Izinyoni ukundiza. Uhlu izinyoni ukundiza

Izinyoni ukuthi ayikwazi ukundiza, ziqondakala njengabangaqondakali, njengezilwane, ukuhamba, inhlanzi noma okungezona ababhukudayo. Kungani kulokhu, kudingeka amaphiko lezi zidalwa, uma bengakwazi ukuthola kwabo emoyeni? Nokho, kule planethi yethu, kukhona amaqembu yonke izidalwa ezinjalo. Abanye bahlala e-savannah ohangulayo Afrika, enye - ogwini ezineqhwa Antarctica, futhi eyesithathu - eziqhingini New Zealand.

Isandulelo

Uma siqhathanisa zonke zezinyoni ezikhona kule planethi yethu, izinyoni ukundiza kutsatsa amancane uma eqhathaniswa naso emaflaya. Kungani becabanga kanjalo? Into wukuthi ikhono fly kubasiza ukuba siqhubeke siphila kuleli zwe yasendle. Wings hhayi kuphela ukugcina izinyoni kusuka ezizingelayo, kodwa ibuye inikeze ithuba ukukhiqiza ukudla kwazo. Ngakho, zifuna ababezoba izinyoni ukudla labo abazokwazi ekunqobeni amabanga amade, futhi kulula kakhulu ngaphezu behla benyuka emhlabeni wonke befuna ukudla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, emaflaya kungaba akha izidleke zawo imfundo wenzalo ezingeni ukuphakama eside, abakha amaphuphu ngeke bakwazi ukufinyelela esiyingozi. It kuvela ukuthi izinyoni ingandiza, okulula kakhulu ukulinakekela ukuphila ezweni ononya ngaphansi kwegama "izilwane zasendle". Leli khono kubasizile nabo ukuba babe isigaba sesibili ngobukhulu yezilwane ezinomgogodla. Ngokwesibonelo, i-akhawunti nabacwaningi ngoba 8.500 zinhlobo ezahlukene zezinyoni, ezincelisayo, kodwa zinhlobo 4,000 kuphela. Uma indiza iwukuba izinyoni is indlela ebalulekile ukuze umuntu asinde, kungani ezinye zazo esingenayo leli khono? Njengoba ingashintshwa ukuze sisinde izinyoni ukundiza? Izibonelo sizoxoxa ngezansi. Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi lezi zinyoni ekuseni ukwazi kakhulu ukundiza, kodwa ngokuhamba kwemvelo ziye laphela lelo khono. Nokho, ake ucabange ukuthi yini ehilelekile izidalwa ezingaziwa.

izinyoni Flightless: ohlwini

1. Pingvinoobraznye. Lezi zidalwa kukhona ingxenye enkulu yezimpilo zabo emanzini. Ngenxa kwemvelo wamaphiko azo Ushintshe bese eyama amaphiko, ngenxa okuyinto baye baba ababhukudi kakhulu.
2. Ratite. Intshe - iyona enkulu kunazo zonke ezindizayo inyoni. Kuyinto enzima kakhulu ukundiza. Ukuze phakamisa emoyeni omningi kuthatha olunamaphiko amakhulu, ngokulandelana, kanti nemisipha iphiko kumele kube ejokeni, aliqinise nakakhulu futhi uqina.
3. Nanduobraznye. Lokubiza airfoil iphiko kanye nosayizi umzimba kwalezi zinyoni kwalokho kushaywa ngisho olubanzi amaphiko ngeke uyiphakamise emoyeni.
4. Casuariiformes. Ngokuvamile lokhu kuhlanganiswa nama-ratite lamabutho. Kuhlanganisa imindeni emibili: Emu futhi Kazuarovye.
5. Kiviobraznye. Kiwis kukhona ukundiza ratites. isisindo wabo 3-3.5 kg, futhi ubude -. 50-80 cm kwesembozo umzimba ukudala hairlike izimpaphe.
6. Kungafinyeleleki Isiqhingi Rail. It kungokwalabo oda gruiformes. Kuyinto ilungu owesincane izinyoni ukundiza. Kukala 13-15 cm, kanye nesisindo - kuphela 37-40 sohlobo wathi Kuvela kwesinye seziqhingi Tristan da Cunha.
7. Kakapo upholi. Enye igama - upholi isikhova. Lona impela omele esikhulu ezingavamile kwezinhlobo itholakala emahlathini emvula South Island eNew Zealand.

