Kolchak (Admiral): Biography emfushane. Amaqiniso ethakazelisayo evela ukuphila Admiral Kolchak

Omunye izibalo ezithakazelisayo kakhulu futhi impikiswano emlandweni Russian kwekhulu lamashumi amabili iyona AV Kolchak. Admiral, undunankulu, umhloli wamazwe, ngenxa yesazi solwandle futhi umbhali. Kuze kube manje, lesi sibalo zomlando iyathakazelisa mlando, babhali, bahlatiyi, abaqondisi. Admiral Kolchak, ogama biography ligubuzelwe amaqiniso ezithakazelisayo futhi izenzakalo ezithakazelisayo kakhulu kubantu besikhathi sakhe. Ngesisekelo lwezifundo zakhe vitae amabhuku, izikripthi zibhalelwe esigabeni. Admiral Kolchak Aleksandr vasilevich - hero documentary amafilimu kanye sici amafilimu. Akunakwenzeka ukulinganisa ukubaluleka ukuphela kwalesi ubuntu emlandweni wabantu Russian.

Izinyathelo lokuqala ubusosha abasha

AV Kolchak, undunankulu of the Empire, isiRashiya, kwakukhona ukukhanya okumhlophe ngoNovemba 4, 1874 Petersburg. Kolchaks umndeni avela umndeni lasendulo zasebukhosini. Ubaba - Vasily Ivanovich Kolchak, uMajor General wezikhali oluhle ngemikhumbi yempi, umama - Olga Ilinichna Posokhova, Don Cossack. Umndeni Admiral esizayo yoMbuso wase-isiRashiya kwakuwulimi bayithanda kakhulu inkolo. Ngo zasebuntwaneni Admiral Kolchak Aleksandr vasilevich wathi: "Mina ngiyindlela Orthodox, kuze kufike isikhathi sokupheleliswa ukungena yabo esikoleni eyinhloko Ngathola imfundo umndeni ngaphansi kokuqondisa kwabazali bazo." Ngemva kokufunda iminyaka emithathu (1885-1888) ngesikhathi Petersburg sokuzivocavoca classical, u-Alexander abasha Kolchak ingena esikoleni Sea. Kwaba kukhona ukuthi AV Kolchak, undunankulu we Russian Navy, kuqala ifunda isayensi oluhle ngemikhumbi yempi, okuyinto esikhathini esizayo kuyoba imbangela zokuphila kwakhe. Ucwaningo e-Naval School wavula namakhono avelele kanye namakhono-AV Kolchak seamanship.

Ikusasa Admiral Kolchak, Biography emfushane ebonisa ukuthi uthando lwakhe main waqala ukuhamba futhi ulwandle ezamehlela. Kwakungenxa 1890 eyishumi nesithupha ingane ubusosha abasha kuqale ukuvela isikhala ulwandle. Kwathi abagibele frigate armored "Prince Pozharsky." Ukuqeqeshwa yalolu hambo lwathatha cishe izinyanga ezintathu. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi a ubusosha junior Alexander Kolchak wathola amakhono lokuqala nolwazi esiwusizo sokuba nezinto eziqondile seamanship. Kamuva, lapho betadisha Sea ubusosha Corps, A. V Kolchak ngokuphindiwe uphumele ukulwa. umkhumbi wakhe kuqeqeshwa kwaba "Rurik" futhi "Cruiser". Ngenxa imikhankaso ezemfundo, AV Kolchak saba ngaphansi ukufunda Oceanography futhi Hydrology, kanye navigation amabalazwe imisinga kwamanzi ngasogwini Korea.

ucwaningo polar

Ekupheleni Naval College uLieutenant abasha Alexander Kolchak ethumela umbiko kusevisi asolwandle ePacific. Isicelo sivunyiwe futhi wathunyelwa omunye amakhanda ulwandle zasePacific Fleet. Ngo-1900, u-Admiral Kolchak, ogama biography buhlobene eduze ucwaningo of e-Arctic Ocean, ithunyelwa uhambo lokuqala polar. Okthoba 10, 1900, ngesikhathi isimemo isihambi abadumile Baron Eduarda Tollya, iqembu labacwaningi ebekwe. Inhloso bomkhankaso kwaba ukunquma umsuka kwendawo esiqhingini ongaqondakali Sannikov Land. Ngo-February 1901 Kolchak wenza umbiko enkulu mayelana Omkhulu Northern Expedition.

