Kievan Rus ': imfundo kanye nomlando

Kievan Rus - buyinto ezehlukile yomlando medieval European. Bangazihluphi ngokwendawo Lesisemkhatsini phakathi impucuko of eMpumalanga naseNtshonalanga, lena sekuyindlela esicini esibaluleke kunazo zonke oxhumana zomlando namasiko futhi kwakhiwa hhayi kuphela ngesisekelo i oludonsa, kodwa futhi ithonya yangaphakathi ebalulekile abantu angomakhelwane.

Ukwakheka imifelandawonye tribal

Ezemfundo State Kievan Rus kanye umsuka kumiswa abantu yesimanje Slavic ezigxilile izikhathi lapho izingxenye ezinkulu Eastern naseNingizimu-Eastern Europe iqala Elikhulu Migration lwamaSlav, eyathatha kuze kube sekupheleni VII leminyaka. Single phambi komphakathi Slavic kancane kancane disintegrates empumalanga, entshonalanga, eningizimu nasenyakatho Slavic Izinyunyana zamaKhosi. Ngo phakathi th mina. Esikhathini indawo ye-Ukraine yesimanje sekuneminyaka Antsky futhi Sklavinsky Union zezizwe Slavic. Ngemva ukushayisa e V leminyaka BC esizweni sabantwana Huns futhi ukunyamalala yokugcina Western WaseRoma Izintuthwane Union, baqala ukudlala indima ebalulekile-Eastern Europe. Ukuhlaselwa izizwe Avar enganikanga lesi sibopho somshado kwakheka isimo, kodwa inqubo kumiswa wekuba sive engakaze kumisiwe. izizwe Slavic ababengaphansi kwemibuso yakwamanye amazwe ziye emazweni amasha futhi uhlanganise ukudala imifelandawonye entsha zezizwe.

Ekuqaleni, kukhona, inyunyana yesikhashana abayitoho zezizwe - I-nomkhankaso wempi noma zizivikele omakhelwane akabonisanga bungane kanye abayimizulane. Kancane kancane iyiphi inhlangano nge isiko efanayo futhi ukuphila sezizwe zakwa angomakhelwane. Ekugcineni, inhlangano kwakhiwa indawo protogosudarstvennyh uhlobo - umhlaba futhi principalities kamuva ziye zaholela inqubo efana ukwakheka isimo Kiev Russ.

Kafushane, indlela yokwakheka izizwe Slavic

izikole eziningi zanamuhla zomlando uxhuma ukwazi ekuqaleni abantu isiRashiya, isi-Ukrainian futhi Belarusian ukuze kokuwa Slavic umphakathi omkhulu zinhlanga nokuhlangana kwemicabango ukuvela ukwakheka entsha social - umfelandawonye zamaKhosi. Kuhlangane kancane kancane izizwe Slavic emenza isimo Kievan Rus. imfundo uMbuso yashesha ekupheleni kwekhulu VIII. On endaweni amandla ikusasa zezombangazwe eziyisikhombisa kwamiswa: dulibov, Drevlyane, eCroatia, glades, Ulichi, Tivertsy, siveryan. Omunye abokuqala Dulibsky Union, ekuhlanganiseni izizwe ezihlala endaweni yasesiFundeni. Gorin eMpumalanga eNtshonalanga. Bug. Inani elihle kunawo isikhundla ezindawo kwadingeka glades isizwe esasisentshonalanga ndawo phakathi Dnieper River. Black grouse enyakatho kuya emfuleni. Irpen futhi Ros ngaseningizimu. Ukwakheka isimo Kievan Rus lasendulo senzeka amazwe kulezi zizwe.

