Putorana Reserve. Okubekiwe we Krasnoyarsk Territory

Kutholwe Putoransky State egicna imvelo ezindaweni emibili Taimyr Autonomous District - Khatanga futhi Dudinka, futhi kwakusekhona nokuhle le Evenk Autonomous avtonomnyy, e Ilim esifundeni. Reserve Centre ithatha ngokugcwele Putoransky uhlelo entabeni. emazweni Okuvikelwe abe endaweni ingqikithi 1.8 Mill. Amahektha.

Le ndawo sesikhashana kuhlanganisa namuhla 3 Cordon: Dyupkun echibini, amanzi aleli chibi futhi echibini Inja Manumakli. Futhi 2 esibhedlela ngezinjongo zocwaningo: kwechibi futhi echibini Ayan Kutaramakan.

inqolobane umlando

Putorana Reserve (kumephu ngenhla) kwamiswa eceleni kwegama elifanayo kuphela ngo-1988, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi umbuzo yenhlangano yakhe kubhekwa emuva ngo-1970. Ngo-2001, kwaba khona umcimbi obalulekile - esiqiwini uqokelwe isimo, okuyinto kumnikeza ilungelo lokuba phakathi omunye ifa yemvelo nezamasiko UNESCO inhlangano emhlabeni.

Putoransky reserve: sezulu

Ngo Putoransky sezulu reserve kuyahluka okushisa ngokucijile yezwekazi nge amplitude okusezingeni eliphezulu. Lesi sibalo empumalanga 100 ° C, futhi enyakatho - 86 ° C. usuku Polar ihlala izinsuku 74 (16 Meyi - 29 Julayi), futhi ebusuku polar - ezinsukwini ezingu-56 (25 Novemba - 13 Januwari).

On Putoransky ithafa kusobala kakhulu ebonakalayo nokuklanywa kwendawo akukwazi wathi mayelana nezinye izifunda of Russia. Ezingxenyeni ezihlukahlukene ithafa kwakhiwa namathafa ayo, kakhulu kuhluke bodwa, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi kule ndawo ine isakhiwo esifanayo Geological kanye morphological. Plateau itholakala endaweni empambana ikuphi emkhathini izindawo zemvelo. Ukuze eseningizimu libhekene esipholile futhi Arctic sezulu esishintshashintshayo, okusho ukuthi ukudlula emingcele main ezimbili izinhlobo landscape ezihlobene eliphakeme isikhundla taxonomic.

izinto ezenziwa abantu

Putoransky uhlelo entabeni, ikakhulukazi uma sikhuluma ngakho eseningizimu, enyakatho nasempumalanga izingxenye, ebezisetshenziswa kahle abomdabu basezifundeni esifundeni yokuziphatha ngokudoba, ukuzingela kanye reindeer ukunakekela. izindlela ezinjalo ukusetshenziswa ngokusimama kwezinsiza zemvelo, lukaKhisimusi eNyakatho Ekude yeCanada, wadalula sonke isikhathi ngendlela ethile phezu yezimila nezilwane ezihlukahlukene yasethafeni entabeni. ngokucacile kakhulu lokhu nomthelela yabantu abathintekayo ushintsho kunombolo lwezilwane ezisengozini kakhulu, ukuthi ziqale futhi libhekisela labantu Putoransky imvu bighorn.

Umthelela ongemuhle umsebenzi womuntu

Ngo Putoransky Reserve ebukekayo zasendle ubunjalo Russia ayikaze negalelo elinamandla womuntu, esangenza emhlabeni wonke zemvelo ophilayo kwesokunxele cishe njengoba yayinjalo. Kule ndawo yizenzo zabantu kubonakala kuphela umsebenzi yomdabu abantu ngokudoba, ukuzingela kanye reindeer ezaziphila ngokufuya.

Noma kunjalo, ngenxa umthelela kakhulu kwehle isibalo endemics wendawo - Putoransky imvu bighorn, kancane esingaphansi labantu baba amaphiva, reindeer zasendle, wolverines, ochakide sables, izimpungushe nezimpisi.

amabhizinisi Industrial esifundeni kancane. Phakathi kwabo, into eyinhloko, esithinta ubunjalo ezizungezile nokongiwa omubi, iyona izimayini kanye Metallurgical isakhiwo esikhulu kunazo zonke, elise Norilsk. Kuyinto Awukude Umda wenu wasentshonalanga Putorana Reserve, cishe 150-200 angu kude. It zihlanganyela izimayini ibhizinisi metallic imikhando nezinsimbi, ngakho kukhona njalo ukwethula ezingcolile emoyeni kwekhabhoni aqukethe oxides of izinsimbi ezisindayo, isibabule, carbon nothuli.

