Izinhlobo birch ngesiRashiya: incazelo, isithombe

Ukuze abaseRussia, awukho umuthi birch bomdabu. Igama uvele ekhulwini VII, kusukela igama eliyisenzo elithi "ukuvikela". Ukuze uphawu lasendulo lwesiSlavic wenzalo umvikeli zabantu ubuNkulunkulu - Keeper babefa ngesimo birch. Kubonakala sengathi igama kwesihlahla esefikile kithi kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo. Uyazi bangaki futhi yiziphi izinhlobo birch sikhule eRussia? Namuhla sizobe ukuthola.

incazelo

Izinhlobo eziningi birch kukhona izihlahla, lafinyelela ukuphakama kwamamitha 30 kuya 45 e nesiqu ekhula 150 cm, nakuba zikhona nezihlahla ezinkulu kanye nezincane, kuhlanganise ezinwabuzelayo, okumenza ephakanyiswe ngaphezu komhlabathi. Zonke abameleli umndeni birch kukhona monoecious, dioecious, izitshalo emoyeni impova ngezinyosi.

Uhlelo impande izihlahla bohlobo lwe enamandla, kungaba kokubili ebusweni futhi obliquely kokushiya ezijulile (kuye ngokuthi izimo ukukhula). Fading Taproot yisithombo kwenzeka angabacwasi ngokushesha, kodwa ohlangothini nge eziningi izimpande emihle mochkovidnyh ayakhula ngokushesha. Eminyakeni yokuqala ka birch ezikhulayo kancane kakhulu, kodwa ekugcineni uqala Prytkov phokophela phezulu, waba uzowanqoba izimila herbaceous.

Amagxolo izinhlobo eziningi umbala omhlophe, ophuzi, pink noma iba nsundu ngokubomvu, nakuba kukhona izinhlobonhlobo gray, ensundu ngisho black ingxenye engaphandle isiqu. Amaseli zigcwele kukakhokho izicubu betulin kalula peelable (Gummy elimhlophe okuqinile). Izihlahla-eyikhulu ngokuvamile ezansi umgqomo, ungabona uqweqwe amnyama kunothile imifantu ezijulile.

Ihamba abameleli enye birch umndeni, toothed emaceleni, wonke, ovate-rhombic noma esingunxantathu-Iqanda ukuma, abushelelezi, monosimmetricheskie, eside ukufinyelela 7 bubanti - 4.

Izinhlobo birches eRussia

Sibukeze incazelo jikelele amalungu alesi bohlobo. Manje ngingathanda ukuveza ezinye zezingqinamba izinhlobo kabanzi. Ingabe uyazi ukuthi zingaki ngempela izinto eziphilayo of birch ukhona emhlabeni? Izazi zezinto eziphilayo kufanele mayelana 120 zama-mncane, belostvolnyh, ukhuni ukukhanya, kuyilapho eRussia ikhula izinhlobo mayelana 65, zehlukene ezinye izici. Hhayi lutho iyona birch waba uphawu lokuhlala njalo ezweni lakithi.

Ngaphezu evamile izihlahla ezimhlophe ne namacici eside, lapho kuvela ukuthi uhlobo oluthile ukuma ehluke ngokuphelele. Okuvame kakhulu izinhlobo ezinjalo birches eRussia njengoba sawo futhi Fluffy, noma kukhona ezweni lakithi, kanye nezihlahla nge amagxolo ophuzi, violet, cherry, grey, ensundu black. Kulezi izihlahla eliyingqayizivele njengoba nje wazibonela zezitshalo bakwazi ukubona uhlobo lwe of birch. Ngakho, ngokwesibonelo, ehlathini ezikhulayo amagxolo Far birch nge shaggy esikhundleni amagxolo. Futhi lapha kukhona izihlahla ne dark onsomi ingxenye engaphandle isiqu. Lolu hlobo libizwa yensimbi birch ngenxa okhunini oluqinile, okuyinto yesibili kuphela ngamandla bokkautu (nomuthi okhula ezindaweni ezishisayo).

betula pendula

Njengoba sishilo, ke iwuphawu birch Russian. Lesitshalo nezinhlobonhlobo izihlahla ezivamile ezweni lethu futhi sizoxoxa ngani esihlokweni. Isiqalo birch (insumpa). Lo muthi singafinyelela ubude obungamamitha 30 amamitha ngenhloso ububanzi 60-80 amasentimitha isiqu. It libhekene openwork Kroon, ezilenga kusukela amahlumela, ezimhlophe noma amagxolo lemicu empunga elinamathela othini-white ne imifantu ehlukahlukene, ogama ukuma kuncike hlobo birch namagxolo. Ezansi umgqomo, ukwakheka ikhasi indawo. Birch nge idayimane-ukuma waphuka ukukhula ngokushesha, ngokulandelana, nge grubokoroy - kancane. Isici esiyinhloko lolu hlobo - khona neziqu ezincane, okuthiwa warts kwi amagatsha asemancane. Izinhlobonhlobo ebaluleke kunayo Karelian birch kubhekwa.

betula pubescens

Downy birch isihlahla simele iqonde-isiqu nge amagatsha evulekile upwardly, amagxolo bushelelezi umbala omhlophe noma lemicu empunga elinamathela othini futhi ilenga phansi amahlumela amasha. Okwakwaziswa ngokukhethekile burls birch.

