Izitini Lungile laying ebusika: ubuchwepheshe okumele ilandelwe

Ngezinye izikhathi, ukwakhiwa ikhaya imisiwe ukuze uyeza abandayo. Noma, lapho ufuna ukwakha isakhiwo njengamanje, kunokuba ulinde kuze ehlobo. Kodwa usimende at zero lokushisa iyeke lukhuni kanye kwenziwa bricklaying ebusika okushisa sub-zero?

Kungani akulona yiqhwa isixazululo

Lapho isimo sezulu kubanda, ke ngokuyisisekelo siyehla lukhuni isixazululo. Lapho izinga lokushisa lehla kuqanda, ngokuvamile inqubo sithule. Yonke le ngxube uhlukana esihlabathini, usimende noma enye binders. A ukwahlukanisa kunodonga phakathi kwabo - ke amanzi isibe ice. Cishe le ndlela yokusabela kuholela yokuthi usimende kungekho plasticity, ngenxa lapho ezivuzayo ovundlile kungukuthi uphawu ngokuphelele.

Usimende zingayisongela incibilikiswa

Lapho usuku incibilikiswa kwenzeka ngaphansi isenzo kokukhanya kwelanga, izindonga uqale ecasulwa ice is iguqulwe futhi ibe amanzi. Into embi kakhulu wukuthi lokhu bricklaying ebusika unika ukuncipha engalingani. Ngenxa yalokho, imiklamo ulahlekelwe ukuzinza kanye namandla.

Ezimweni ezinjalo, lapho bamba buhlangene ke incibilikiswa, kufanele kuthathe izinsuku 28 ukuze ubambe konke. Khona-ke, ikhambi kuba nengxenye enamandla kuphela, ezamenyezelwa nomkhiqizi ubulukhuni bayo. Futhi kunjalo, uma namanje nethuba iqhwa elisenyameni, kodwa hhayi lapho ubusuku nemini abandayo. Ngenxa yalezi zizathu, ke yasungulwa izixazululo ezingaba, futhi ngaphansi kwamazinga okushisa aphansi ukuze alondoloze amandla wokwakha, wamemezela ngumkhiqizi.

wokwakha Izindlela ebusika

Ukuze bricklaying ebusika babuqinile, zikhona izindlela eziningana ukuze wenze lokhu:

• ingezwe ku-isixazululo izingxenye emelana nokubanda enhlanzini yasezindaweni;
• bafudumale electric;
• ukudala Tepljakov.

abakhi abangochwepheshe isicelo wokwakha izitini ebusika, Nokho, kufanele kuhlelwe iphrojekthi ekuqaleni. Khona-ke konke kubalwa kahle, inqubo zingalawulwa futhi wenza imiphumela emihle kungenzeka. Izitini wathelisa isixazululo eshubile. Kodwa nokho angizange isikhathi ukumisa, ubizwa yokuthola amandla. Ngemva kwalokho, yonke into eqandisiwe futhi incibilikiswa, Uqinisa futhi, njalo njalo. Lezi zinqubo futhi ulindele ukubikezela umphumela wokugcina.

Izinhlobo Izingxube ezisetshenziswa ebusika

Ubuchwepheshe bricklaying ebusika inikeza ikhambi:

• usimende;
• lime kanye usimende;
• ubumba-usimende;
• isixazululo lalisetshenziselwa, lapho base - lime ngokushesha.

Ngokusekelwe izimo zezulu, ikhambi kunqunywa brand. Uma ungenalo acabangele lokushisa zezulu, ingxube esithathwayo, okuyinto oda ezimbili ezidlula ephakeme kunaleyo ukuthi yenzelwe ukusetshenziswa ehlobo.

Izinga lokushisa kanye ukukhethwa ingxube

Uma ngaphandle kancane ngezansi -3 zisebenzisa ingxube ubudala. Lapho izinga lokushisa kwe--4 ukuba -20 ° C, bese uphawu luyanda amaphuzu amabili. Ngokwesibonelo, esikhundleni №10 ku №25. Uma amakhaza enamandla nakakhulu-ke ukwandisa ngomunye namantombazane amabili.

Ukuze bricklaying uye waphumelela ebusika, nabakhi ukuletha isixazululo efudumele usebenzisa iziqukathi ekhethekile. Bayakwazi ukugcina izinga lokushisa edingekayo yesixazululo.

