KumiswaIsayensi

Ukukhanya okuphansi: izici sokunquma kanye namazinga

Igama elithi "ukukhanya kwezinga lokushisa" lizama Yiqiniso, hhayi izinga lokushisa wangempela futhi umbala ukukhanya, noma ngenye indlela - Umbala we predominance ukukhanya spectra obomvu noma oluhlaza.

Kungani ukwazi

Kubalulekile ukwazi lokushisa umbala kanjani kulabo abasebenza ngqo ukukhanya, isibonelo, abaklami, nabathwebuli. Njengoba akekho omunye bakwazi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uhlobo olufanele imibala njengoba ukukhanya kungamshintsha zonke (kungaba umuntu uzimele noma ngaphakathi) kanye ukumosha.

Ideal black umzimba

umthombo lokushisa Khanyisa kukalwa ngokwamazinga Kelvin. Kulinganiselwa ngefomula Planck sika: izinga lokushisa lapho umzimba abamnyama ngabe ihlaba umkhosi ukukhanya okufanayo umbala ithoni, futhi kuzoba yinani oyifunayo.

Ngakho, incazelo lokushisa umbala kwenzeka ngokuqhathanisa oyifunayo umthombo wokukhanya enomzimba abamnyama. iphethini ezithakazelisayo: ayanda izinga lokushisa kwe-mBhalo, evelele kakhulu ukukhanya blue bohlu.

Gadangisa elula practice: izinga lokushisa umbala ngesibani esikhipha nge ukukhanya efudumele emhlophe - 2700 K, futhi isibani Fluorescent emini - 6000 K.
Kungani becabanga kanjalo? Umzimba black ongaqhathaniswa yensimbi, okuyinto ukufuthelana ku sokukhanda. Sonke khumbula ukuthi metal red hot, kodwa izinga lokushisa namanje kunalokho ongaphakeme, irobhothi libomvu, futhi ngokuvamile utholakala ezincwadini, inkulumo ethi "white-hot" - okungukuthi, ngezinga lokushisa elingaphezulu kakhulu kwaleli. Futhi umzimba black likhipha ukukhanya ngokulandelana imibala kusuka obomvu, osawolintshi nomhlophe, futhi iphela njengoba okumhlophe nokuluhlaza. Okungukuthi, abangabantwana ephansi izinga lokushisa yokukhanya, ngakho-ke wakhona ufudumele.

ezinye amagugu

Nomkhakha ebonakalayo emzimbeni evuthayo, insimbi efanayo "red-hot" iqala ngo-800 degrees Kelvin. Kuyinto dim, kukhanya ebumnyameni abomvu. ukukhanya Yellow ilangabi abe lokushisa kabili, kusukela ngo-1500 kuya ku-2000 K. Izibani zivamise elisetshenziswa ukuqopha, nika indices degree angaba 3250. Ilanga elusa emkhathizwe, ukukhanya kanye lokushisa 3400 K, kanye nezinga lokushisa elizosetshenziswa ukukhanya sosuku - cishe 5000 K. Amazinga umbala flash ukukhanya - 5500-5600 degrees. Izibani phosphor multi-egqinsiwe, kuye ngokuthi ukukhanya emabhontjisi, amarekhodi kusuka 2700 kuya 7700 K.

indida ezithakazelisayo

Ngakho, igama elithi "izinga lokushisa" lapha ukhonza njengelungu determinant umbala. Ekuqaleni kuzoba nzima ukujwayela yokuthi lokushisa okumsulwa esiluhlaza (12 000 K) izikhathi eziyishumi (!) Kudlulwe izinga lokushisa amalangabi umlilo (1200 K). Futhi kule ndawo isigxobo kwesibhakabhaka ngisho "ukufudumala" - ngu-20 000 K! elangeni izinga lokushisa liyashintshashintsha phakathi nosuku kusuka 3000 kuya 7000 K.