Ngo-1902, a ngokhuni Whaling kaseyili "Zarya" Kolchak futhi Toll futhi wathuthela hambo enyakatho. Ehlobo lika ngonyaka ofanayo, wabahloli ezine ezaziholwa ikhanda bomkhankaso Eduardom Tollem usenazo waya inja ledding ukuhlola nogu Arctic. Ngakolunye akekho wabuya. I ukucinga eside uhambo olahlekile akuzange kulethe imiphumela. Yonke iqembu we kaseyili "Dawn" waphoqeleka ukuba abuyele ezwekazini. Ngemva kwesikhashana A. V Kolchak uhambisa isicelo Russian Academy of Sciences kabusha uhambo kuya eNyakatho ye siqhingi. Inhloso ngqangi yalo emkhankasweni kwaba ukuthola amalungu ethimba E. Toll sika. Ngenxa yalokho, ekufuneni iminonjana iqembu ulahlekile atholakele. Nokho, amalungu eziphilayo leqembu ayehambe ngayo. Ukuze iqhaza A. wokutakula uhambo V Kolchak waklonyeliswa Imperial Order "St uVladimir" degree 4th. Umphumela zocwaningo leqembu polar Aleksandr vasilevich Kolchak wakhethwa ilunga eliphelele Russian Umphakathi Geographical.

Ingxabano sokulwa Japan (1904-1905)

Kusukela ekuqaleni kuka-Russian-Japanese War A. V Kolchak ucela ukuhumusha kusuka Academy ngokwesayensi lempi lasemanzini. Ngemva kokuthola imvume, uyahamba ukukhonza e Port Arthur ukuze Admiral S. O. Makarovu, induna Pacific Fleet. A. V Kolchak esimisiwe induna umchithi "uthukuthele." izinyanga eziyisithupha undunankulu esizayo alwa ngobuqhawe ngoba abantu ePort Arthur. Nokho, naphezu ngxabano yiqhawe le nqaba wawa. I amasosha Russian umaluju. Kwenye yezimpi Kolchak ilimele futhi iwela esibhedlela Japanese. Nge-American usonkontileka lempi, u-Alexander Kolchak nezinye izikhulu yebutho Russian abangu abuyela ezweni lawo. Ukuze ubuqhawe bakhe nesibindi Aleksandr vasilevich Kolchak waklonyeliswa okuzisholo inkemba segolide nayo lendondo yesiliva "Ngo inkumbulo yempi Russian-Japanese."

Kuchubeka imisebenzi yesayensi

Ngemva iholidi olunezinyanga eziyisithupha Kolchak futhi wabe umsebenzi ucwaningo. Isihloko umsebenzi wakhe ososayensi ekwelapheni polar mikhankaso izinto. imisebenzi Scientific of Oceanology futhi umlando ucwaningo polar wasiza usosayensi abasha ukuze uwine udumo nenhlonipho emphakathini ngokwesayensi. Ngo-1907 kwafika ukushicilelwa inguqulo yakhe umsebenzi Martina Knudsena le "Amathebula umnkantsha iphuzu lamanzi olwandle." wokulandisa kombhali "Ice we Kara futhi laseSiberia iziLwandle," esanyatheliswa ngo-1909. Inani imisebenzi A. V Kolchaka kwaba iqiniso lokuthi yena kuqala wabeka isifundiso ice ulwandle. Russian Umphakathi Geographical wayezazisa kwezesayensi usosayensi, wamnika umklomelo kunawo wonke "Golden Medal of Constantine." A. V Kolchak owayemncane labacwaningi polar abahlomulisiwe le ndondo okusezingeni eliphezulu. Zonke ababengaphambi naningabafokazi, futhi kuphela waba Russian mark yokuqala okusezingeni eliphezulu yehluke ngokwengeziwe.