Konke lokhu kuyinto nomthelela omubi kakhulu nemvelo futhi ekugcineni kuholela izinguquko izimila engxenyeni esentshonalanga kanjani Putorana Reserve kanye sesikhashana zone. Esikhathini ezincwadini zesayensi, ungathola ulwazi oluningi mayelana umthelela kwekhabhoni kwezezimboni izitshalo zendawo, kuyilapho agcinele izikhulu musa ukuqhuba ucwaningo lwazo. Kukhona okwamanje usayizi ngqo ngokuphelele kwendawo ukuthi echayeke kwekhabhoni zezimboni elimazayo. Ngokokunye ukulinganisela owandulelayo umsebenzi Imayini Metallurgical Hlanganisa e Norilsk kubathinta kabi mayelana 1/10 square Putorana Reserve kanye 1/3 ye-zone sesikhashana.

Nobuhle yemvelo

I wokugodlwa into emaphakathi yemvelo kubhekwe Putorana ithafa inkulu, okusho ihlanganisa indawo abangaba yizigidi 2.5 amahektha. Ngo Central eSiberia ubhekwa kekulu isicupho basalt ithafa. ISoviet Union yakuqala kukhona kwenye lolu hlobo impumuzo. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ithafa imisebenzi yezomnotho kungukuthi kwenziwe emlandweni kuze kube phakade.

izinto kwamanzi ivezwa esiqiwini zivaliwe imifula - Khatanga Pyasina futhi ngobukhulu - Yenisei.

SamaPuritan Reserve has Izimpophoma eziningi ukuthi lona ubuhle amazing. Nangu omkhulu kunabo bonke endaweni impophoma Russia (108 metres).

amachibi eziningi Putorana Reserve idume ukujula layo eliyingqayizivele omkhulu, ngaphakathi 180-420 amamitha.

izimila

Ngo Putoransky reserve lapho izilwane zasendle Russia kwembulwa yonke inkazimulo yayo, zikhona 398 izitshalo ephakeme, lokulandisa 61% ye izitshalo Imininingwane yasethafeni. Phakathi kwabo kuyafaneleka izitshalo ezingavamile ezifana poppy belovoloskovy, slipper nezimagqabhagqabha, Rhodiola rosea futhi yangakini nasembulungeni yonke-Asian. Kukhona futhi sendawo Putorana - poppy ezimibalabala, marigold futhi oxytrope ngasekupheleni Putoransky phakathi sendawo entabeni izinhlelo Byrranga futhi Putoran - fescue ushkovataya futhi sendawo kuya enyakatho laseSiberia ethulwa dandelion longhorned, oxytrope Taimyr futhi Sitnic eside elinekhala.

izilwane ezihlala ezweni

Putorana Reserve esihlanganisa ezilwaneni ezinomgogodla ezinamehlo ehlathini, emathafeni, ihlathi nezinye izilwane ezivame atholakala ezintabeni. Plateau liwumngcele esenyakatho ukusatshalaliswa kwezinhlobo eziningi, kuhlanganise Sable, ama-lynx, izingwejeje abavamile, amaphiva, goshawk, ihlathi Lemmings, grouse itshe capercaillie futhi abavamile, Iziqophamithi, isikhova ebiyelwe, abayizithulu futhi cuckoo, izinhlobo eziningi passerine, Kulikova futhi nezinye izilwane.

Le ndawo engxenyeni esenyakatho Central eSiberia kuyinto lokushutheka ukhozi ezinkulu ezimhlophe-tailed nenqe. Ukuze engxenyeni eseningizimu-mpumalanga yesifundazwe isici lokushutheka Little Curlew kanye maphakathi ithafa Putorana uhlala iningi labantu Putoransky imvu bighorn. Lihlala inqwaba amabhere, nezimpisi wolverines, edlala biocenoses wendawo indima ephawulekayo.

