Izithasiselo ze-antifreeze emanzini okwakha. Izinhlobo, ukusetshenziswa, isicelo

Ngokungangabazeki, kunzima ukuhlanganyela ekwakheni ebusika kunasehlobo. Ngokuvamile, izimo zezulu azihlangene kakhulu nomsebenzi wekhwalithi. Ngokujwayelekile, ama-fronts asebenzayo asebenzayo aqhubeka nokusebenza emaqanda amaqhwa, noma amakhosi afisa ukuthuthela emakhaya abo ngokushesha. Usizo olubaluleke kakhulu kulabo kanye nabanye luyoba izithasiselo ezikhethekile zokuzibulala. Ukusetshenziswa kwalezi zinsuku kuvimbela ukuqina kanzima kwesimiso.

Iyini isithasiselo sokuvikela isikhalazo esixazululweni?

Njengomthetho, ngokunciphisa okukhulu ekushiseni okuzungezile, abakhi baqala ukubhekana nobunzima obengeziwe ngenkathi basebenza ngokukhonkolo nazo zonke izinhlobo zezixazululo. Konke ngoba izingoma ezisuselwe kumasimende azikwazi ukuma isithwathwa. Ngakho, ekushiseni kwe--5 ^oC , kubonakala sengathi izixazululo zekhwalithi ziyeke ukuzuza amandla.

Eminyakeni yamuva nje, amakhosi ayesebenzisa izithasiselo zokungasebenzi ezikwazi ukumelana nokudonsa okushisa kuya ku-35 ° C noma ngaphezulu. Izingqikithi ezikhethekile zemithi yamasheya ziqukethe amakhemikhali awo izingxenye ezisebenzayo ezinciphisa iphuzu lokuqhwa kwamanzi. Ngenxa yalokho, ukhonkolo ukhonkolo embukisweni, ngisho nasebandleni elibandayo.

Inkinga yenhlangano yezitini emaqhwa

Lapho wenza ukwakhiwa ngesikhathi sasebusika, kuba yinkinga enkulu ukuhlinzeka izakhiwo ngamandla adingekayo. Lapho izinga lokushisa liwela ngaphansi kwe-zero, uketshezi olusesixazululweni luyakhanya. Ngakho-ke, inqubo yokwakhiwa kwemeti ipheka.

Lapho izinga lokushisa lomoya likhuphuka, iqhwa elingaphakathi kwendawo yokugcoba kanye nendawo ebusweni iqala ukuqubuka, okubangela ukuthi kunciphise ukunamathela kwesisombululo. Omunye umthelela omubi ukwakhiwa kwemigodi encane ekwakheni ukhonkolo, okungaholela ekubhujisweni ngokushesha kwezindonga kanye nokufakela.

Izici zokulungiselela isisombululo

Naphezu kwezimo ezinzima zokusebenza, izitini ezibekwe ebusika angeke zibe nekhwalithi encane kunesikhathi esifudumele sonyaka. Kodwa-ke, ukuze uthole umphumela olindelekile, kubalulekile ukulungisa isisombululo esikhethekile, okumele sibe nezithasiselo ze-antifreeze.

Ukulungiselela ukuhlanganiswa kokwakhiwa, udinga ukunakekela ukuphepha kwakho. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi cishe zonke izithasiselo ze-antifreeze zihluka ngokubunjwa ngesisekelo samakhemikhali anesifo esingaba nomonakalo empilweni. Ngakho-ke, ngenkathi kulungiswa ukhonkolo kubalulekile ukusebenza emagalavu, amasigobhu, amabhuthri enjoloba futhi, uma kungenzeka, ngama-overalls.

Ngenxa yalesi sizathu esingenhla, izingxube zokwakha eziqukethe izinto ezinobuthi azikhuthazwa ekwakhiweni kwezisekelo futhi zinezindonga zezakhiwo. Izithasiselo zokugcoba ezakhiweni zokuvotela azivunyelwe ukusetshenziselwa ukwenza umsebenzi ngaphakathi kwendawo yokuhlala.

Izinhlobo zezingxube ze-antifreeze

Ukuze uqinise izinga elanele lamandla ngaphambi kokuba uketshezi lwamafutha ludlulele, ochwepheshe basebenzisa izithasiselo ezilandelayo ze-antifreeze emanzini:

• Potash (potassium carbonate).
• Ifomu le-sodium.
• I-chloride ye-sodium.
• I-nitrite ye-sodium (i-nitride ye-sodium).
• I-chloride ye-potassium.

Ukuze usebenze ezimweni zokunciphisa izinga lokushisa elincane -15 ^о С, isixazululo esihle kakhulu sizosetshenziswa izithasiselo zokufakelwa i-antifreeze ngesimo se-nitrite nesimo sodium.