izinyoni Flightless: penguins

Lezi zidalwa kukhona ababhukudi esihle kanye abatshuzi. Zitholakala kuphela Nenkabazwe eningizimu kule planethi yethu. Iningi lazo ukuphila e-Antarctica, kodwa ezinye izinhlobo zawo angaphila e isimo sezulu sifudumele noma emvula. Abanye abameleli pingvinoobraznyh kwenziwe amanzi angafika ku-75% ezimpilweni zabo. Lezi zinyoni ukundiza ungahlala ngaphansi kwamanzi ngenxa amathambo esindayo futhi kanzima, okuyinto abakhonza njengezinto zokulinganisa isisindo, njengebhande eliboshwe esikhulu diver. penguin amaphiko ziye zashintsha phakathi emaphikweni. Asiza ukulawula ukunyakaza ku-medium aqueous ijubane angu-15 / ihora. Lezi zinyoni unomzimba umumo ovikelekile sifana izinyawo gwedla, libe ungqimba olubamba ukushisa fat nezimpaphe amanzi. Lezi izindawo uvumele penguin ukuzizwa ekhululekile ngisho amanzi ice. Ukuze ufudumale, banalo kanzima kakhulu futhi eduze kakhulu izimpaphe esilinganayo ezinikeza ungangenisi amanzi. Esinye isici evumela ukuthi ephila endle, kuyinto imibala abamhlophe nabansundu eziyingqayizivele izinyoni wahlola. Kwenza penguin engabonakali izilwane eziyingozi ngezansi bese kusuka ngenhla. Lezi zinyoni bahlala amakoloni, ukufinyelela ubukhulu abantu abayizinkulungwane ezimbalwa. Penguins kuyizinto eziningi kunazo abameleli "neletunov". Ngokwesibonelo, ugu lwase-Antarctic evakashela ngonyaka ngo-ezingu-24 alezi zilwanyana.

ratite

izintshe Afrika - kuba izinyoni ngobukhulu eplanethini yethu. Ukwanda kwazo bengase bazikhandlele 2,7 ububanzi, kanye nesisindo - 160 kg. Lezi zinyoni ukundiza udle utshani, amahlumela nezihlahla, musa bangafuni izinambuzane futhi ezilwaneni ezinomgogodla ezinamehlo amancane. Emvelweni, kubhekwe ukudalwa bukhoma ngamaqembu amancane - omunye owesilisa nabesifazane eziningana. Izintshe abe namehlo abukhali kakhulu futhi ukuzwa kakhulu. Ziyakwazi abagijimi kakhulu. Uma kwenzeka ingozi, intshe akwazi ukuxoxa ngesivinini kufika ku-70 km / h. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyinto fighter kakhulu, ngezidladla yakhe didactylism - isikhali sina. Uzenzela: phezu isentimitha ingenye yezindlela umzimba lapho ukukhahlela le nyoni kuziwa phakathi force 50 kg. Ngaphezu ngejubane enhle kakhulu yokulwa izimfanelo, intshe ikhono ezahlukene ukuze kungabonakali bona kahle. Uma kwenzeka ingozi, umuntu ulala phansi, ngazo entanyeni ikhanda emhlabathini, ngenxa kunzima ukuhlukanisa kusukela esihlahleni abavamile. Njengoba ubona, ummeleli "neletunov" ingashintshwa ngokuphelele okusinda endle.

Nanduobraznye

Lezi zinyoni ukundiza zivamile e eNingizimu neMelika: Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia, Uruguay futhi Paraguay. Abahlala Pampas (ezivulekile, Prairies), embozwe utshani nezihlahla. Umuntu omdala ifinyelela ubude 140 cm, isisindo sayo - 20-25 kg. Ukubukeka nasendleleni yabo yokuphila sifana Rhea nentshe, kodwa ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi kuyinto zinhlobo ezahlukene ngokuphelele. Emvelweni, idatha inyoni bahlala ngamaqembu abantu angu-30. Uma kwenzeka ingozi omdala Rhea ongafinyelela ngesivinini-60 km / h. Phakathi izinto ezidla izinambuzane kungaba abadlala abadala - jaguar ne Pumas. Kodwa abasha abahlaselwa umhlambi wezinja zasendle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njenganoma armadillos ukubhubhisa izidleke zalezi zinyoni.