Abahlukile futhi lomkhuba yethusa ngempela Putoransky reserve izilwane zasendle ezibhekwa kufuduka ezithile zonyaka inombolo omkhulu wezinyamazane zasendle. Ingxenye ebalulekile yokuphikelela nemizila ezifudukayo we ndawo Putoransky ithafa ngokusebenzisa oludlula kwakufika cishe bonke abantu we Taimyr reindeer (acishe abe yizinkulungwane 450-480 ngabanye). On ithafa phakathi nonyaka sebezofunda 5-6 izinyanga. Dlula onqenqemeni kunalokho engumngcingo phakathi 100 150 amakhilomitha, ngakho-ke kungenzeka ukuphetha ngokuthi kukhona okuthiwa kufuduka isiteshi transmissive unyaka ngamunye ukuba 220 izinkulungwane reindeer zasendle.

Amphibians: intulo eSiberia

Kuyinto isilwane kuphela ekilasini eziphila emanzini nasezweni, esethulwa eMihlanganweni Yesigodi Putoransky ithafa. Ifomu evamile lonke Russian ehlathini esifundeni, ezivame ukuba ezisenyakatho kuya zone ihlathi-emathafeni, cishe ukuze kwemingcele yayo enyakatho. Noma kunjalo intulo laseSiberia ivelakancane ngenxa engxenyeni esenyakatho Krasnoyarsk Territory futhi ngokuvamile utholakala kuphela sifinyelela ongenhla emfuleni Stony Tunguska emahlathini kaphayini.

Maphakathi Putorana Reserve zilwane amphibian wathola ngo-July 1982 e Lake Harpicha. Ngakho-ke, uma ukuthola yena intulo aseSiberia inani abantu abane esikhungweni Putoransky izintaba endaweni engamamitha 481 amamitha kuba ukuthuthukiswa kubaluleke kakhulu futhi imele nesithakazelo esikhethekile ngokuya zoogeography.

Sendawo kuze kufike endaweni ebekelwe - Putoransky imvu bighorn

Putorana Reserve yiyo esifundeni kuphela kuhlale omunye izilwane enkulu kancane eyaziwa emhlabeni - Putoransky imvu bighorn, noma bighorn. Wakhuluma ngesihloko lapha njengoba zenyathi ehlukile, futhi likhona Red Encwadi eSoviet Union, futhi manje naseRussia. Le ndawo yokuhlala - isikhungo endaweni Putoransky ezintabeni, esifundeni amakhulu amakhilomitha kusuka ukusatshalaliswa esifundeni nezinye zenyathi iqhwa imvu.

Waterworld Putorana

Ngo Putoransky Reserve amanzi emifuleni kutholakala 36 kwezinhlobo zezinhlanzi. Kuyaqapheleka zilwane lapha eziningi sendawo, ezifana Grayling, whitefish futhi wezinhlamvu izinhlanzi. Iningi lazo ziye esezihloliwe kuze kube manje akwanele, hhayi ukunquma isimo sabo taxonomic. Ukuba khona nje lwezinhlobo eziningi intraspecific kakhulu kwandisa ukuhlukahluka izinhlanzi endaweni ukulondolozwa.

The main ezivikelwe

I ezincelisayo kakhulu zigadiwe ezilandelayo: lemming Collared, imvu bighorn, amaphiva, Ermine, ama-caribou, must-rat, Sable, ama-lynx, Ibhere elinsundu. Of izinyoni - ukhozi, nenkanyiso encane emhlophe, uklebe isikhova, ukhozi elimhlophe-tailed, isikhova darnel, capercaillie ezivamile itshe futhi, abamnyama crane, goshawk, Swan encane.

avikelwe Iningi zinhlobo izinhlanzi emelelwa Grayling laseSiberia, whitefish, whitefish futhi wezinhlamvu Ussurijskim Arctic, futhi njengoba i-eziphila emanzini nasezweni, le intulo ivikelwe eSiberia kuphela.

Okubekiwe we Krasnoyarsk Territory

Konke Krasnoyarsk ndawo nemvelo reserves eziyisikhombisa. Ministry of Natural Resources kanye Lemvelo Russia wanquma ujoyine Krasnoyarsk izinqolobane senziwa ngo-Agasti nyakenye. Putoransky, Taimyr, Omkhulu Arctic egicna imvelo Krasnoyarsk Territory yahlanganiswa.

izinqolobane Taimyr Ziningi izivakashi. It amachibi, ezihosheni, Amathafa futhi entabeni emihumeni. Naphezu remoteness lendawo we inani lezivakashi lilinganiselwa kakhulu sanda. Abaphathi igodla Taimyr isungule amaphrojekthi elandelayo hambo izivakashi: kwemvelo, umcimbi, ezemfundo kanye Ethno yezokuvakasha.