Yeka lens imaging sibathelela izibonelo

Ukuthola okuyinto lens kunikeza isithombe, kubalulekile kuqala kunazo zonke ukuba sikhumbule ukuthi lens ezinjalo. Lo mkhuba main ngokomzimba, esetshenziswa ukudala lens - lena lo kwalungiswa izinkunga zokubona yokukhanya edabula ophansi. Lesi simo esiyingqayizivele sibangelwa idale idivayisi ekwazi ukulawula isiqondiso ukukhanya. Izimiso ukuphathwa ezifana babachazela abantwana esikoleni, ngokuhamba lesishiyagalombili grade physics.

Incazelo yegama elithi, kanye material-lens, yona isetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni yayo

Lenses esetshenziselwa umuntu ukuba akwazi ukubona isithombe lakhulisiwe nobe encishisiwe bento. Ngokwesibonelo, usebenzisa isibonakude noma ngesibonakhulu. Ngakho-ke, le divayisi esobala. Lokhu kwenziwa ngenhloso ukuba ngibheke izinto ngendlela esiyikho ngempela, kuphela ushintsho ngobukhulu. Ngeke emibala, ehlanekezelwe uma lokhu kungadingeki. Okungukuthi, abangabantwana lens - umzimba okusobala. Okulandelayo uqhubekele izingxenye zalo. I-lens has evele ezimbili. Bangakwazi agobile ngokuvamile eyindilinga, noma okunye omunye wabo uzobe agobile kanye nezinye indiza. Is la izindiza kuxhomeke kulokho lens onikeza isithombe. Material ngokwenza ingilazi noma plastic lens asetshenziswa ukuphila ububanzi. Ngokulandelayo, sitshelwa ngo uzokhuluma ingilazi lens ngokuqondisisa jikelele.

Ukwehlukanisa convex kanye ngilugweda lens

Lokhu ngokwahlukana luncike uhlobo ukuma lens. Uma lens has a phakathi ebanzi kuka onqenqemeni, ibizwa ngokuthi convex. Uma kunalokho - maphakathi kuba ohlabayo kuka onqenqemeni wokuthi leli thuluzi libizwa ngilugweda. Okunye okubalulekile? Kubalulekile ukuthi umzimba okusobala ungaphakathi enjani ngokwenkolo. Kakade, imuphi lens onikeza isithombe lincike Inkomba yezokubona ezindaweni ezimbili - kule lens uqobo futhi kule ndaba ezizungezile. Okulandelayo sizoxoxa kuphela wezasemoyeni, kusukela index yezokubona lens kusukela ingilazi noma plastic ingaphezu kwe-isethi isibonisi imvelo.

ukubuthwa lens

Thatha lens convex futhi sidlule therethrough yokucucuza ukukhanya (imishayo parallel). Ngemva edabula indiza ukugeleza Kwamanzi eqoqwe kwelinye iphuzu, ngoba lens ukubuthwa libizwa.

Ukuze uzwisise ukuthi yini isithombe unika lens ukubuthwa, neminye, kubalulekile ukuba sikhumbule imingcele yayo eziyisisekelo.

nemingcele ezibalulekile ukuze uqonde izindawo emzimbeni ingilazi

Uma lens igudle evele ezimbili eyindilinga, nobukhulu bayo, yebo, abe engaba ezithile. Lezi radii ka ugobile libizwa engaba, okuyinto ukudlulisa kusuka izikhungo of the sphere. A umugqa oqondile lebhokisi izikhungo ezimbili, ngokuthi eksisi optical. Ku-lens mncane iphuzu lapho ugongolo sihamba ngaphandle ngeziphambeko kusukela isiqondiso sayo sangaphambilini. Ibizwa ngokuthi isikhungo optical lens. Ngalesi isikhungo, perpendicular indiza zingenziwa perpendicular eksisi optical. Ibizwa ngokuthi indiza enkulu yokuqothulwa kwehlathi lase-lens. Futhi, kukhona iphuzu, othiwa main focus - yindawo lapho ukuqoqa imisebe ekhazimulayo ngemva kokuba edabula umzimba ingilazi. Lapho ehlola inkinga, onikeza i lens isithombe ukubuthwa, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ukugxila salo ohlangothini reverse of the entry yokukhanya. Esikhathini diverging lens kugxilwa engokomfanekiso.