Ngokupholisa okungathí sina okungaphezulu -30 ° C, kuphakanyiswa ukusebenzisa i-potash. Inzuzo yalesi sixazululo ukuvikela ukubola kwesimo lapho kulungiswa khona phansi. Ukusebenzisa i-potash nakho kusiza ukuvimbela ukubonakala kwezinga eliphezulu kwisisombululo esiqinisiwe. Mayelana nezithasiselo ze-chlorine, lezi zinsuku aziphuzi ukubhujiswa kokuqinisa izingxenye zezakhiwo zokwakha.

Ukufakelwa kwe-Antifreeze: ukusetshenziswa

Lapho wenza izingqungquthela zezitini, kubalulekile ukugcina izilinganiso ezidingekayo. Bathembele, okokuqala, ekushiseni kwemvelo.

Ake sicabangele izilinganiso ezilinganiselwe, ezijwayelekile ekusetshenzisweni kwe-"antitifreeze" ethandwa kakhulu, etafuleni. Kubonisa ukusetshenziswa kwezithasiselo ezincibilikisayo njengephesenti yobuningi bamasenti.

Amaplastiki

Ukufakelwa kwesifiso se-antifreeze kusixazululo singashintshwa ngamaplasticizers akhethekile, okwandisa ukuqina komklamo wokwakha nokunciphisa isidingo sokusetshenziswa ketshezi. Ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwalezi zinsuku ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ekubunjweni okunamathelisiwe, cishe akukho zinguquko ezenzekayo. Ngakho, isixazululo sinesikhathi sokuqonda ngisho neqhwa elikhulu.

Ngaphandle kokwenziwa kwemikhumbi, kungenzeka ukuthi usebenzise okokufaka okuncibilika kwe-antifreeze yeglue, ukulungiselela izingxube zokufaka phansi kwezinga lokuzigoba, ngenkathi wenza imisebenzi yekhonkrithi. Izinto zokugaya iziphuzo zixubaniswa nesilinganiso esincane samanzi. Okuqukethwe kwabo kusixazululo kungu-5% wesisindo samamenti. Ukuqapha kwalesi silinganiso kwanele ukwenza ubumbano obunokwethenjelwa ezimweni zokushisa okuphansi.

Yini okudingeka ukwazi mayelana nokusebenza komsebenzi wobunikazi ebusika?

Ukuze ungadumali emiphumeleni yemisebenzi yokwakha eyenziwa ngezinga lokushisa lomoya elimnandi, kwanele ukunaka izincomo ezilandelayo:

1. Ukudayiswa akuvunyelwe ukusebenzisa izinto zokwakha ezihlanganiswe neqhwa, iqhwa noma iqhwa.
2. Zonke izingxenye zesisombululo sesikhathi esizayo, kufaka phakathi izithasiselo ze-antifreeze nama-plastifier, kufanele zigcinwe ekamelweni elomile, elinesentimo ekamelweni lokushisa.
3. Kungakhathaliseki ukwakhiwa kwesisombululo kanye nezimo zokushisa, kunconywa ukuthi ukukhwabanisa kwenziwe ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ebusika. Ukungabi nokuziqhenya kwenza izinto ziqonde ngokushesha.
4. Ukuya ekhefu, imigqa yokugubha kufanele ihlanganiswe nefilimu ye-polyethylene noma enye into efanelekayo efanelekayo indima yokufaka isikhashana esisebenzayo.
5. Njengesizathu sokulungiselela isixazululo, kufanelekile ukusebenzisa isamente ebangeni elingelona liphansi kune-M-50. Ukuxuba izingxenye ngisho noma kwenzeka "ukugcoba" kufanele kwenziwe ekamelweni elifudumele.
6. Uma kudingekile ukuthi basebenze emazingeni aphansi okushisa, kufanele banikezwe izinketho zokuthenga izixazululo ezenziwe ngomumo, lapho izidakamizwa ezenziwe nge-antifreeze zengeziwe ngokulingana okuhle ngisho nasesiteji sokukhiqiza.

Ekugcineni,

Uma wenza umsebenzi wokwakha ebusika, into esemqoka ukukhumbula ukufaka izithasiselo ezikhethekile ze-antifreeze kwisixazululo. Kodwa-ke, ukungeniswa kwe-"antifreeze" ekubunjeni kwe-samente kubonakala kufanelekile kuphela ekunciphiseni izinga lokushisa elingu -5 ^о С.

Ngesikhathi sokulungiswa kwesisombululo, akusilo neze Kunconywa ukuthi usebenzise izithasiselo ezindala zokulondoloza i-antifreeze ezinomlando wokungabaza. Uma kungenjalo, kuzodingeka ukhokhele ukwakheka kwemithamo eminingi kanye ne-efflorescence ebusweni bezakhiwo.