Ukuvela nakhululwa ezifundisweni zokucathula uhulumeni

Imibandela kumiswa Imifelandawonye tribal wakhula ukubaluleka kwabo kwezempi nakwezombusazwe. Iningi okwatholakala ngesikhathi imikhankaso yezempi ka ukukhiqizwa eyabiwe abaholi bendabuko kanye amaphekula - ehlome amasosha professional ayekhonza abaholi ngemali ethile. Badlala abalulekile indima emabandleni amadoda khulula, amaqhawe noma abantu izimali (Chamber), okuyinto ukuzixazulula i nezindaba ezibalulekile zokuphatha kanye civil. Lihlukaniswa ungqimba lobuholi bezigodi Njengoba izintambo ziyobe ziphethwe amandla focus. Ukwakheka lesi sendlalelo lalinabashumayeli le boyars - abeluleki nesikhulu eseduzane, iziphathamandla zabo, bezifanisa nezingqobo ayephelezelwa yabo.

Ukuba Wedwa Polyansky Union

Ikakhulukazi okukhulu ohlelweni lwezemfundo zomphakathi okwenzeka phansi Polanski principalities zamaKhosi. Yamila ukubaluleka Kiev - dolobha. Amandla ophakeme kunabo bonke ubukhulu wozalo luka Polyansky Prince Kyi.

Phakathi VIII IX cc. ku ubukhulu baye basungula preconditions zezombusazwe real ukuvela ku isisekelo zayo zokuqala isimo Slavic, okuyinto kamuva wathola igama Kievan Rus.

Ezemfundo kwegama "Rus"

Umbuzo "Lapho kuhambile ezweni Russian", unikezwa by umlobi wezenzakalo Nestor, asitholanga impendulo ecacile kuze kube yilolu suku. Namuhla, eziningana imibono yesayensi ngemvelaphi igama "Rus" kuvamile mlando, "Kievan Rus". Ukwakheka le nkulumo busekelwe esidlule ejulile. Ngokuyisisekelo, migomo asetshenziswa incazelo yazo zonke Eastern ezindaweni lwamaSlavic emincane - ikhumbula kuphela Kiev, Chernigov futhi Pereiaslav umhlaba. Phakathi kwezizwe zakwa Slavic, la magama ziye zanda futhi eminye kugxilile emagameni ahlukahlukene endaweni. Ngokwesibonelo, amagama emifuleni - amathayi. Ros, et al. Kungokufanayo abizwa Slavic labo abantu abazinika ithuba elihle ku medium emazweni Naddniprianshchyna. Ngokusho ososayensi, igama sezizwe zakwa, okuyinto wawuyingxenye Union Polanski kwaba namazolo noma Russes, futhi kamuva nje ichopho uyindaba Polyansky waqala ukubiza ngokwabo Russ. Ekhulwini IX yaphela lapho kumiswa isimo Russian lasendulo. Rus Kievan 'sibe khona.

Insimu Eastern lwamaSlav

Ayisebenzi, yonke imindeni wayephila ehlathini noma ehlathini. Lezi zindawo zemvelo ingahluphi sokuthuthukisa umnotho kanye nokuphepha ukuphila. Kwakuwusuku maphakathi nawo-zindawo, amahlathi kanye nehlathi waqala kumiswa isimo Kievan Rus.

Leli lungiselelo jikelele iqembu eningizimu sezizwe zakwa Slavic kakhulu ezithinta nohlobo lobudlelwane zabo nabantu elingumakhelwane amazwe. Insimu yokuhlala Rus lasendulo yayisethafeni nomngcele ophakathi eMpumalanga naseNtshonalanga. Lezi amazwe zitholakala lapho kwakuphambana khona imigwaqo lasendulo futhi imizila yezohwebo. Kodwa ngeshwa, lezi zindawo ivulekile futhi izithiyo zemvelo olungavikelekile, okubenza babe sengozini zithi futhi kuphangwa.

