Izintaba ukuphakama isilinganiso nezibonelo. izintaba ngezigaba

Izintaba zihlukile: abasha nabadala, ezinamadwala flat, kupolopodobnymi futhi Ezicijile. Ezinye zazo zihlanganiswe nge aminyene, kuyilapho abanye - ezingaphili placers itshe. Kodwa kulesi sihloko sizoxoxa kwawo. Yini ezintabeni, futhi ngokwesilinganiso, okuyinto abhekwa okusezingeni eliphezulu?

Khweza njengoba ifomu wokukhululeka

Okokuqala kubalulekile ukuphendula umbuzo yini entabeni. Lokhu kungolunye uhlobo omuhle wokukhululeka, elinesimo abukhali nezihlukene ephakamisa ndawo. Ngo phi hlungu ngokucacile kuyofikwa izakhi ezintathu eziyinhloko:

• isihloko;
• sezinyawo;
• emthambekeni.

Noma yiluphi uhlelo entabeni le planethi - lutho kodwa kwakha isimiso esiyinkimbinkimbi lezigodi (emikhombeni) emikhulu, ehlanganisa eziningi vertices ngabanye. Bonke zenzo ziwukubonakaliswa sangaphandle yangaphakathi (endogenous) amabutho Zomhlaba - zomhlaba crustal ukunyakaza kanye mlilo.

Izintaba ukudala phezu namathafa amahle kakhulu futhi eyingqayizivele kule planethi yethu. Basuke izimpawu uhlobo ikhava inhlabathi, izimila ezingavamile ezilwaneni nasezimileni. Kodwa abantu bazohlala ezintabeni bayanqikaza kakhulu. Ngokwezibalo, mayelana 50% labantu emhlabeni uhlala endaweni engamamitha esingeqile 200 amamitha ngaphezu kolwandle.

izintaba Ukwahlukanisa e geomorphology. Intaba Ngokwesilinganiso, ongaphakeme futhi high

Isayensi geomorphological zokuhlukanisa izintaba eziningi ngezizathu :. Ubudala, ukuphakama, indawo, nesisekelo, ngesimo eziqongweni, njll ..

Ngokusho imvelaphi yabo bangase babe zomhlaba, mlilo kanye denudation sokutholakala - omncane noma omdala. Futhi akuyona uhlelo eyodwa entabeni, ukwakheka okuyinto eminyakeni engaphansi kwengu-50 million. Ngamagama Geological iminyaka elincane kakhulu.

Ukuma onesiqongo sentaba yilezi:

• wakhomba;
• Dome;
• Ithafa-like ( "Uhlu").

Ukuphakama ngaphezu kogu lolwandle, zokuma kwendawo ukuhlukanisa entabeni:

• ongaphakeme;
• naphakathi;
• eliphezulu.

Ngezinye izikhathi izincwadi zingatholakala futhi Lesisemkhatsini izinhlobo eliphezulu liphumele, ezifana izintaba aphansi phakathi noma naphakathi okusezingeni eliphezulu. Ngokushesha kuyafaneleka ukuthi ezintabeni ukuphakama isilinganiso zingatholakala kunoma iyiphi ingxenye yaleli zwe. Nokho, iningi labo eYurophu nase-Asia.

Ephakathi Intaba: izibonelo nobude

8848 amamitha - uphawu safinyelela intaba ephakeme kunazo zonke emhlabeni - Qomolangma, noma Everest. Ukuphakama eliphelele ezintabeni naphakathi onesizotha okuningi: kusuka 1 kuya ku-3 km ngaphezu kogu lolwandle.

Izibonelo edume kunazo ezifana izintaba - lena Carpathians, le Appalachian Izintaba, Tatras, Apennines, izintaba zasePyrenees, eScandinavia futhi Zokhahlamba, izintaba zase-Alps zase-Australia, i-Stara Planina. Kukhona ezintabeni eMelika Ephakathi ngaphakathi Russia. Lawa -Ural, Eastern Sayan, Kuznetsk Alatau, Sikhote-Alin (ngezansi) kanye nabanye.

Isici esibalulekile salo ezintabeni naphakathi - ukuba khona altitudinal esishintshashintshayo. Okungukuthi, abangabantwana izimila landscape siyashintsha nge ukuphakama.