Uma isixazululo eba yiqhwa

Uma umoya ngaphandle, kubalulekile ukuxoxa ingxube degrees amahlanu ngaphezulu. Ngo umakhi nemizuzu 25 kuze ikhambi is hhayi simisiwe. Nokho, uma kukhona ayengase avele iqhwa, noma kunjalo, awukwazi ukwengeza amanzi abilayo. Lokhu kuzodala ikhule ezimbotsheni, lapho, ngaphezu kwalokho, yiqhwa kwamanzi, kakhulu ukuba zimbi kakhulu izinga ezakhiweni zamatshe aqoshiwe. Kuyadingeka ukuba nibuyise ingxube eqandisiwe zishise, futhi umsebenzi ukuthatha efudumele. Ukuze kube lula, lemali edingekayo isixazululo kukhishelwa kule esitsheni ukushisa namakhaza futhi ukudweba kuwo, wenze umsebenzi. ezilandelayo kuphela le mithetho, ungase ube nelungelo wokwakha izitini ngenkathi ezibandayo.

Izici Winter wokwakha

Ikakhulukazi wokwakha ebusika ukuthi kuyadingeka ukwenza konke ngokushesha kakhulu, nokubeka ikhambi embhedeni kufanele ngokushesha alisibekele izitini, ngakho Ngokuqhubeka kulo lonke uchungechunge. udonga izinga lokukhula up Kubalulekile, ngoba umklamo eziqine kakhudlwana kudingeka acindezele eziyizitezi engenhla phansi. Ukuze uvalwe onomfutho amalunga iqandiswe ukuthi isikhundla, uyonika kudingekile ukuzinza izindonga.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi wokwakha wenziwa ebusika, ukushuba emalungeni akufanele kube ebanzi kuka ehlobo. Uma umthamo yesixazululo e ezivuzayo weqiwe, kungaholela ukuncipha okukhulu ngemva incibilikiswa. Lena engathandeki kakhulu futhi kungase kuholele ngisho nasezinkingeni wokugoqa. Ngakho kudingeka alalele leyo mithetho futhi bricklaying ebusika. Ngisho ngesikhathi amakhefu udinga ukumboza isakhiwo ukufulela iphepha, indwangu, polyethylene, ngokuvamile, ukugcina kulungele isikhathi eside ngangokunokwenzeka. Ngemva isixazululo phakathi solidification futhi inikeza ukushisa ayo, akusiyo kakhulu, kodwa kuyokusiza eqinisa. Udinga ukuqinisekisa ukuthi zonke ezivuzayo basutha, futhi babengenaso voids. Phela, nabo basuke kungaholela ukuncipha engalingani, ukugunda noma yehlisa lonke isakhiwo.

Izindonga, iphansi kanye izingodo

Lapho esakhiwe izindonga noma izinsika, kubalulekile ukwenza wokwakha isakhiwo, njengoba komngcele, umphetho isinyathelo, okuyinto sedimentary. ukwakhiwa ukuphakama ezimweni ezinjena akufanele bube ngaphezu kuka-4 m. Lapho wokwakha usulungile, ngokushesha ukuthi kumelwe ukuphakamisa plate-ezedlulayo. Zonke ngemishayo girders lokho kuphumula ezindongeni, kudingeka ukuba uxhume zensimbi amahange. Ngenxa yalokhu, lonke isakhiwo zingamelana isisindo amapuleti, ngazo esiqongweni. Ugijima silungise torsions, noma uma ezenziwe ngokjuni, besebenzisa izincwajana zokubhala. Kuphela bricklaying lesifanele kanye nokuhlanganiswa abanekhono kuyodingeka lokhu kwakuyoba nomphumela omuhle.

