Izinhlobo umbhalo. Indlela ukuchaza uhlobo umbhalo? Izibonelo umbhalo izinhlobo ngesiRashiya

Sibhekene nezinga lehlukene nsuku zonke: ezinye "call" nathi ukuthenga okuthile (ukukhangisa logungi), abanye ulandise indaba eshukumisayo (letingemaciniso), wesithathu sisebenzisa ukuba idlulisele ukwaziswa ukuze interlocutor yethu (ingxoxo).

Thina ukubona, ukuzwa noma athi inhlanganisela ethile yezincwadi, futhi ngezinye izikhathi musa noma ucabange ukuthi indlela bona ethulwa, yini izinhlobo umbhalo sisebenzisa. Senza lokhu intuitively - ngamafuphi ukukhuluma nabo ebhizinisini, futhi sizivumele ukuba isitsotsi engxoxweni friendly, elinde izincazelo amahle zezincwadi kanye isethulo ecacile ulwazi kusuka yesayensi.

Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi kukhethwa isitayela kungenzeka eyiphutha, okungukuthi, kungahambisani isimo inkulumo. kanjani lokhu? It kuvela ukuthi kukhona isayensi - isitayela, okuyinto ukutadisha isitayela, uhlobo, ukuhluza kanye nencwadi kusiza ukuqonda ngezigaba zabo.

Ake sizame ukuqonda amathuba ekhululekile kombhalo, ukufunda Ukwahlukaniswa izitayela tetemibhalo, futhi ukunquma ngaphansi kwaziphi izimo kufanele bawasebenzisele.

indlela levamile

Lesi sitayela afanelekile kakhulu zokuxhumana ekuphileni kwansuku zonke futhi has uhlamvu yokuxhumana bukhoma phakathi kwabantu ezahlukene isikhundla nomphakathi kanye izinga lemfundo. It ungaboniswa njengendlela yokuthola inkhulumiswano ezazibhalelwe abantu nje abavamile (imilayezo ye-imeyili, ingxoxo, i-imeyili).

Izitayela kanye izinhlobo lombhalo ayatholakala okuxhumana ngayo ekuphileni kwansuku zonke, abanalo imingcele eqinile, ukubekezela yamaphutha, ukuvumela ukwethulwa olunye ulimi, isitsotsi amazwi, izifinyezo, ngisho inhlamba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, e-indlela levamile, usebenzisa khulula kwemagama emshweni.

Isibonelo inkhulumomphendvulwano:

A: Hhayi-ke, druzhban, ukulungele misa?
B: Yebo, ngiye kakade ophahleni isuka lokhu kuminyana ...

Ngenxa yalesi isitayela libhekene Umbala ngokomzwelo, okuyinto kufezwa ngokusebenzisa ihaba, isilwane handling, intukuthelo noma injabulo.

Isibonelo inkhulumomphendvulwano:

A: Hurray!
B: Kwenzekeni, ndodakazi yami?
A: umama, ngathatha indima abaholayo production esikoleni.
B: Hhayi-ke, ingabe kufanele kimi umnichka!

Ngaphezu kwalokho, e isitayela okuxoxa kukhona utibone ahlukahlukene, egcwele zikhawu engxoxweni, futhi izwi-eziwuhlupho, ngezikhathi ezithile enkulumweni okuphindayo.

Isibonelo inkhulumomphendvulwano:

A: Kafushane, ngafika ke ... Savumelana. Kafushane, uqonde!?
B: Awu ..?
A: Futhi-ke, ngamafuphi nje, wayengekho ekhaya.

Zonke izipesheli endaweni indlela levamile ilula futhi icacile. Zenza ukuqhathanisa hhayi obugagu inkulumo enzima.

Isibonelo inkhulumomphendvulwano:

- Coffee kuyoba?
- Wozani!
- Nge ushukela?
- Cha

isitayela yesayensi

Lesi sitayela isetshenziselwa isethulo ecacile ubufakazi besayensi futhi ukhanyisa uhlamvu.

