Kangakanani isimungumungwane e abadala?

Isimungumungwane igciwane - omunye esiyingozi kakhulu. Umbuzo oyinhloko impendulo lapho odinga ukukwazi ukuze bazivikele ukutheleleka - efana isimungumungwane ukusabalala? Igciwane uhlala kuphela kumaseli zomzimba womuntu, futhi ngaphandle "umthuthi", ababhujiswanga ngaleso sikhathi. Kodwa namanje, igciwane usahlala emhlabeni, kusukela isimungumungwane idluliselwa ngokungenzi uthintane futhi emoyeni. Ngakho-ke, njengoba ayeke wavela ezinye ngomzana, ngokushesha athole isikali lo mqedazwe, uma ungathathi izinyathelo ezifanele - ngokuhlukaniswa.

isimungumungwane igciwane

Isimungumungwane kuyisifo - ongowokuzalwa paramyxoviruses nge RNA. Kangakanani isimungumungwane? Lesifo ingena emzimbeni buthaka, uma isiguli nge isimungumungwane kusukela imvelo ekhwehlela noma ethimule. Khona-ke leli gciwane ungena lwamafinyila umuntu enempilo. Futhi ukutheleleka 100% uhlamvu. Isiguli kufanele Ukuvaleleka okungenani izinsuku 5 emva ngamawala.

Ekuqaleni kwekhulu XX, zabulawa yisimungumungwana imiphumela izingane eziningi emhlabeni wonke. Kubazali zanamuhla isimungumungwane esiyingozi akubonakali yokugoma njengoba chithi saka "kwenza kwangenzeka nganoma" izikhathi zase-USSR asebegule nalesi sifo isizukulwane. Kodwa labo ngenxa yezizathu ezihlukahlukene ezingazange zigonywe kufanele kwenzeke ukuba bazivikele egciwaneni.

pathogenesis

Uma igciwane singene emgudwini wegazi, silotshwe cishe zonke izinhlaka - emisipheni kwamaphaphu, amalaka, e pheshana emathunjini. Kodwa ngaphezu kwakho konke kuthinta imithambo yegazi. Ukuqubuka njalo uqale nge izihlathi, abaya ezulwini nokuthi sezinwele, khona-ke wonke umzimba.

Ukuqubuka - kuyinto pathognomonic, zazo inquma nesimungumungwana. Kancane kancane ukuthuthukisa lingene ukuvuvukala. Uma ngalesi sikhathi ukungena elinegciwane globulin mzimba, kuyoba ukubulala inombolo encane Amagciwane. Ngokuba nokuvimbela injected immunoglobulin 3 mm, kodwa namanje amacala ashisayo elingalodwa esolwa isimungumungwane womuntu.

Isikhathi bayashintshana ekufukameleni - kufikela kuzinsuku ezingu-10. Kakhulu akuvamile lenyuka 17. iphelela isifo ngezinyathelo 3:

• isikhathi Catarrhal. Isiguli sinelungelo enomkhuhlane, ukhwehlela iqala akahlanye.
• isikhathi ngamawala. Nge 3 noma 5 izinsuku ukuqubuka iqala Bielsko filatov-Koplik. Amachashaza wathola ebusweni, bese kancane kancane "bamba" wonke umzimba. Isikhathi esesimweni esinjalo - mayelana 9 izinsuku.
• ukululama isikhathi. Ngalesi sikhathi, it kwandisa ukukhathala ukwehla ukungawi ephilayo obuthaka ukuba amagciwane. Nge ekupheleni isifo sesikhumba zibe maholoholo ukuqubuka uyeza off futhi izinga lokushisa lehliselwa.

Kodwa lapho umuntu azi ukuthi angakwenza kanjani ukudlulisela isimungumungwana, kungaba ngayo isikhathi. Lokho, nabanye abantu, ayivumeli ukuthelela abanye.
Odokotela ukuhlukanisa phakathi imnene, ngokulinganisela futhi ezinzima. Nokho, labo baya seroprevention uma ogulayo ke mitigirovannoy, (esiyingozi kakhulu) nesimungumungwana.

symptomatology

Izimpawu ekuqaleni zifana kakhulu umkhuhlane. ukudakwa Jikelele, ngenxa okuyinto umuntu uzizwa ebuthakathaka, evele iqala waphathwa umkhuhlane, ukukhwehlela kanye nemfiva. Lapho izinga lokushisa isimungumungwane umzimba kakhulu: izingane 38 - 40, abadala ngenhla 40. Kodwa nomuntu izinsuku 5 kakade sprinkles, futhi ungenza uphethwe.