Siqokomisa iqiniso lokuthi imibala ehlukene ehlukile umfutho ukukhanya, ukuthi kwasakazwa ehlukile. Ill-utawuphendvula ilangabi Ngokwesibonelo ikhandlela emhlabeni ngokwayo ukhanyisa yingxenye encane kuphela isikhala, futhi LED emhlophe, licace okuningi, kodwa ungakwazi ukuqhathanisa LED imibala ezimbili ezifanayo ophuzi nomhlophe. Nakuba ungubani ubukhulu namandla, i-yellow LED dimmer futhi izibani ezibomvu ngisho nakakhulu.

kwezidalwa

Sasivame ukuhlangana shades of nombala ofanayo. Ubuchwepheshe ukukhanyisa iyona iziqu ngokuvamile mhlophe: cool, ongachemile efudumele. Eqinisweni, ngisho izinguquko ezinjalo ezincane ngokwesimo ithuluzi gamma ithonya obucayi kangaka futhi eqondile njenge ehlweni lomuntu. Lezi shades of white akuyona kuphela sokudlulisa umbala esikhanyayo izinto ezahlukene, kodwa futhi ngendlela ehlukile e izimo zezulu ezihlukahlukene futhi ububanzi ezahlukene ibanga ugongolo ukukhanya.

Zonke izici ezingenhla ziyabhekelelwa uma udala nomkhiqizi yesimanje ukukhanyisa amadivayisi ahlukahlukene, kodwa ukuqonda umehluko ngemibala, kubalulekile ukuba ethula esinye ipharamitha ezibalulekile.

Umbala ukukhiqizwa kabusha

lokushisa ama-globe kagesi - akuyona into nje ukuthi kufanele wazi. Omunye imigomo eyisisekelo e ukukhanyisa ubuchwepheshe - umbala yokuhumusha. Ngokuqinisekile wonke umuntu hhayi nje kufanele siqiniseke ukuthi kuye ukukhanya sikwazi ukubona ehlukile nombala ofanayo. Yebo, amagama imibala - nje isivumelwano phakathi abantu uqoke igama noma ukuthi siyaqonda wavelength. Eqinisweni, iso lethu ihlukanisa ezihlukile ezingaba yizigidi eziyishumi, kodwa iningi labo sibona ngesikhathi sasemini, elangeni. Yena akhethwa njengosuku ejwayelekile.

Ngakho, umbala yokuhumusha, noma degree of Coefficient jikelele umbala, - umugqa umthombo wokukhanya noma ikhono ukudlula umbala esezingeni into esikhanyayo kanye elangeni. Ayephila Ra, futhi wasebenzisa igama elithi umbala ukuhumusha Inkomba - CRI, CRI.

Izinga inenani 100 Ra (noma CRI), kanye aphansi sibalo isibani noma ilambu, ephansi ukukhanya yemvelo ezithwala luhlaza into.

Izinketho engcono

Izinga lokushisa, ukukhanya, umswakama - izibalo ezibaluleke kakhulu induduzo noma iliphi igumbi, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukukhetha umthunzi esifanele ukukhanyisa. izibani lokushisa futhi izibani LED nge abandayo esimhlophe kolebretsya kusuka 5000 kuya 7000 K Cool kumhlophe njengoboya ibizwa ngokuthi abakhiqizi wokugubha, has a kunalokho ongaphakeme umbala ukuhumusha Inkomba, mayelana kuphela 60-65, okusho, lokhu kukhanya, iso womuntu ubona umbala ehlukile : mhlawumbe wonke umuntu ubone ukuthi izinto zishintshe "ezingaphili" okhanyayo ilambu elikuhlaza. Nokho, kuba bonke shades uye aphakeme Ngokuphambene isilinganiso, futhi ngenxa yalokho, zibalulekile uma udinga izibani izinto ezimnyama ngombala (isibonelo, i-asphalt ezimanzi, phansi). Esinye isici - kahle kude kude, Nokho ngokuvamile umthunzi "white cool" lisetshenzisiwe ilambu, yesikhathi eside (ububanzi ukusakaza - mayelana 200 m).

I kokungathathi hlangothi LED emhlophe - kokungathathi hlangothi emhlophe - izinga lokushisa kule ezahlukene 3700 kuya 5000 K CRI yayo engaba ngu-75, futhi ngenxa yalokho, uma kuqhathaniswa ne abandayo emabhontjisi umbala inqubo ngenhla. Nokho, uhla ugongolo ukukhanya ngezansi, ngakho izibani nokukhanya kokungathathi hlangothi ezimhlophe abe ibanga sifushane, kodwa ngokunethezeka zamehlo.