Isisekelo isisekelo ukusabalala, ukuvikela yonke into kusuka zeqhwa, kokubili ngesikhathi nangemva umsebenzi. Lokhu kwenzelwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isisekelo lapho incibilikiswa awukaqali ukucwila ngokushesha, kanjalo bazithobisa le deformations bamba, okungase kuholele ekubeni uthunyelelwe ugoqe. Ebusika, nezinyawo ezibekwe itiyela iphepha, ukufulela impahla, noma polyethylene, ngqo angabekwa embhedeni ukhonkolo. Ezibekwe izingqimba ezintathu kungenzeka futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, ukuba sigcine ukuchayeka frost.

ukuncipha elawulwa

Ukwenza emakhiyubhi ukusetshenziswa ebusika ka kwagcizelela amabhuloho ukhonkolo, futhi uma nezipani hhayi ngaphezulu kuka 1.5 m, kungenzeka ukusebenzisa abavamile esasinenjini jumper formwork. Kuyinto umkhuba wansuku zonke. Njengoba imithetho ukunikeza formwork isitini wokwakha ayithintayo Racks ukuthi ogibele amagejambazo nalapho uma kuncibilika iqhwa liqala, ziba buthaka. ngokuvumela Ngaleyondlela lonke ukwakhiwa we ngokulinganayo kubheke phansi. Zonke Racks kanye Jumpers asethwe ezingxenyeni ezimaphakathi izindonga, asikwazi ukuvumela ukufuduka yabo. Phela incibilikiswa, ne jumper isuswe formwork kuphela emva kwezinsuku 15.

Winter wokwakha libhekene yokuthi ukuphakama iwindi futhi umnyango kuvuleka, lapho zibekwe isitini kumele kube 5 mm ephakeme kunaleyo lapho umsebenzi ofanayo ehlobo. Kunoma ikuphi, ikhambi okuxubile kuphela emanzini eshubile.

Kwembulunga ezivuzayo usebenzisa ugesi

Isekhona ubuchwepheshe isitini wokwakha nge bafudumale. Ngenxa yale njongo, emalungeni ovundlile kuyadingeka ukuba abeke wire. Uhlonze lwalo kungaba 0.3-6 mm, futhi kufanele kwesokunxele eside semikhawulweni ngokwanele ukuba akwazi sizikhandle ukuxhuma kwi-kwamandla. Kungaba UWelder. Lapho ebeka izintambo kudingeka siqiniseke ukuthi ikhambi kwakungelona ize, ngoba Ukushisa kulesi simo kungaba kancane futhi kungenzeka babe ayizwakali.

On amalahle ingxube ngokwayo uya% 25 kuphela ezisele amandla ilahleka ukufudumala emoyeni ezungeze futhi izitini. Ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuba ngokucophelela ukhethe waphansi olukwaziyo stably ukunikeza ngenani elithandekayo ugesi. wokwakha okunjalo isitini, idayagramu zazo uvezwa lapha, kakhulu ubuchwepheshe futhi yesimanje kakhulu kunaleyo lapho une ukwakha Tepljakov.

Indlela chemical

Kukhona indlela ukuvimbela umnkantsha isixazululo, ekusebenziseni amakhemikhali. Basuke ukungezwa ikhambi, futhi sinciphise izinga lokushisa lapho ingxube yavalwa ukuba. Phakathi kwalezi izinto ngempumelelo kakhulu futhi asetshenziswa kabanzi yilezi: i-sodium chloride, i-calcium nitrite, i-calcium nitrite, lihambisana urea kanye potassium carbonate.

Nokho, le ndlela yokudala wokwakha has kusimo enkulu, ochwepheshe abaningi bathi ukuyisebenzisa ukuze kwakhiwe izindlu zokuhlala akukwazi. Phela, lapho abantu bayophila, ukusebenzisa amakhemikhali abangenangqondo: bangaba nobuhlobo naye babe ezinobuthi futhi kuthinte ngekusasa lempilo abahlali.

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula, asebenzise le ndlela, asikwazi kakhulu ukugxambukela lezi izithasiselo, njengoba ikhambi ungakwazi ngiyothatha okuningi ngokushesha kunokulindelekile. Ngokufanele ngokwanele 1-3% we isisindo ingqikithi ingxube. Funda kabanzi, ikakhulukazi ukuthi kubiza malini ukubangeza, unga empirically kuphela.

Lapha sibuyekeze lokho izitini laying, njengoba kahle ukusebenza kule sizini abandayo, futhi izinto okungase kudingeke ukuba ayenze. Njengoba ubona, ngisho nesimo esasibonakala njengomnyama ongenafu, kukhona izixazululo eziningana. Bona, yebo, zidinga ezinye umkhuba nesipiliyoni ukuqonda ngokunembile indlela izinto baziphathe.