Kubantu abadala nakho libhekene nezinye izici:

• conjunctivitis;
• photophobia (umuntu siyalizwela ukukhanya okukhulu);
• izinhlungu zekhanda ezinamandla;
• ukukhwehlela ezinzima;
• rhinitis;
• Isimungumungwane enanthema (namachashaza ulwanga kancane);
• wamathumbu ukungasebenzi kwekhono;

Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho izinga lokushisa eliphezulu asivumelani ngokuqinile kungenzeka delirium. Ikakhulukazi amadoda, ngoba abesifazane ngokuvamile ukushisa idluliswe kalula. Yilokho kubonakala nesimungumungwana. Izimpawu like ngocansi, iphathwa futhi kanjani ukuvikela yokulwa nesimungumungwane - ulwazi ewusizo kakhulu umuntu. Manje cishe isigamu sabantu amacala lesi sifo - kuyinto abadala elinegciwane.

Behlukene ngesimo ukugeleza kusulwe, futhi hypertoxic ifomu oluhambisana isifo. Ukusulwa (mitigirovannaya) ifomu kwenzeka kalula kakhulu. Lapho sibona oluhambisana indle kanye nomchamo ngegazi, ukopha ezinye izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene. Uma umuntu onjalo ukopha ngokushesha esibhedlela.

Lapho ifomu hypertoxic lesi sifo ngokuvamile kakhulu yinkinga lokhu meningoencephalitis, kodwa lesi sifo esibulalayo.

Ingabe isimungumungwane ithelelwana njani?

Kangakanani isimungumungwane? Kanye upokisi, isimungumungwana, obizwa nangokuthi "fly isifo" njengoba igciwane wenziwa nomoya futhi kusabalala ngokushesha okukhulu. Umuntu omdala osebenza nezingane ezazingazange ziye waphathwa uvendle ebuntwaneni, kumele zigonywe.

Ngayiphi indlela is adluliselwe ku-isimungumungwane? Uma kuba khona egulayo, bonke ontanga yakhe, yonke abadala ezizungezile futhi abantu abadala abanalo. Lokhu igciwane kungokwalabo esigabeni ka esithathelanayo kakhulu - ukuthi is ehlukile ngegciwane.

Kangakanani ukutheleleka abadala?

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi abantu abadala namanje abazi, futhi njalo kuhambisana nemithetho yenhlanzeko, isimungumungwana ingagciniwe. Buye bachazwa ngokuthi isimungumungwane ngocansi - umbani okusheshayo. Uma kungekho amasosha omzimba elakhiwe ngokumelene nalo, akukho ukuvikela. Isimungumungwane idluliselwa nge amaconsi sisemoyeni, futhi ludluliselwa amamitha eziningana emoyeni notshwala. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma ingane yomunye umuntu ekamelweni olandelayo, egula isimungumungwana sneezed ke ukutheleleka nge window noma ukupholisa evulekile uwela ngokukhululekile phakathi efulethini futhi ithelela.


Wonke umuntu wayesondelene eduze lomuntu onegciwane phakathi nezinsuku zokuqala, lapho isifo ongakabi ukuvela, njengoba utheleleke.

Imithi ngokuvamile ihlala endaweni ethile iminyaka 10. Ngemva kokuxoxa nengane onegciwane kufanele ovivinyweni ukuze kutholakale izinga amasosha igciwane. Futhi uma umzimba ayeseqalile kakade ukulahlekelwa ukuvikelwa, kungcono zigonywe futhi.

Imiphumela isimungumungwane

Isimungumungwane - isifo esibhubhisa ubuqotho izitsha. Futhi kuye ngokuthi indlela umxhwele isimiso semithambo yegazi ngenxa ukutheleleka, ukuhlukanisa ukukhanya negalelo elinzima. imiphumela Ngibambeni isimungumungwane - ukulahlekelwa platelet, otitis, laryngitis, Ukudlikizela. Kodwa zikhona eziningi ezinkulu.