Amazinga yokukhanya efudumele (omhlophe efudumele) - kusukela 2500 kuya 3700 K. Inkomba umbala ngisho ephakeme, azungeze 80, kodwa uhla namanje esingaphansi bin hlangothi. tints Nokho efudumele futhi singathathi hlangothi esingcono phezu ezimhlophe abandayo, uma kunesidingo ngaphansi okusezingeni eliphezulu ukukhanyisa intuthu, umswakama (Uma lina, kunenkungu), futhi ngaphansi kwamanzi, lapho iqukethe ukumiswa (isb, amachibi). Ezimweni ezinjalo, cool izibani ezimhlophe ngaphezulu akuzona into uqobo, futhi isikhala phambi kwakhe, ukwakha ukukhanya tube.

i-diodes

Uma esikhipha noma Fluorescent kungenzeka ukuba ayeke kuphela ukubaluleka izinga lokushisa umbala LED kuphela akwanele, ngakho kwaba khona ukwahlukana okuthiwa ku imigqomo. I diodes kungase predominance ngokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (green) noma pink shades, ngakho-ke uma kudingeka imithombo ukukhanya okuningi, kubalulekile ukukhetha izici ezifanayo. ubhontshisi division iyahluka kwenye abanye abakhiqizi, kufanele kucatshangelwe uma, isibonelo, ehhovisi, udinga ukushintsha kwesibani.

Leli phephandaba

Ngokuvamile, imibala yokukhanya efudumele zinhle ngokudala, isimo ethokomele efudumele. It is lisetshenziswe ukukhanyisa ka izindawo zokudlela, amathilomu, boutiques, ehhotela Ezindaweni zokwamukela izivakashi, kanye nezindawo zokuhlala.

ukukhanya White kuyinto zijwayele ukuba iso, kuba ezifanele uma ufuna ukwakha friendly, uqobo, kodwa umsebenzi akuyona esizolile. Kulesi ukukhanya, ukufunda, ngakho lezi izibani ezifakiwe wezincwadi, kanye ezitolo futhi izakhiwo ehhovisi.

Ngiphakathi nendawo ezimhlophe kunikeza umphumela friendly, ephephile futhi enobungane emkhathini. Ngaphezu isikhala ehhovisi isetshenziswa emahholo embukisweni kanye ezitolo ezidayisa izincwadi.

ukukhanya Cold ulungisa isimo esicacile, ehlanzekile futhi ithele. Yilokho iseluleko sakhe ukuze emakilasini, nezitolo ezinkulu, izibhedlela, namahhovisi.

ukukhanya Fluorescent nge lokushisa 5000 K ukugqamisa umbala izinto, emkhathini kule ukukhanya livela okukhanya kancane okuphazamisayo. Ukusabalala okunjalo kungafaneleka egumbini luhlolo esibhedlela, in the gallery, emnyuziyamu kanye esitolo ubucwebe, kubaluleke kakhulu kulezi zindawo ukuthi iso womuntu babone izinto ekukhanyeni yazo yemvelo.

Izithombe namavidiyo

Okwakubaluleke ngokukhethekile ukwazi lokushisa ukukhanya for bezithombe kanye bezithombe, kanye abantu zanimayuschihya ukulungiswa izithombe namavidiyo. Njengoba ikhamera ukukhanya ebandayo kuthatha konke ukukhanya ezingezona ezemvelo, kumele kubhekwe esikhathini kucutshungulwe.

Ngezinye izikhathi kwakunzima kakhulu ifilimu. ezahlukeneyo Negative futhi slide ekhiqizwa kuphela sokudubula esenzeke emini (mayelana 5700 K) noma ukukhanya yellow efudumele (2500-2700 K, okubizwa ngokuthi vechernayaya ifilimu). Kuphela ngale ndlela kwakunokwenzeka ukuthola i ukumelwa ezanele imibala ngaphandle kokusebenzisa ukulungiswa eyengeziwe noma izihlungi.

Kufihlwe negative umbala amafilimu kakade okukhiqizwa ngaphansi lokushisa kwemini 4500 K.

Esikhathini esidijithali

Esikhathini sethu kule ifilimu cishe akekho sisuka nje. amakhamera Modern digital kukhona kuzilungiselelo kombala, kungaba kokubili imodi othomathikhi futhi mathupha. Lomsebenzi ngokuthi "ibhalansi elimhlophe." Kungcono ukwenza ukulungiswa ngokushesha uma ngokudubula. Ungakwazi usiqondise futhi ifayela lokugcina, kodwa lokhu ngokuvamile kuholela ekulahlekelweni izinga, ukubonisa engalungile imibala, futhi ngezinye izikhathi umsindo zingavela esithombeni. Hlela imibala ngaphandle kokulahleka izinga kungenzeka kuphela uma ifayela silotshwe digital format RAW (Nikon amakhamera - NEF).

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