Ngokungafani eyayivame, isitayela yesayensi igcinwe iphuzu ngokomzwelo umbono, kuwo ukulandelana ecacile isethulo. Akakubekezeleli amaphutha namazwi eyayivame.

Njalo Eqinisweni zokubukwa yesayensi ingaphansi isisekelo agumenti nihlola ngokuhlathulula ukusebenza kwawo.

isitayela Scientific has a isakhiwo lelandzisako ecacile:

- isingeniso, elisho theory esithile;
- omningi okuyizinto izimpikiswano okuphikisa;
- Ekugcineni, fingqa wonke amaqiniso.

Lesi sitayela uvezwa uhlobo Monologue kahle okunenjongo kanye nokuxoxisana athathe isimo izingxoxo. Ukuphathwa kwabo bonke abathintekayo ingxoxo ethulwa nomunye ngendlela enenhlonipho.

Isibonelo inkhulumomphendvulwano:

IMP: Lokhu theorem akudingi ubufakazi.
B: Ngiyaxolisa, Dr. Fedorov, kufanele ungavumelani nawe.

Isitayela yesayensi libhekene ukusetshenziswa kwetheminoloji akhethekile amazwi ezingenziwanga asetshenziswe olimini olukhulunywayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba zilethwa amagama avame ukusetshenziswa ezihloselwe ukugcizelela ukulandelana okunomqondo izitatimende: ngaleyo ndlela, kwenta sibonelo, ngekuletsa indlela, njll

Ngokwesibonelo:

ukuziphatha nemikhuba ehlanekezelwe kwamanye abantu ngokuvamile uhlanganiswa engalungile isakhiwo eziza kuqala uchungechunge.

Lesi sitayela esifanelana izinhlobo umbhalo njengoba imibiko, ema-eseyi, izihloko, wabahlinzeki.

isitayela Esemthethweni sebhizinisi

Lesi sitayela izingxoxo ibhizinisi. Imininingwane isethulo indlela kule isitayela is ezilungisiwe zilandele izilinganiso ezithile, njengoba kufakazelwa ukuba khona lokuhlelekile kwetinhlobo letikhetsekile kanye izitembu. Anakho ngokunemba, banganhlanhlatsi, ukungathathi hlangothi lelandzisako.

Uyawubona lo Sitayela singachaza sibuye sibe futhi khona amazwi ekhethekile: ngoba, ngesisekelo, umyalo, uyavuma, ummangali, umqashi, lo muntu ophethe, isenzo, njll

Ngokwesibonelo:

Mayelana ukuhlukumeza ehlelekile yesiyalo wayalelani ukuthi asuse isakhamuzi Ivanova AE kusuka imisebenzi esemthethweni ukuze aqhube izizathu zabo.

Dialogue phakathi kwezinhlangano ngokusemthethweni sebhizinisi ingxoxo iqhutshwa ngendlela enenhlonipho, kungakhathalekile ziqu kanye niche matasa sabaphathi ibhizinisi.

Isibonelo inkhulumomphendvulwano:

A: Marina Petrovna, sicela, asibuyisele ikhofi.
B: Umzuzu nje, Sergey Viktorovich.

isitayela Esemthethweni yombhalo izinhlobo ahlanganisa izinkontileka, iziphakamiso ibhizinisi, iziqondiso, imithetho, izicelo, iziqondiso, ibhizinisi izincwadi, futhi, yebo, inkhulumomphendvulwano ibhizinisi.

isitayela lesibonwa

Ukusebenza kwalesi isitayela is sindise Imininingwane uquqaba, resonance ukukhanya izenzakalo, isimo sezulu esibi, obiza senzo.

Lesi sitayela isetshenziswa ngokuyinhloko abezindaba futhi iyona edidayo kakhulu. Kungase kube khona njengoba ecacile, ukungaguquguquki nokungathathi hlangothi, nangokomzwelo, imibono. imisho elula kungaba enye ne eziyinkimbinkimbi. lelandzisako Indaba ugcwele kakhulu izingathekiso, epithets, ukuqhathanisa, ngokuvamile ungathola emagama labolekiwe, lakhiwa uchungechunge engavamile. Libuye indida ezifanele futhi lapho kungamazwi okubhuqa.