Lapho igciwane ifinyelela izitsha wamaphaphu ubhubhisa kubo, isiguli ngokushesha okukhulu burns. Ikakhulukazi, lapho umzimba Ufika buthakathaka ukutheleleka nge-bacterium. Ngokuvamile (nge hypertoxic noma isifo oluhambisana ifomu) ukuthi imikhumbi ubuchopho ethintekile ngaphezulu. Khona-ke alulame cishe akukho ithuba. Njengoba encephalitis oyingqayizivele ezibulalayo.

Ukuze nesimungumungwane ezinganeni kanye nabantu abadala

Ngakho, it is kanjani ngobulili isimungumungwane e abadala? Kanye nanoma yikuphi ukutheleleka zasemoyeni.
Kungcono zisathwala isimungumungwane ebuntwaneni. Abantu abadala nzinyana ukubekezelela ukutheleleka, yezinkinga ezinzima kamuva: laryngitis nge stenosis, ukucinana kwemigudu yokuphefumula, abezindaba otitis, meningoencephalitis. ukuqubuka Papular e abadala ngaphezulu, izakhi ngokuvamile oluhambisana (ukulimaza) avele emzimbeni. Uma izingane ziphathwa ekhaya, abantu abadala ngokushesha esibhedlela.

Izinga lokushisa lenyuka ngo omdala ngokuvamile ngenhla 40 C kuyingozi ikakhulukazi uma isifo ingena ifomu hypertoxic. Kulokhu, umuntu kungaba CCC inkinga. Adult nge uhlobo isimungumungwane nakanjani akukwazeki aphathwe ekhaya. lokushisa umzimba kuleli cala idlula umkhawulo. Kodwa uma ngosuku lokuqala lokugula ukubiza i-ambulensi futhi ngaphansi kokuqondisa odokotela, lesi sifo uzokwazi ukunqoba ngaphandle kwemiphumela.

lokugoma omdala

Kusukela ngo-1967, izwe elaliyiSoviet Union, baqala ukuba bagome yokulwa nesimungumungwane. He qamba ophilayo serum academician AMS, a virologist AA Smorodintsev. Kwenzakalani? Ngesisekelo evamile Iqanda igciwane ezimhlophe isikhulile, iba buthakathaka futhi ingakwazi ukuthelela abanye abantu, futhi aliholeli ukufa. He is kuphela imingcele yangaphandle like a virus Okuyınqo, kwanele ukuba behlise isidumbu sayo ukuthuthukisa amasosha omzimba adingekayo.

Kwatholakala ukuthi kubo bonke abadala abangaphezu kweminyaka engu-35 ubudala ababekwa inoculated yokulwa nesimungumungwane eneminyaka engu-6 ubudala, kufanele namanje kuwo futhi. Njengoba Ukuvikelwa sekuncipha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Zonke unvaccinated kumele zigonywe kabili, ukuze imizimba yabo akha Ukuvikelwa eside. Isikhawu phakathi lokugoma wabeka - hhayi esingangenyanga. Abadala zigonywe monovalent noma wokugoma kathathu.

ukuthi umgomo okuhlala isikhathi eside?

I amasosha omzimba okuyinto lutholwa emva isifo Sinemandla futsi isebenza ukuphila, kuyilapho ngayo ngesivikelo sengxenye ababuthakathaka ngokumelene igciwane, uvikela isikhathi esifushane, iminyaka 10-12 kuphela. Nokho umgomo, ngokuvumelana odokotela, kungcono ukwedlula ingozi yokuthola isimungumungwane samanje. Esimweni lapho lowo muntu akazi wenza njengalokho ingane zigonywe noma cha, Angenza ukuhlaziywa - impendulo serological. Ukuhlaziya ukuze ziqiniseke - kungakhathaliseki isimungumungwane omzimba noma cha. Kusukela manje isimungumungwane ungenwa ezingaphezu kuka abantu abadala, ukuziphatha serological impendulo ayiveli indawo kuwo wonke umuntu.