Ukuvuselelwa ngoxhaxha Russian

Ukulahlekelwa empini Russian-Japanese kunzima kakhulu ukubekezelela izikhulu Russian. Ingabe ayikho into okuthiwa ihlukile futhi AV Kolchak Umkhuzi nomhloli wamazwe emoyeni by ubizo. Eqhubeka ukufunda izimbangela kokunqotshwa Russian Army, Kolchak umatasatasa neqhinga lokubhekelela ukuthi ukuze kwakhiwe i-Naval Jikelele Abasebenzi. Embikweni wakhe yesayensi, waveza umbono wakhe ngale izimbangela ukunqotshwa lempi empini, ngalokho Russia lidinga lasolwandle, futhi kutjengisa ubuthakathaka e ikhono ukuzivikela lwemikhumbi. Izinkulumo ku Duma linganikeziwe kahle, ishiye e- Navy Jikelele Abasebenzi AV Kolchak (Admiral). Biography nezithombe isikhathi uqinisekise aye nokufundisa kileso Naval Academy. Naphezu ukuntuleka kwemfundo zezemfundo, ubuholi Academy wammemela eyayinesihloko isihloko izenzo ngokuhlanganyela balelo butho nezinye lasolwandle. Ngo-April 1908 AV Kolchak waklonyeliswa erenki likakaputeni we isikhundla 2nd. Ngemva kweminyaka emihlanu, ngo-1913, wakhushulelwa isikhundla sokuba ukaputeni 1st isikhundla.

Ukuhlanganyela A. V Kolchaka eMpini Yezwe I.

Kusukela ngo-September 1915 Aleksandr vasilevich Kolchak kuholela Imayini Division of the aseBaltic Fleet. Wamisa khona edolobheni eliyitheku Reval (manje Tallinn). Umsebenzi oyinhloko we-division kwaba ukuthuthukiswa minefields futhi ukufakwa yabo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umlawuli mathupha olwenziwa kuphangwa asolwandle ukuqeda imikhumbi isitha. It is bayahlonishwa amatilosi abavamile nezinduna ukuhlukana. Isibindi namasu umkhuzi wathola ukwazisa wonke lasemanzini, kwaba-dolobha. April 10, 1916 AV Kolchak ukhushuliwe elisezingeni Russian Navy engemuva Admiral. Futhi ngo-June 1916 ngesinqumo somthetho koMbusi uNicholas II, Kolchak waklonyeliswa isihloko amaphini Umkhuzi, futhi wamiswa induna Black Sea Fleet. Ngakho, u-Alexander Kolchak, Admiral yemikhumbi isiRashiya, eba Admirals omncane.

Ukufika i team lisebenza futhi abanekhono yatholwa ngenhlonipho enkulu. Kusukela ezinsukwini lokuqala Kolchak setha isiyalo eqinile komholi ithimba lasolwandle. The main umsebenzi amasu - ukusula ulwandle yempi isitha. Ukuze kufezwe lo msebenzi ahlinzekwa uvala nezimbobo Bulgarian futhi amanzi Bosphorus. Waqala ukusebenza misela isitha ezingwini. Lo mkhumbi Admiral Kolchak kungenzeka ngokuvamile kubonakala ukulwa kanye nemisebenzi wezindlela. Fleet Commander mathupha asiqaphile isimo olwandle. Ukusebenza olukhethekile okumba Bosphorus nesicelo yokumelwa okusheshayo ku waseConstantinople sivunyiwe uNicholas II. Nokho kwakwakhiwa operation lempi akwenzekanga, zonke izinhlelo wephule Februwari revolution.