Ubudlelwano nomakhelwane

Ngokuhamba VII- VIII eminyaka. usongo eziyinhloko labantu balapha abantu alien we waseMpumalanga naseNingizimu. Okubaluleke kakhulu ngoba emkhakheni wezemfundo kwaba Khazar Khanate - isimo oqinile, elise emaqeleni Northern kweBlack Sea eCrimea. Maqondana lwamaSlav Khazars sathatha i simo esinqala. Okokuqala, wanithwesa intela futhi Vyatichi siveryan, futhi kamuva - futhi insimu. Umzabalazo ne Khazars nomthelela ubunye izizwe Polanski umbimbi tribal, okuyinto adayiswa, walwa Khazars. Mhlawumbe ngenxa Khazars ukuze lwamaSlav sawela uJehova isihloko - Hagan.

Okubalulekile babe nobudlelwano sezizwe zakwa Slavic nge waseByzantium. Ngokuphindaphindiwe izikhulu Slavic alwa ihwebelana umbuso onamandla, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngisho imifela-ndawonye lalo lempi. Entshonalanga eMpumalanga Slavic abantu lisaqhubeka nobudlelwano ne Slovaks, kanye nabasePoland nase-amaCzech namaRomany.

Ukwakheka isimo Kievan Rus

ukuthuthukiswa Political Polyansky wokubusa kwaholela ukuvela ekuqa- VIII-IX eminyaka, ukunikeza umphakathi imfundo, okuyinto Kamuva ngabelwa igama "Rus". Njengoba inhloko-dolobha amandla amasha baba Kiev, izazi-mlando XIX-XX Art. Baqala ukuba bamthinte "Kievan Rus". imfundo yezwe kwaqala Ephakathi Dnieper, lapho behlala drevlyans, siveryane futhi evulekile.

Umbusi waseRussia kwadingeka isihloko Kagan (Haka), okulingana Russian Grand Duke. Kuyacaca ukuthi isihloko enjalo kwakungatholakala kuphela ukugqoka uJehova, abathi ngokujwayela sinjani isimo sabo senhlalo ngenhla Prince umbimbi zamaKhosi. Gxila ekuqiniseni uhulumeni omusha yabonisa imisebenzi yayo asebenzayo lempi. Ekupheleni VIII. Russ kwaholela Polyansky Prince Bravlin ehlaselwa ogwini YaseCrimea wathumba writhing Surozh futhi Korsun. Ngo 838 le Rus efika eByzantium. Ngakho eyakhishwa enobudlelwane nge umbuso empumalanga. Ezemfundo East Slavic isimo Kievan Rus 'kwaba umcimbi omkhulu. Ubethula waqaphela njengesinye bezizwe enamandla esikhathini esiningi.

Izikhulu lokuqala Kievan Rus

Waba ngukumkani Russia abameleli Kievich lwamakhosi, okuhlanganisa nabafowethu Askold futhi Dir. Ngokwezinye izazi-mlando, base co-ababusi, nakuba mhlawumbe ekuqaleni, waba ngukumkani Deer, bese - Askold. Ngalezo zinsuku, ku Dnieper kukhona squads ka Normans - abaseSweden, Danes, baseNorway. Zazisetshenziswa ukuvikela imizila yezohwebo futhi ngenxa mercenary ngesikhathi kuphangwa. Ngo 860 Askold, isihloko ibutho 6-8 ayizinkulungwane. Indoda, baqhubeka Kostantinopol ulwandle mkhankaso. Ukuba eByzantium, Askold bajwayelane inkolo entsha - ubuKristu, wabhapathizwa, futhi wazama inkolo entsha, okungase thatha Kievan Rus. Ezemfundo, umlando waleli zwe elisha waqala ukuzizwa ithonya zefilosofi WaseByzantium ongqondongqondo. Of the Empire, Russian ezweni bamenywa abapristi abaklami. Kodwa lezi zinyathelo Askold akazange iyophumelela kangakanani - phakathi kwamadoda asebukhosini kanye abavamile wayesalokhu elinamandla zobuqaba. Ngakho-ke, ubuKristu beza kamuva Kievan Rus.

Ukwakheka isimo esisha ukuchaza ekuqaleni kwenkathi entsha emlandweni Eastern amaSlav - inkathi yokuphila agcwele zomphakathi nezombusazwe.