Yini enikeza isithombe into ukubuthwa lens

It kuncike kude kangakanani kude into itholakala isihlobo lens. Ngeke kube khona umfanekiso wangempela, uma beka into phakathi lens futhi ayiphoyinti lens uqobo.

Isithombe etholwe engokomfanekiso, liqonde, futhi kakhulu lenyuka. Esizidlula zonke isithombe esinjalo - khulu.

Uma izinto ezingemuva focus ke kukhona amathuba amabili, kodwa ezimweni zombili, isithombe ngeke ngokuyinhloko okufanele nabokhulumile futhi evumelekile. Okuwukuphela umehluko ngosayizi. Uma izinto phakathi focus kanye focus ezimbili, isithombe okhulisiwe. Uma esikhundleni focus ezimbili, kuyothiwa encishisiwe.

Kwezinye izimo kungase kwenzeke ukuthi akukho sithombe esiqoshiwe sitholwa. Njengoba ungase ubone sibalo ngenhla, uma ukuthumela kuncike ukugxila nje lens endaweni, emigqeni kabani empambana unika elingenhla iphuzu into kukhona ngokulinganisa. Ngenxa yalokho, empambana ayikwazi kubhekwe, ngoba isithombe Kuyophumela ethubeni endaweni ethile nje okufanekisa ingunaphakade. Futhi ezithakazelisayo ngale ndlela uma into ibekwe esizeni focus ezimbili. Kulokhu, isithombe sibheke phansi, ngempela, kodwa ubukhulu efanayo isihloko sokuqala.

Manani akula lens ukuboniswa schematically njengoba ingxenye ngemicibisholo enisemikhawulweni iqondiswe phandle.

lens diverging

Ngokunengqondo, lens ngilugweda is diverging. It uyahluka ngokuthi inikeza isithombe virtual. Rays yokukhanya Ngemva kokudlula ezikhungweni zihlakazeke bacondze etindzaweni letehlukene, ngoba akukho sithombe sangempela. Impendulo umbuzo onjani isithombe unika lens negative, ihlale ifana. Kunoma ikuphi, isithombe ngeke sibheke phansi, okungukuthi ngqo, it is ngengqondo futhi yehlise.

Manani akula lens ukuboniswa schematically njengoba ingxenye ngemicibisholo enisemikhawulweni okuyinto nobuso ngaphakathi.

Uyini Umgomo we imaging

Izinyathelo yokwakha lens collective ambalwa. Isihloko kabani sithombe ukuba kwakhiwe, has a vertex. Kusukela kubalulekile ukuchitha imigqa emibili: eyodwa - ngokusebenzisa isikhungo optical lens, elinye - zifana kuya eksisi optical lens, bese ngokusebenzisa i-focus. Empambana lezi imigqa uyonika phezulu kwesithombe. Konke badinga isikhathi esithe xaxa - ukuxhuma i-eksisi optical, kanye iphuzu parallel into yokuqala. Esimweni lapho into phambi focus lens, isithombe iplanethi, futhi ohlangothini olufanayo nesihloko.

Sikhumbula lokho isithombe inika lens diverging, zokuqhuba imaging for lens ngilugweda ku isimiso esifanayo, kodwa omunye umehluko. lens Focus ukuthi isetshenziselwa isakhiwo, elise ohlangothini efanayo into, isithombe ofuna ukwakha.

okutholakele

Kufinyeta izinto ezibalwe ngenhla, ukuze baqonde ukuthi hlobo luni lens onikeza isithombe. Ngokusobala, i-lens kungaba ukusondeza ngaphandle nangaphakathi, kodwa imibuzo kuze kube komunye.

inombolo Umbuzo owodwa: Yini lens kunikeza isithombe sangempela? Impendulo - kuphela ngokuhlanganyela. Lokho lens collective ngilugweda anganikeza isithombe sangempela.

inombolo Umbuzo ezimbili: Yini lens kunikeza isithombe virtual? Phendula - kusakazeka, futhi kwezinye izimo, uma into phakathi focus kanye lens - sihlangene.