Noma yimuphi imithetho ekwakhiweni kolwazi isethulo izakhiwo kungenzeka ngobugebengu ngenhloso eyodwa eyinhloko - ukuze zidonse ukunaka abafundi noma abalaleli.

Ngokwesibonelo:

Yini eyenza intsha ukuba izenzo ezinjalo eziphikisa? umzali Ezimbi? Ukucindezela kontanga okubi? Lemvelo? Ngicabanga ukuthi inkinga e abakhwabanisi ingqondo.

Izinhlobo imibhalo lesibonwa nezihloko iphephandaba, omagazini, inkulumo-ze izinhlelo, izinkulumo zezombusazwe kanye nezinkulumo-mpikiswano.

art isitayela

Wonke umuntu incwadi yakho oyithandayo. Kuyinto isici izinhlamvu futhi incazelo bezwe lonke obusizungezile, elinemininingwane izigcawu, nokumadanisa izimo, incazelo ukuziphatha, imicabango kanye izwi inkhulumomphendvulwano.

Lena temibhalo.

Ngokwesibonelo:

Wajabula ngakho ukuthi ngeke ngikwazi ukukhuluma. Naye ngokufanayo, wathula.

Fiction alinaso imingcele ecacile futhi iboleka embalini nezinye izitayela. Ibhokisi uhlamvu, indlela levamile lingasetshenziswa, futhi ezinye monologues zichazwe isitayela yesayensi. Kodwa amasu ngokomzwelo-ekhululekile ezinjalo, njengoba epithet, allegory futhi isingathekiso - kuba umbhalo luyingxenye etemibhalo.

Ngokwesibonelo:

Amahlamvu agcwala bargovo-amber imibala ngaphansi imisebe ukuhamba kwelanga.

Iziphakamiso kule isitayela egcwele bomcondvofana kanye nabomcondvophika. Ukuthola eqanjiwe okuthandwayo is alternately nokusebenzisa imisho elula eziyinkimbinkimbi.

Ngokwesibonelo:

Ebangeni elingamakhilomitha ambalwa mina egijima ukuthi lehla ngomgwaqo omkhulu, bese liphenduke epaki futhi liphindelela waqalaza. Engenalutho.

Typology ka tetemibhalo ifomu

Ukwahlukanisa umbhalo uhlobo yenziwa ezindaweni ezintathu: ifomu, okuqukethwe kanye nobudala.

Ngu inhlangano ehloselwe ifomu imisebenzi ebhaliwe nge izakhiwo ezifanayo esisemthethweni.

Kukhona izinhlobo ezilandelayo umbhalo efomini:

1. play - indalo tetemibhalo, eyenzelwe ukusebenza ezigcawugcawu ezinkundleni zemidlalo yaseshashalazini.

2. Indaba - lelandzisako temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba eyodwa noma ngaphezulu izinhlamvu ebiyelwe ngaphakathi Amakhasi amahlanu.

3. Le noveli - umsebenzi wokuhlekwa isikali amaqhawe, ngilandisa ekushintsheni isimo sengqondo iqhawe, zokunqoba isikhathi esibucayi futhi ukuvuselelwa ngokomoya. Kumele kube khona okukodwa samanje noma ngaphezulu protagonists (umlingisi losemcoka, ukulwela, ukulungela inhloso ethize) kanye omelene (uhlamvu, kuphazamise ekuzuzweni kwemiPhumela umgomo oyinhloko protagonist). Umthamo umkhiqizo ziyahlukahluka kusuka Amakhasi 200 ukuba imiqulu eminingi.

4. Tale - isiphambano phakathi indaba futhi inoveli. Kusekelwe ukulandisa izenzakalo futhi izenzakalo ekuphileni protagonist.