Betula pubescens litholakala cishe zonke izindawo, ngaphandle ezindaweni kakhulu wasenyakatho nowaseningizimu futhi lapho kukhona kwezinhlobo shrubby ka-birch. Incazelo insimu ka izihlahla ezikhulayo: zilwane ezivame kakhulu birch ngokuvamile ezimila kuleli paki esifanayo, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi izakhiwo zemvelo ezahlukene zabo; I-birch ayethanda endaweni eyomile entabeni, futhi Fluffy - amaxhaphozi; ngezinye izikhathi lokhu kutholakala ezindaweni exhaphozini. Lezi zinhlobo birch zikhule kahle lezihlahla kanye zezihlahla.

Mini-izihlahla

Yiziphi izinhlobo birch, ngaphandle izinhlobo okukhulunywe ngawo ngaphambili ku ezivulekile wezwe lakithi? Ngaphezu kwalokho Khingan zezihlahla amade ezintabeni birches Russian zikhule yemifino. Ezinye izinhlobo zawo zitholakala Altai Izintaba nezindawo sezintaba-Asia Ephakathi. Botany has mayelana 12 zezihlahla yemifino ezikhulayo emhlabeni wonke. Ngakho, ngokwesibonelo, ungakwazi ukujabulela Altai cordata birch ku Pamiro Alta - Altaian futhi turkestan, futhi Tien-Shan - birch Sapozhnikova futhi Schrenk.

izihlahla into encane ezweni lethu atholakala ezingxenyeni ezikude zenyakatho, ikakhulukazi treeless landscape zone we Nenkabazwe we ibhande Arctic nge ejwayelekile moss-ulele emathafeni izimila sezintaba empumalanga yeSiberia. Okuvame kakhulu zihlanganisa yemifino birch yemifino, Skinny, Middendorf birch kanye Komarov.

Ezinye izinhlobo amancane ukuze ziphansi ukuphakama, boletus amakhowe. Ezindaweni ezithile, ungathola izihlahla yemifino, ngokubukeka okusikhumbuza ngaphezulu nezihlahla: birch Kuzmischeva, Gmelin, efanele, kustranikovaya, ovalnolistnaya neMpumalanga Ekude. Lesotudrovyh sikhule ogxile zokuzamazama, ezindaweni izimbuku ehlathini.

birch Dahurian

Temnokorye zinhlobo isihlahla ziya esakazwa eliseMpumalanga Ekude, nakuba ezinye zazo kungaba lenze Eastern eSiberia. Lezi zihlanganisa birch, Dahurian. Isihlahla nge umqhele openwork ikhula m 25 ukuphakama. Umehluko omkhulu kusuka nezinye izilwane - amagxolo yasekuqaleni: birches osemncane luhlaza Pinkish, elidala - grey, ngezinye izikhathi ezimnyama ansundu, aqhephukile kanye okusanhlamvu. Birch amagxolo ngezikhathi ezithile kancane exfoliate bese ewa, engxenyeni esele okuyinto kuthé tufts kudala nomphumela zinyakaze. amahlamvu Dark eziluhlaza birch dahurica (abamnyama) bawe okusaqanda babe umthunzi ophuzi onsundu. Izimbali iqala ngokushesha ngemuva ukuqhakaza amahlamvu. Yokukhula mufushane kuka e yezinye izinhlobo.

birch Grove

Ezintabeni ogwini Black Sea eningizimu Tuapse futhi Rion umcengezi kukhona amahlathi elincane birch Medvedev. Ngenxa ezinhle amagatsha kucedvwa, lolu hlobo ngokuvamile likhula emithambekeni, of amahlumela anezimpande kwakhiwa ezingaphansi omusha izihlahla.

buka UKwenza iZinto ngeNdlela eNgakajayeleki ezifeni kwakhiwa birch Radde ne amagxolo obomvu-pink. Ummeleli kuphela eRussia izihlahla acute - Birch Maksimovic, okuyinto itholakala kuphela kulesi siqhingi oseningizimu Kunashir Isiqhingi (Kuril yokhalo).

iqoqo eMoscow

Lokhu Isakh Botanical Garden, inhloko-dolobha kusukela neqoqo abelwe ezimbili kuphela izinhlobonhlobo North American temnokoryh izihlahla. Abanaso uthanda Khingan izinhlobo yethu birch! Kuphela khona namacici eziningi, ejwayelekile zalesi sitshalo, ibonisa ukuthi lokhu udadewabo Birch yethu. Futhi lapha kukhona izihlahla segolide amagxolo shiny. Lena ingenye kwezinhlobo North American.

Manje uyazi ukuthi zingaki izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo zezihlahla birch ezikhulayo emhlabeni wonke, nokuthi Russia isibe acebe zinhlobo Ukwakheka birches zwe.