Carpathians

Carpathians - kwekulu ngobukhulu European uhlelo entabeni esehlanganise amazwe ayisishiyagalombili. Izazi zolimi, zichaza imvelaphi igama layo, wafinyelela esiphethweni sokuthi leli gama endaweni elisuka Indo-European futhi uhumusha ngokuthi "itshe", "idwala" nakutjhugululwako.

Carpathians yokwelula i arc nengxenye amakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane kusukela Czech Republic eSerbia. Futhi iphuzu esiphezulu lezi zintaba iseningizimu ensimini ka-Slovakia (entabeni, Gerlachovský Peak, 2654 m). A qiniso eliyimpicabadala: phakathi ezintabeni zase-Alps iqhubezela esempumalanga Carpathians - amakhilomitha 15 kuphela.

Karpaty - ezintabeni abasha. Bona Kwakhiwa Cenozoic. Nokho, zezinkulumo yabo iyashelela futhi emnene, leso sici iningi labadala izakhiwo umonakalo omkhulu kakhulu. Lokhu zingachazwa ngezinqubo yokuthi Carpaty advantageously embondelene rocks ezithambile (wokulinganisa, limestone, nobumba).

Intaba Uhlelo yizinqamu ezintathu okunemibandela: Western, Eastern (noma Ukraine) kanye Southern Carpathians. Futhi e ngezithako zawo zihlanganisa Transylvanian Plateau. ZaseCarpathos kuhluke seismicity kahle eliphezulu. Nansi indawo okuthiwa Vrancea, okuyinto "ukhiqiza" nokuzamazama komhlaba 7-8 amaphuzu.

Appalachians

Geomorphology evame ukubizwa ngokuthi Appalachians twin ezifanayo we Carpathians. Ngokubukeka abazi kuhluke kakhulu komunye nomunye. Appalachian Izintaba zitholakala abasengxenyeni esempumalanga enkulu yeNyakatho Melika, ngaphakathi emazweni amabili (US nase-Canada). Bona usuke Gulf of St. Lawrence ukuze eGulf of Mexico eningizimu. Ubude ingqikithi zokhahlamba - mayelana 2.500 amakhilomitha.

Uma Carpathians European - ezintabeni usemncane, American Appalachians - umkhiqizo Hercynian ngaphambili futhi orogeny Caledonian. Bona kwamiswa iminyaka eyizigidi ezingu-200-400 edlule.

Appalachian Izintaba abacebile imithombo ehlukahlukene amaminerali. Nansi ocebile ngethusi, asbestos, petroleum, itshe-nsimbi. Kule ndaba, lesi sifunda sezintaba futhi ivame ukubizwa ngokuthi zomlando "Leli bhande ezimbonini" US.

Australian Alps

It kuvela ukuthi Alps akuzona kuphela e-Europe. Izakhamuzi zaleli zwekazi encane kunazo zonke futhi driest, kakhulu, ungaya izintaba e-Alps yangempela. Kodwa kuphela Australian!

Lokhu zokhahlamba Itholakala engxenyeni eseningizimu yaleli zwekazi. Lapha kulapho indawo ephakeme lonke Australia - Mount Kosciuszko (2228 m). Futhi emithambekeni lezi zintaba umsuka zonke nomfula omude kunayo zaleli zwekazi - the Murray.

Alps zase-Australia ahluke ngendlela emangalisayo landscape imigomo. Kulezi ezintabeni ungathola neziqongo ezembethe iqhwa-eneziqongo nezigodi ezijulile oluhlaza, nasemachibini amanzi ecacile. Emaceleni ale ntaba ahlotshiswe ezihlotshisiwe ngokubukeka amatshe. I-Alps zase-Australia eziningana ebabazekayo zokulondolozwa futhi omuhle kakhulu ski resort.

Ekuphetheni

Manje ngoba sewuyazi ukuthi lokho entabeni Ngokwesilinganiso, futhi yini - ziphezulu. Geomorphology Zintathu izinhlobo entabeni ukuphakama izinhlelo. izintaba okulingene abe ukuphakama kusuka ngamamitha 1000 kuya ku-3000 ngaphezu kolwandle. ZaseCarpathos, le Appalachian Izintaba, Australian Alps - lena izibonelo yesiteleka kakhulu ezifana izintaba emhlabeni.