5. Indzaba - omuhle wobuciko ukuthi ayiqukethe ingxabano.
Kukhona futhi ezinye izinhlobo izinhlobo umbhalo kulesi sigaba (amaqhawe indaba, i ODE), kodwa kulesi sigaba of elikhulu ekuthuthukiseni imibhalo, lokho akusho ukuthi njengoba othandwayo izinhlobo ngenhla.

Okuqukethwe okufakiwe izinhlobo

Izinhlobo umbhalo ngolimi Russian futhi kungenziwa labizwa nokuqukethwe:

1. Comedy - umkhiqizo nge olwalusikisela eqinile ezihlekisayo noma satirical.

Izibonelo: "Maye kusukela Wit", "Ukudambisa of the Shrew," "Umhloli," "Ofiselekayo Umyeni".

2. Usizi - indaba yalolu hlobo umkhiqizo yakhiwe kuchungechunge izenzakalo nakanjani kuyoholela isiphetho esibuhlungu.

Izibonelo: "Hamlet," "Romeo and Juliet", "Mu-mu".

3. Drama - imikhiqizo ngokusekelwe kulolu hlobo nokuxhumana womuntu kuyinkinga emphakathini, imvelo kanye ne uqobo.

Izibonelo "Green Mile", "Life etsheleka", "Wuthering".

Izinhlobo umbhalo ngolimi Russian: Ukwahlukaniswa uhlobo lwe

Kulesi sigaba lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo tematheksthi ngalokungenamaphutsa:

1. Epic - imisebenzi welulela ngesikhathi, sebuningini ayegcwele main nasizayo izinhlamvu, nezenzakalo nemizwelo. Indaba watshela ngokuyinhloko ebusweni ingqapheli ethile engachemi, futhi uvezwa uhlobo izinkumbulo kwenzeka.

2. esihlatshelelwayo - temibhalo, nakho ocebile sezinzwa nemicabango kombhali siqu.

3. Epos lyric - uhlobo elihlangene, ugxile izici Epic nezinhlobo lyric.

4. Drama ukwakhiwa phezu uhlobano phakathi izinhlamvu ngokwabo. Sachaza ikakhulukazi ngesimo inkhulumomphendvulwano amanothi achazayo lembhali.

Indlela ukuchaza uhlobo umbhalo: amanye amathiphu

Ukuze anikeze Ukwahlukaniswa umkhiqizo othize, kubalulekile ukuba ningabi nje kuphela wayimboza emashalofini, ukubala inani Amakhasi futhi ukuhlola ngokomzwelo, kodwa futhi ukuqonda imibono yombhali, ukuqonda ukuziphatha izinhlamvu lasuselwa zokuziphatha ebhaliwe.

Yimiphi imizwa uke wabhekana ngokufunda ekudalweni etemibhalo? Wawungeke ukusiza kodwa ukuhleka? Cishe, funda umkhiqizo kwakungandile uhlamvu amahlaya. Awukwazi uzibambe izinyembezi ngenxa nokufa ngokungalindelekile kwesihlobo iqhawe othandekayo? Wake wafunda le nhlekelele. Ubudlelwano obuphakathi izinhlamvu namanje ikugcine izinzwane zakho? Manje, ukuthi ujwayelene uhlobo - idrama.

Big kangakanani umsebenzi wakho? Mhlawumbe kungenxa amakhasi ambalwa umbhalo, indaba yabanye Isenzakalo esenzeka ekuphileni yohlamvu. Lena indaba. Noma ingabe kudalwa enomthamo omningi nge eziningi balingisi kanye nesakhiwo sendzaba eyinkimbinkimbi. Kulokhu sikhuluma noveli.

Njengoba ebhalwe umbhalo: ezomile futhi ngokungakhethi, noma, kunalokho, ngokucacile nangokomzwelo? Esimweni sokuqala, umkhiqizo lingachazwa ngokuthi amaqhawe, okwesibili - njengoba isosha esihlatshelelwayo.

Faka kusigaba imibhalo izinhlobo ezahlukene akunzima kangako, kwanele ukuba baqonde ukuthi asho ukuthini.