Jacobin - ke ... Yemfihlo futhi ubushiqela we Jacobins

Jacobin - ilungu leqembu lezombangazwe (the Jacobin Club) kusukela Omkhulu French Revolution.

Umsuka ukunyakaza

I Jacobin Club kwamiswa ngamalungu ePhalamende we Breton ingxenyenamba. Baqhuba imihlangano yabo lezindela eSt uJakobe Paris. Yingakho igama Jacobins iqembu. Abalandeli bakhe ababenakho, nasezifundazweni, lapho kukhona amaqembu amaningi amancane zadalwa. Warping Usuku - Juni 1789. Jacobin Club wayengomunye walabo ezinethonya kunazo ngesikhathi, futhi kwadingeka kunethonya elikhulu endleleni ukuthuthukiswa kanye ukuhamba French Revolution.

Ukwakheka club

Wawunamabhodi wamaphiko ezintathu, noma ingxenyenamba:

1. Ilungelo, eholwa Danton, ummeli kanye noNgqongqoshe esizayo Wezobulungiswa yeFrance.

2. Left, ogama umholi udokotela odumile futhi intatheli Marat ukubukwa olukhulu, i umsekeli oshisekayo Jacobins idedelwa ukwesaba.

3. Centre - eliholwa Maksimilian Robesper kwaba eyiqaphuqaphu ekhaliphile ummeli oqeqeshiwe.

Ngakho, i-Jacobin - ingenye abahlanganyeli kule nhlangano wamavukelambuso, iningi ababengasekho abantu abafundile.

Ekuqaleni buqala, le Jacobins babe ukwethulwa wezwe ohlanga eyakhelwe ngaphezu komthethosisekelo. Ekhuluma phambi kwePhalamende Convention, zikhuthazwe ubunye isimo, eqinisa ukuvikeleka kwesitjhaba, kodwa wabiza esiqinile ukwesaba yangaphakathi nezitha zika France, futhi labo abazama ukuba kwahlukaniswe isimo kusuka ngaphakathi.

Maximilian Robespierre - Umholi we-Jacobins

Wazalwa emndenini abameli. Early walahlekelwa unina noyise, ababeyishiyile umndeni, Robespierre ephakanyiswe kumkhulu wakhe ohlangothini kwabakhulelwe, a elikulesi, ababefuna ukwenza kwakhe eyisisebenzi, luwukuqiniseka kommeli umsebenzi ingcebo kuzoletha. Kodwa uthisha bomfana, ngibona ithalente lakhe lokufunda, ukuvusela abantu abanethonya komuzi, futhi Robespierre waklonyeliswa scholarship eyamenza wakwazi ukufunda Lycée Paris. Ngemva kokuthweswa iziqu, wabuyela edolobheni lakubo futhi egxilile ukuphila kwawo ngokuqondene nezombusazwe. Ngenxa yobuciko zalo ezinhle Robespierre likhethwa phakathi kwamaphini ka -United Jikelele sabo enkabeni yedolobha bakhangisa wabuyela Paris.

inkulumo Brilliant abasha yesifundazwe ngokushesha ezidonsela ukunakekela amazwi Robespierre sebeqala ukulalela.

Kusukela ekuqaleni kuka-izenzakalo wamavukelambuso eFrance, kuthatha ingxenye esebenzayo, esivuna imvume ukuze wenze imisebenzi yezenhlalakahle abalingisi, amaHuguenot futhi amaJuda, ukuba ukuqedwa kobugqila amakoloni kanye ilungelo likasihlalo lokunqabela ku isigwebo sokufa eFrance.

Kusukela kwamiswa lo Jacobin Club, Robespierre baba omunye umholi walo main. Ngemva kokugumbuqelwa ohlanga, futhi isimemezelo France wokuzibusa republic indivisible, he is fike of izikhundla okuholela Isentha kaZwelonke.

Inqubomgomo Jacobins athatha izintambo

Nabaphikisi esemqoka ye National Convention ye Jacobin Club kwakungamadodana girondins. Jacobin - ilungu club olukhulu zezombusazwe, okusho ukuthi akusiyo indlela yalabo abanamawala ngokweqile kancane kakhulu. Girondins yayiphambana ekukhishweni inkosi, ngenxa yokwesaba ukuthi angase avule indlela yokuba besatshwe ezweni. Nakuba ithalente hhayi oratorical nenhlangano, emzabalazweni balahlekelwa. Ngo 1793, emva amasamanisi of Robespierre phansi kusivumelwano, base wazama futhi abulawe.

Ngemva kokuba amandla, lo Jacobin ubushiqela party yabo ithole ngezabelo ikakhulukazi esongelayo. IKomiti wokuphepha komphakathi lamiswa. Kwakuthinta eliholwa Robespierre. Kuzo zonke izingxenye zezwe bathunyelwa egunyaziwe emkhakheni. Zonke amabutho Jacobins waphonsa kuveza kokungenela futhi isixazululo kwezinkinga zezomnotho. Ukuqagela laqanjwa isigwebo sokufa, ngenkani ashaqe isinkwa notshwele amanani awashintsheki imikhiqizo ezibaluleke kakhulu isifakiwe.

Ngesikhashana nje sibonga izenzo juqu we Jacobins wakwazi ukwakha ibutho kahle isiFulentshi futhi ukuqeda usongo kokungenela. kabusha komnotho isimo ayilithuthukisanga. yokuhlukanisa waqala phakathi Jacobins ngokwabo. Onxiwankulu ukuthi awanelisekile nenqubomgomo eqinile abantu la izinguquko ezengeziwe. Robespierre, uzama ukubamba ngamandla kuleli zwe nge-ukwesaba, washeshe waba isisulu salo. Yena nabangane bakhe abaseduze abulawa 1794. Ngemva kwalokho, ubushiqela Jacobin wawa.

isiphetho

Igama has nenye incazelo. Jacobin - a freethinker noma umuntu ecabanga wamavukelambuso. Ngo XVIII-XIX eminyaka leli gama kwaba zithandwa kakhulu. Okwamanje, it is kuyaqabukela asetshenziswa.