Izinhlobo futhi izindlela zokuxhumana: izibonelo. Ukuxhumana njengoba uhlobo lomyalezo

Ukuxhumana njengendlela indlela yokuxhumana kuhilela ukwenana ulwazi, imibono, amagugu kanye nemizwa. Leli gama elisuka Latin. Ngokwezwi nezwi ehunyushwa ngokuthi, umqondo zokuxhumana kusho "jikelele", "wabe yibo bonke". I exchange of ulwazi okuholela ekuqondisisaneni ezidingekayo ukuze kufinyelelwe lo mgomo. Esesizokuhlola izici yokuxhumana enhlanganweni.

izici Jikelele

Ngomqondo obanzi, umqondo zokuxhumana exhunywe ne ukuqaliswa izinguquko, ithonya imisebenzi abafinyelela ukuchuma yenkampani. Ngomqondo ewumngcingo, injongo yayo - ukufinyelela ukuqonda okunembile yezwe aphethe wayithumelela umyalezo. Esebenzisa amafomu zokuxhumana zahlukahlukene kakhulu. Bebonke bakha uhlelo kunalokho eyinkimbinkimbi futhi multi-egqinsiwe.

Ukwahlukaniswa wezokuxhumana

It wenziwa ngokuvumelana nezimfuno ezahlukene. izinhlobo zokuxhumana zihlukaniswa yokwakheka abahlanganyeli. Ngakho-ke kungaba mass, iqembu kanye ekuchumana. izinhlobo zokuxhumana kuye ukukhululwa:

1. Indlela sungula nokugcina contact. Ngokusho lokhu umbandela kuyinto oqondile (ngokushesha) futhi akude (ngokungaqondile) zokuxhumana.
2. Initiative abahlanganyeli. Kulesi sisekelo ukuhlukanisa nokuxhumana yekwentiwa kanye asebenzayo.
3. Izinga yenhlangano kolwazi lokushintshisana. Lokhu umbandela kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukwaba zokuxhumana ehlelekile futhi abayitoho.
4. Ngena izinhlelo esetshenziswa. Kulesi sisekelo angawodwa non-ngamazwi nangamazwi nokuxhumana.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona izinhlobo zokuxhumana. Ukuxhumana kungenzeka athathe isimo izingxoxo, izingxoxo, kukhulunywa, imihlangano, imihlangano, izingxoxo, ibhizinisi ukuxhumana, reception imibuzo siqu, kuqale umhlangano nabezindaba, ucingo, isethulo nokunye.

exchange okusebenzisana kolwazi

Isimo ekukhulumisaneni okuphumelelayo yalolu hlobo is dalo abahlanganyeli Inani liwukuthi ukusabela ngeke ayithathe indawo ngaso sonke. Lokhu kwesisekelo ubizwa ngokokukhetha kwabacwaningi bashintshisane isici nezivumelwano. Amafomu oyinhloko wokuxhumana kanye nokusebenza imingcele yabo zinqunywa ngabanye. Njengoba labo ukhiye izimpawu obusebenzayo, ugqozi kanye nasemakhonweni okuhlakanipha. Kugcine kuhlanganisa izici ezihlukahlukene, kwamiswa okuyinto yi kwangaphakathi ungubani emhlabeni ngesikhatsi isitoreji ke nakho yobuchopho. Lokhu, ikakhulukazi, ulwazi amakhodi ofuna ukuxhumana nathi, ukuziqaphela, self-observation, amakhono metacommunicative, ikhono ngokwanele ukuhlola kungenzeka umlingani. Ukuze kulezi zici futhi kufanele ubheke ubandlululo nezinganekwane, izinkolelo kanye eyeqisayo.

ipharamitha nokuzikhuthaza kunqunywa izidingo ngabanye. Uma bengekho, khona-ke, ngokufanelekile, akukho ukuxhumana noma psevdokommunikatsiya samanje. Uphiko obusebenzayo kuhlanganisa izici ezintathu. Yizo ezinquma kwekhono lomuntu. Lezi zimo zokuma kukhona ulwazi esiwusizo sokuba nezinto eziqondile ngamazwi nangezenzo izindlela okuxhunyanwa ngazo, ikhono ukwakha inkulumo ngokuhambisana nemithetho yokuziphatha kanye nekhodi iziqondiso.

