kukhona zibe okungazelelwe yeminyango bronchi distal, okuyinto kubonakala ekuhlaseleni Ukuphelelwa.

ukuhlolwa

Obstructive uhlobo nokuvaleka kwemigudu yokuphefumula nakho kubalulekile ukunquma degree of reversibility izinguquko, okuyinto ikuvumela ukusetha Ihlahlubo ngobucayi isifo. Ngakho, isivivinyo esivame kakhulu kwemithi test agonist B2-adrenoreceptor esifushane oyibamba, okuhlanganisa izidakamizwa "salbutamol". Ngilifeze amahora 6 yokukhansela babelwe nezinye izidakamizwa yezenzo ofanayo ke aqoshiwe ijika "ivolumu-ukugeleza". Ngokulandelayo, isiguli yenzani elilodwa noma amabili inhalations ne izidakamizwa, futhi ngemva kwemizuzu engu-15 kuphela, isigamu sehora ngemva kokuba enziwe spirography okuphindaphindiwe. Kuyini lokhu uhlobo isimiso, vumela ushintsho ukufunda ukuhlaziywa izinkomba. Ngakho, uma ukwandisa ngaphezu kuka-15% of the imiphumela yokuqala, isivivinyo kubhekwa omuhle.

enye indlela

Ngenxa iziguli somoya kufanele kubhekwe isimo sempilo yabo, kukhona enye indlela ukubala ijika "ukugeleza omningi" - pneumotachograph. Uma eqhathaniswa spirograph kuba lula, futhi ngenxa yalokho efanelekayo self-administration yisiguli ekhaya. It ivumela umuntu ukulawula ukusebenza nsuku zonke izinkomba umgudu wokuphefumula, futhi lula kakhulu umsebenzi udokotela, njengoba iningi thembeke ibonisa Dynamics of the izifo kule ngezikhawu phakathi nokuvakasha sikhungo. Pneumotachograph ubuye tube ne isetshenziswa replaceable, yokuxhuma isiguli kudivayisi Computing elikwaziyo abale ngokuzenzakalelayo nemingcele abaningi nemisebenzi yokusetshenziswa ijika futhi "ukugeleza omningi".

isiphetho

Yiqiniso, kule ukuhlolwa of ukuhlola obusebenzayo uqondisa kuphela Pulmonologist, ngoba kubo kunezinkomba zokuthi esiqinile. Okokuqala, Yiqiniso, kufanele bathole imvume unolwazi kusukela nesineke, futhi ngenxa yokuthi wayengeke ukukutshela lapho spirography ukwenza, ukuthi kuyini nokuthi iyini injongo yokusetshenziswa kwawo. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukusungula ukuthembana ubuhlobo udokotela nesiguli, kanye ukudala isimo esivumela ukuba isivivinyo, ngoba kuphela induduzo ngokwengqondo imiphumela yocwaningo lesiguli etholakala abalulekile. Futhi kakade elabhorethri site, ethola cwaningo, ukuchaza imithetho yokuhlola, ngakho imiphumela yaba hhayi kuphela yeqiniso, kodwa futhi ukusiza udokotela ukuxilonga izifo lesiguli.