Easy Ufuzo: imfanelo esikhubazayo - kungcono ...

imfanelo esikhubazayo - trait akusho ukuzibonakalisa uma kukhona evelele allele genotype yesibonakaliso efanayo. Ukuze uqonde kangcono le ncazelo, ake ukubhekana ngendlela izimpawu esephepheni zenzeka ezakhini zofuzo.

Nasi theory

Ngamunye sici abantu ufakwe ngelesibili ufuzo, alleles, omunye kumzali ngamunye. Alleles zihlukaniswe ephezulu kanye esikhubazayo. Uma gamete kukhona allele ephezulu kanye esikhubazayo, le phenotype izovela evelele. Lomgomo sibonisa isibonelo esilula inkambo esikoleni wezinto eziphilayo uma umzali oyedwa onamehlo aluhlaza, kanye nezinye - brown ke ingane kungenzeka brown amehlo, njengoba blue - imfanelo esikhubazayo. Lo mthetho kucushwa uma ku genotype abazali ababili brown uneso elihambisana allele evelele. Ake brown amehlo ukuze uthole izimpendulo A isakhi sofuzo i-blue - a. Khona-ke, lapho sawela ongakhetha longalulandzela:

P: AA x aa;

F1: Aa Aa Aa Aa.

Zonke inzalo heterozygous, nabo bonke abonakalisa khona evelele - brown amehlo.

inketho Okwesibili:

P: Aa x aa;

F1: Aa, Aa, aa, aa.

Nale sawela futhi ibonisa imfanelo esikhubazayo (lokhu amehlo aluhlaza). Amathuba ukuthi ingane kuyoba esiluhlaza okotshani, - 50%.

Ngokufanayo ngofuzo albino (lesikhumba iziyaluyalu), ubumpumputhe, hemophilia. Lokhu izici esikhubazayo yomuntu, okuyinto avele kuphela ukungabikho allele evelele.

Izici izici esikhubazayo

yamukela izici eziningi esikhubazayo wazithatha ngenxa ukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo. Khumbula, isibonelo, isipiliyoni Thomas Morgan ngesithelo fly Drosophila. I evamile umbala wamehlo izimpukane - obomvu kanti ezinye izimpukane imbangela ezimhlophe uneso kwaba kuguquka-X chromosome. Futhi kwakukhona esikhubazayo, ubulili-ezixhunyiwe.

Hemophilia A no ubumpumputhe futhi basonta esikhubazayo izici, ubulili-ezixhunyiwe.

Cabanga ukweqa izici esikhubazayo isibonelo umbala ubumpumputhe. Ake sithi umuntu othile isakhi sofuzo esiyimbangela yalesi umbala Umbono ovamile, - X, a asabekayo - X ^d. Crossbreeding simiswe ngalendlela lelandzelako:

P: XX X ^d Y;

F1: XX ^{d, d} XX, XY, XY.

Okungukuthi, uma ubaba umbala abayizimpumputhe, + futhi unina kwaba uphile kahle, zonke izingane kuyoba enempilo, kodwa amantombazane kuyoba abathwali umbala ubumpumputhe isakhi sofuzo, okuyinto 50% amathuba idlalwa izingane zabo besilisa. Abesifazane colorblindness ivelakancane, ngoba X chromosome enempilo ivala isikhala asabekayo.

Ezinye izinhlobo isakhi sofuzo nokuxhumana

Isibonelo sangaphambilini umbala amehlo akhe - isibonelo ukubusa okuphelele, okungukuthi, isakhi sofuzo evelele is ngokuphelele drowns out sakhi sofuzo esikhubazayo. Ngena ngemvume esiboniswe genotype sifana allele evelele. Kodwa zikhona izikhathi lapho isakhi sofuzo evelele akuyona ngokuphelele suppresses le esikhubazayo, nenzalo kuboniswa esiphambanweni - isici esisha (kodominirovanie), noma zibonakale ngezingxabano kokubili izakhi zofuzo (ukubusa akuphelele).

Kodominirovanie - into ezingavamile. Kubantu kodominirovanie livela kuphela ifa amaqembu igazi. Ake oyedwa kubazali iqembu wegazi (AA) yesibili, kwesibili - iqembu lesithathu (BB). Kokubili u-A no-B isici evelele. Lapho ewela, sithola ukuthi zonke izingane kufanele igazi iqembu lesine, bebhala ngendlela eyimfihlo njengoba AB. Lokho kubonakala ku phenotype kokubili izimpawu.

Futhi ngofuzo umbala izitshalo eziningi zezimbali. Lapho kokuwela rhododendron obomvu nomhlophe, umphumela kungaba kokubili obomvu nomhlophe kanye bi umbala imbali. Nakuba obomvu evelele, futhi kulokhu, awusebenzi ukucindezela imfanelo esikhubazayo. Lokhu yokusebenzisana lapho kokubili izici manifest ngokulinganayo ngamandla genotype.

Esinye isibonelo engavamile ihlobene kodominirovaniem. Ngu ukweqa yonke obomvu nomhlophe yalokho kungenzeka pink. Umbala pink kuwumphumela ukubusa akuphelele, lapho allele evelele baxhumana esikhubazayo. Ngakho, isici esisha Lesisemkhatsini.

ukuxhumana-non-allelic

It is wawufuna ukuba abantu genotype ukubusa akuphelele akuyona eyinqaba. akuphelele ukubusa mshini awusebenzi umbala ifa. Uma omunye wabazali kwesikhumba simnyama, omunye ukukhanya, futhi ingane - amnyama, inketho Lesisemkhatsini, akusiyo isibonelo ukubusa akuphelele. Kulokhu nje kwenzeka nokuxhumana izakhi zofuzo nonallelic.