iqembu nokuxhumana

It kuvela ngokuhamba ukuxhumana okuqondile yenombolo elincane lezikhonzi abazi ezinye kahle ngamunye futhi njalo ukushintshisana ngolwazi. Umkhawulo engezansi ukukhulumisana okunjalo ngokuvamile dyad noma uziqu-zintathu. Eyokuqala iphathelene nokuxhumana phakathi kwalezi zinto zombili, kanti eyesibili - abantu abathathu. I mkhawulo kuzoncika ubunjalo iqembu. Zonke izinhlobo zokuxhumana ngendlela iqembu ngaphandle ulwazi, kanye nokuqalisa neminye imisebenzi. Ngokwesibonelo, lapho ekusebenzisaneni kwakhiwa kwemvume enikeziwe isinyathelo united, sibangelwa isiko.

inethiwekhi

Eqenjini elincane, ezihlukahlukene ulwazi eqonda on zokuxhumana. Zingaba eyodwa noma yonkana. Esimweni sokuqala, isihloko aluka elibazungezile ukwaziswa okubalulekile iqembu. amanethiwekhi eyodwa zihlukaniswe zibe:

1. Front. Ngaphansi isimiso esinjalo, abahlanganyeli musa mbeni, kanti ngaphakathi emehlweni nomunye.
2. Osabalalayo. Kulesi simiso, inani idluliselwa ngokusebenzisa amalungu emaphakathi tesifundvo iqembu.
3. Phezulu. Letakhi ehilela amazinga ezimbili noma ngaphezulu kwakuwukuthi abahlanganyeli.

Ngo amanethiwekhi usabalalise, amalungu eqembu bayalingana. Yilelo nalelo lungu bangathola, inqubo kanye ukudlulisa idatha ngqo ukuxhumana nezinye izinto. uhlelo okunjalo kungaba ngesimo:

1. Chain. Njengengxenye yalolu lwazi isakhiwo basakaza ngokulandelana kusukela umhlanganyeli umhlanganyeli.
2. Circle. Ngaphansi kwalesi simiso, wonke amalungu eqembu amathuba afanayo. Imininingwane kungakuzuzisa aluka bangaphezi phakathi kwezinhlangano, olusha, kulekelelwa.

Uhlelo endlalekile ka ukushintshanisa kwe-data kungaba ephelele. Kulokhu, izithiyo khulula ukuxhumana lingekho.

ngokucacile

Ukukhethwa lokhu noma enye inethiwekhi kuzoncika indlela yokuxhumana, izinjongo ukushintshanisa kwe-data. On izinhlelo eyodwa kungcono ukudlulisa ulwazi uma ulwazi kufanele yaziswe bonke abantu kudingeka sibe munye abahlanganyeli yenhlangano ukuze sikhuthaze ukuthuthukiswa ubuholi. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, kuyafaneleka ukuthi kohlaka amanethiwekhi eyodwa kuba nzima ngokwengeziwe ukuqaliswa imisebenzi yokudala futhi inselele. ukusetshenziswa njalo lezi zinhlelo kunganciphisa ukwaneliseka amabhizinisi iqhaza eqenjini. Ukuxazulula zokudala nezinselele umkhuba, amanethiwekhi endlalekile asetshenziswa. Futhi ngempumelelo ngenxa yokwanda ukwaneliseka umhlanganyeli, ukuthuthukiswa of ubudlelwane obufanele.

Exchange kwemininingwane enhlanganweni

Inqubo yokusebenzisana inkampani zingahlukaniswa zibe kuhlelwe (Lehlelekile) nokusatshalaliswa kolwazi kanye nedatha nalolungakahleleki (non-okuhleliwe). Esimweni sokuqala amafomu okujwayelekile (bobunjwa). Ukuxhumana kulokhu kuzothatha isikhathi kangako. Ukusetshenziswa izinhlobo ejwayelekile kunezinzuzo ezithile umemukeli ulwazi. Ikakhulukazi, isihloko ungacacisa isigaba kolwazi okuyinto edingekayo ukuze naye emsebenzini wakhe. Njengoba kusimo ayisihluthulelo ifomu ezinjalo ezazisetshenziswa ekuxhumaneni ukhonza ukuntuleka nakalula.

ukuxhumana lolungakahleleki

Ngokuvamile, ulwazi iziteshi engaqondile idluliselwa ngesivinini kakhulu. Lokungakahleleki kwenethiwekhi ubizwa nangokuthi iziteshi amahemuhemu esiphelweni. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ukuqiniseka labahlanganyeli ukuxhumana imithombo nalolungakahleleki ngokuvamile ephakeme kunaleyo esemthethweni.