casuariiformes

Lezi zinyoni ukundiza Ziningi enibaziyo izintshe, kodwa umehluko omkhulu yilona isidladla tridactyl. Atholakala Australia neNew Guinea. Kulesi squad imindeni emibili nje: Emu futhi Kazuarovye. Kwakamuva ukufinyelela 170 cm ubude, isisindo yabo 80 kg. Basuke izimpawu singatsheki onomfutho uqhwaku nophondo "nesigqoko 'ekhanda. Ngokungafani izintshe futhi Rhea, ukuhlelwa kwesikhala sezinhlamvu kungcono ukuhlala esinindolweni ihlathi. Bona idla bawa izihlahla zezithelo nezilwane ezincane. Ezinye izindaba zika-amalungu kule yunithi zifana izihlobo zabo - lezintshe.

Kiviobraznye

Abamele le zinhlobo ebusuku bahlala zamahlathi eNew Zealand. Esikhathini ukufihla emini ikiwi otshanini kanye emahlozini aminyene ehlathini, ebusuku zizule ziyofuna ukudla, okuyizinto ngenxa umuzwa kahle isakhula ukuba iphunga. Zidla on izimpethu, kanye nezinye ezingenamgogodla, okuyinto wakhipha kwenhlabathi olumanzi. With uqhwaku eside zalezi zinyoni hhayi kuphela lapho zifuna ukudla, kodwa benza indentations elincane iqabunga udoti, okuyinto bacashe.

Kungafinyeleleki Isiqhingi Rail

Kuyinto kulencane kakhulu ukundiza inyoni emhlabeni. Manje lolu hlobo iyagcinwa kuphela esiqhingini non-lobugebengu (usekhululekile esuka kubantu nasezilwaneni eziyingozi) leziqhingi of Tristan da Cunha. Ngaphambili, lezi zinyoni eziningi zonke eziqhingini ezizungezile, kodwa indoda amazwe amakati omhlophe baye phansi ngokuphelele kubo lolu hlobo. Cowherd ukhetha ezivulekile kanye Fern zamahlathi. It udla amabhu, nemisundu eminingi, imbewu kanye amajikijolo.

upholi kakapo

Le nyoni lubalwa ezisengozini. Akakwazi ukundiza, kodwa ungakwazi ukuhlela nge isikhundla ephakeme emhlabathini. Nakuba kunezinkolo ephezulu grade iphiko, kakapo has imisipha ebuthaka futhi bone esindayo ngaphandle komoya emaphaketheni. Le nyoni ebusuku futhi udla amaqabunga Izinhlobo wona, izithelo kanye amakhowe.

Ezingasekho ukundiza izinyoni

Isenzakalo esidume kunazo zonke namuhla yokuqothulwa "neletunami" kukhona Auk Mikhulu inyoni kaDodo. Eyokuqala kungokwalabo auks umndeni. yayo obuphelele ndikimba 70 cm. Amaphiko zisezincane kakhulu, kodwa kahle egwedla emanzini. Le nyoni iye nya ekhulwini le-19. KaDodo noma kaDodo Mauritian - kuyinto yokuqothulwa ukundiza inyoni ayakhe esiqhingini Mauritius e-Indian Ocean. Kuye ancamuka okumhlophe indoda futhi importations amakati ngesikhathi ukunwetshwa ezweni.

isiphetho

Ngakho sabuka kanjani ukuzivumelanisa ephila endle ukundiza izinyoni. Zibhaleni phansi njengoba ubona, isimiso, ahlukahlukene ngempela. Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi "neletuny" saqala ukuvela eziqhingini ngenxa yokuthi ukudla lapho ziyinsada, ngaphandle uma ibona izilwane eziyingozi lingekho ngokuphelele. Kwaba Cishe lokhu kuchaza ukuthi kulezi izimo kuyafana abantu lokusinda kusukela amaphiko athuthukiswe futhi ampofu, noma nhlobo ngaphandle kwabo.