Izindlela kwengqondo nomphakathi: kusukela ucwaningo nokuqeqeshwa

Njenganoma iyiphi enye isayensi, ezenhlalo Psychology isebenzisa izindlela: ucwaningo, idatha kusebenziswe futhi ukuqeqeshwa. Futhi eyingqayizivele emikhakheni yesayensi kwengqondo - izindlela zokwelapha kanye zemfundo.

Ucwaningo Izindlela e Social Psychology

Kuyinto ngiyabonga kubo ukuthi zonke isayensi is ahlanganiswe idatha entsha, ngokusekelwe ngalo ozokwakhela kulo theory, ekucebiseni isisekelo theory yesayensi nge amaqiniso amasha.

Ukuze isayensi abasha ucwaningo isebenzisa lathathwa kwabantu kanye psychology izindlela:

- Gada - indlela ucwaningo lokuqala asetshenziswe Psychology ukuchaza ukuziphatha kanye umqondo yangaphakathi bazethembe. Kusenzima elisetshenziswa umkhuba, kodwa ngaso sonke isikhathi lihambisana nezinye izindlela.

- Survey - indlela ezivame kakhulu ucwaningo lwezenhlalo, inikeza ulwazi oluningi kusuka inani elikhulu labantu. Nokho, lezi idatha kunzima ukuhlaziya (ukubonisa iphesenti abaphendulayo nge nombono ohlukile). Futhi ethile yayo eyinhloko ukungakwazi ukuhlola imiphumela ngokuya nokwethenjelwa. Ngakho-ke, kulolu cwaningo liyasetshenziswa ngokuhlanganyela nezinye, ithembeke.

- Ukuhlolwa ngokuyinhloko Waphawuleka kungenzeka izimo eziguquguqukayo (izici) ukuze uhlole noshintsho ekuziphatheni kwabantu. Kusukela ekuqaleni kokusebenza kwe -psychology njengoba isayensi ucwaningo bobabili abantu namagundane (futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngokuziphatha kwabo kufana kakhulu umuntu, isibonelo, ephaketheni). Kodwa nge obhekwe zokuziphatha experimenters ababekanye ziboshelwe izandla: akunakwenzeka ukutshela abantu ngalokho izinga kukalwa ekuhlolweni ngaphandle ulimaza ngaleyo ndlela ukuthembeka ubumsulwa isilingo. Kodwa hhayi ososayensi namasu ungakwazi give up ukuhlola njengoba iyona indlela ephumelela kakhulu, ngezinye izikhathi kakhulu esiyingqayizivele ngedatha yokuziphatha kwesintu.

- Ukuhlolwa imikhiqizo yomuntu kuletha idatha eningi ezithakazelisayo, ikakhulukazi ezimweni lapho akunakwenzeka ukusebenzisa ezinye izindlela (umuntu kaphili, noma akusho ukuya contact). Uhlaziyo ukuthola amaphethini uchungechunge, isibonelo, usebenza yobuciko, imibhalo, ihlanganiswe ngumuntu oyedwa. Ezinye zazo zibonisa izici ngokucacile evelele yobuntu into ucwaningo.

- Ukuhlolwa. Serious ukuhlolwa kwengqondo kuhlinzekelwe kuzo iqiniso esikalini (imibuzo yokuhlola ukuhlola ubuqiniso imiphumela yokuhlolwa) ukuvumela shí ulwazi ubuntu umuntu oyedwa, noma ulwazi izinga labantu izici ezifanayo (isib, ubudala, ubulili, isimo sabo emphakathini). Uhlolo zingamathuluzi zokuxilonga, bekhulisa idatha ezibalulekile zesayensi. Ngeshwa, kuze kube manje, ambalwa kakhulu ukuhlolwa ukuhlangabezana nezidingo kubo njengoba indlela yezesayensi ukuxilongwa. Futhi ukuthuthukisa entsha akubona bonke sizakwenza. Ngakho-ke, e-Psychology nomphakathi wabo yakhetha ngempela ezingavamile.

Izindlela kwengqondo yezenhlalakahle (ngamunye eceleni noma ngokuhlanganyela nabanye) asetshenziswa ukufunda izinkinga zangempela noma ngeqiniso elithakazelisayo. Kodwa ukwenza ukutholakala noma kulethwe isayensi entsha ulwazi kanye namaqiniso, akwanele ukumane nje ukukhetha indlela. Socio-ngokwengqondo uphenyo kumelwe bahlangabezane nezimfuneko efanayo neminye imikhakha yesayensi: kudinga ekwakhiweni okucacile into ucwaningo, umbono, ekuhlaziyweni kwamaqiniso, isiqinisekiso noma ukuphikisa ka umbono ka izibalo, ukuqinisekiswa okutholakele. Ngenxa yalezi zokungcebeleka izenzo isayensi eqenjini elilandelayo izindlela.

Izindlela kwengqondo yezenhlalakahle ukuze kusebenziswe idatha

Ngenxa yalokho, inani zokusebenza kwengqondo ucwaningo yilezi: ukubuyisa isikhathi emva kusungulwa isici experiment ethize, izinga izimpawu izinga ezingokwengqondo, nokunye. izindlela zezibalo esetshenziswa ukucubungula lezi idatha: kwencazelo isilinganiso wokulandisa qembu, ukuqinisekisa noma ukuphikisa umbono - isici ukuhlaziywa. Futhi, sebenzisa indlela isazi ukulinganisa. Futhi konke lokhu ngoba ukuhunyushwa izinombolo amagugu amasha ngoba kwengqondo.

izindlela zokwelapha kwengqondo nomphakathi

Elinye iqembu izindlela okuhloswe ngazo ukuthuthukisa amakhono siqu, izimfanelo noma ukwelapha amaklayenti. Lezi zihlanganisa art therapy (ukwelashwa iphethini), ukwelashwa umbala, amasu ngokomzimba futhi psychodrama.

Izazi zokusebenza kwengqondo, abaqeqeshi Izindlela

Akuvamile isehlane e iqembu ahlukene nezindlela ezisetshenziswayo zokusebenza kwengqondo abaqeqeshi (ukuhlaziya ingxabano, umcondvo nabanye). amasevisi abo bayindlala ezinkampanini lapho kubalulekile ukuba abantu basebenzisane, ukusebenzisana. Odokotela bengqondo bayakwazi Ngenxa ugqozi ukuze kukhuthazwe abasebenzi basebenze ngempumelelo nozakwethu. Kulesi injongo, odokotela wabeka wonke raison d'etre isayensi yokusebenza kwengqondo nomphakathi. Kungenxa ukuxhumana ngamaqembu, kukahulumeni, sizinika kakhulu ezimpilweni zabo, kokubili emsebenzini nasekhaya, emkhayeni. Singabantu thukela wedwa. uthi Ngakho kuqala isayensi - interactionism kwengqondo nomphakathi. Futhi yena (Science) yakhelwe ukutadisha izinqubo nokuxhumana nabanye abantu, ukuba ngichazele kanye nekuhlomisa abantu ngolwazi yokwandisa lezi izinqubo. Ngakho-ke, phakathi nezindlela isayensi ubizwa nangokuthi izindlela zokufundisa nokuthuthukiswa iqembu (ukuqeqeshwa imidlalo), futhi kwenziwe ngaphansi kokuqondisa bengqondo-abaqeqeshi.

Izindlela kwengqondo zomphakathi zivumela isisekelo esingokwesayensi ulwazi olusha, ngaphandle kwabo kwakungeke khona njengesizwe ensimini ezithakazelisayo theory.