Imikhakha ukushintshanisa kwe-data

izinqubo Ukuxhumana zingahlukaniswa zibe izindawo ezimbili ezinkulu: zangaphakathi nezangaphandle. Eyokuqala iphathelene nokuxhumana ngaphakathi ibhizinisi. zokuxhumana sangaphandle isakhiwo zokuxhumana uhlelo nge izinhlangano ngaphandle. Futhi lokho, futhi kwenye indawo ungakwazi asetshenziswe iziteshi ezehlukene zokuxhumana.

I isiqondiso kolwazi

Kulesi sisekelo ukuxhumana sehlukaniswe mpo futhi enezingqimba. Lo mqeqeshi owake wapheka, esikhundleni salokho, ifaka phakathi idatha enhla nasezansi. Kulo mBhalo, ukugeleza imininingwane liyasuswa omunye ezingeni kwesinye, aphansi. Isibonelo kungaba ukuxhumana nge ikhanda ababeholwa. Lozalo nokwaziswa transmission isiqondiso isetshenziselwa ukunikeza ngempendulo abasebenzi nomnikazi wenkampani. zindlela zokuxhumana ezisetshenziswa ukulungisa imisebenzi abangaphansi, wazise abaphathi imiphumela nezinkinga langempela. isiqondiso ovundlile kuhilela ukuxhumana iqhaza nge isikhundla alinganayo namaqembu okulingana.

Ukushintsha okukhulu kolwazi

It Kwenziwa izindlela lobuchwepheshe. Imininingwane kule nsiza bahlakazeka inani elikhulu izilaleli. ukuxhumana IMisa zinezikhathi njengoba:

1. ukubaluleka Social kolwazi.
2. The kungenzeka yokuzikhethela futhi multi-umzila yezokuxhumana.

Abahlanganyeli Ngalokuhlanganisa tinchubo akuzona abantu nezinhlangano ngokuhlanganyela. Ngokwesibonelo, kungase kube impi, abantu, uhulumeni. Ukubaluleka nezenhlalakahle exchange ulwazi ngokuvumelana nezidingo ezithile futhi okulindele yomphakathi.

Asabela ngayo mass, ikakhulukazi ezikhathini zanamuhla, ebonakala multipathing. Ikakhulukazi, isicelo sokuzwa, ezibukwayo, etimviwabukelwa, ebhaliwe, amafomu temlomo yokuxhumana. idatha Umthumeli kufeza isikhungo yezenhlalakahle noma isihloko mythologized. Ikhonza njengabameleli abamukeli ukukhomba amaqembu ukuthi ehlangana ezintweni eziningi izici eziphawuleka emphakathini.

mass ukuxhumana umsebenzi

Ukwaba imisebenzi elandelayo zokuxhumana:

1. Imininingwane. Lesi sici ukunikeza izilaleli mass, idatha isibukeli, umfundi-idethi emikhakheni ehlukahlukene umsebenzi.
2. Regulatory. zokuxhumana nowonk 'uwonke kunemtselela ukwakheka ukwazi wabantu abathile namaqembu, umbono womphakathi, ukudalwa eyeqisayo. It ikuvumela ukuba uphathe nokuziphatha emphakathini. ngokuvamile Abantu ukuthatha lezo zimfuneko zokuziphatha, izindinganiso, izimiso ezikhuthazwa abezindaba njengoba ngemibono omuhle isitayela sokugqoka, yokuphila, ukuxhumana njalo njalo. Lona uma komphakathi wesintu ngokuhambisana nalezo zimfuneko, onikelwa ntandokazi ngalesi usesimweni zomlando.
3. buka Cultural. Lesi sici kuhilela ekwetayeta umphakathi nge ipumelelo ezobuciko namasiko. Ukhuthaza abalazi isidingo phambili amagugu kanye kulondolozwe amasiko.

QMS

Ngo zokuxhumana nowonk 'uwonke usebenzisa amathuluzi akhethekile ukuthi kukhona iziteshi omoya, lapho ulwazi lasakazekela endaweni enkulu. Uhlelo yesimanje kuhlanganisa amayunithi eziningana. Ikakhulu, i-QMS kuhlanganisa abezindaba yelwati kanye nezokuxhumana. Eyokuqala ihlanganisa cindezela, iziteshi audiovisual (umsakazo, teletext nokunye.), Amasevisi Imininingwane. Abezindaba siqukethe hardware nenkanuko edlulele, imifanekiso, ukukopisha, isitoreji idatha, kanye unomphela, ukusatshalaliswa letindzala lemiqulu emikhulu umculo, ngamazwi, imininingwane engokomfanekiso.