ukuvukela Revolutionary ngo-1917

Izenzakalo Februwari Revolution-1917 wabanjwa Kolchak e Batumi. Kuyinto kuleli dolobha Georgian Admiral nomhlangano Grand Duke Nikolaem Nikolaevichem induna eCaucasus Front. I-ajenda kwaba ukuxoxa esimisweni okuthumela ukwakhiwa itheku e Trabzon (Turkey). Emva kokuthola incwadi yocingo oyimfihlo Jikelele Abasebenzi Icebo lika wezempi e Petrograd, Admiral ngokushesha wabuyela Sevastopol. Ekubuyeleni kwakhe e-yindlunkulu Black Sea Fleet, Admiral A. V Kolchak ukunika umyalelo ngiwuqede yocingo kanye eCrimea leposi izixhumanisi nezinye izifunda of the Empire, Russian. Ngaleyo ndlela ekuvimbeleni ukusakazeka amahemuhemu netwetwe lasolwandle. Zonke amathelegramu wathola kuphela yindlunkulu Black Sea Fleet.

Ngokungafani ngesimo esikhona e-Baltic Fleet, isimo oLwandle Olumnyama bekulokhu ngaphansi kokulawula undunankulu. AV Kolchak osekuyisikhathi eside ngoxhaxha Black Sea ngokuwa wamavukelambuso. Nokho, izenzakalo zezombusazwe kungukuthi lidlule. Ngo-June 1917, isinqumo soMkhandlu Sevastopol, Admiral Kolchak isuswe kusukela ubuholi Sea Fleet. Phakathi nezingxoxo ezithembisayo zokuqedwa kwezikhali Kolchak phambi kwababusi abangaphansi kwakhe Breaks yokunikeza inkemba segolide uthi: "Ulwandle yanginika umklomelo, Ngingumfana kolwandle futhi ubuyisele umklomelo."

Ukuphila komkhaya Umkhuzi Russian

UZandile Fedorovna Kolchak (Omirova), unkosikazi umlawuli omkhulu wamabutho asolwandle, kwaba noblewoman sitholwa njengefa. UZandile wazalwa ngo-1876 Kamenetz-Podolsk. Ubaba - Feodor vasilevich Omirov, azitshelwa iKhansela ka-Imperial seNkosi, umama - Daria Fyodorovna Kamensky, wenzalo ka-uMajor General VF Kamensky. Sofia Fyodorovna wathola imfundo e le Smolny Institute for Noble emaNtombazaneni. , Wesifazane omuhle nginenhliziyo, owayemazi ngokuseduze izilimi eziningana ezivela kwamanye amazwe, eseneminyaka ezimele kakhulu emvelweni.

Wedding ka-Aleksandru Vasilyevich kwaba at St Harlampios Isonto Irkutsk 5 Mashi 1904. Ngemva komshado, umyeni osemusha eshiya umkakhe futhi uya impi ekumeleleni ePort Arthur. S.F.Kolchak nge svokrom ethunyelwe Petersburg. Kukho konke ukuphila kwami UZandile Fyodorovna bahlala bethembekile nokuzinikela umkakhe obufanele. Izincwadi kuye kodwa njalo liqala ngala mazwi: "othandekayo wami, nothandiweyo wami, Sasha." Futhi iphela: ". Wena Sonia onothando" Ukuthinta izinhlamvu unkosikazi Admiral Kolchak ogwini kuze kube sezinsukwini zokugcina. ngokwahlukana Permanent akazange avumele abangane bomshado ngokuvamile kubonakala. Military ubophekile kispolneniyu izikweletu.

Namanje isikhashana ezingavamile emihlangano kwenjabulo ayizange iphumelele engumyeni onothando. Sofia Fyodorovna wazala izingane ezintathu. indodakazi Okokuqala Tatiana wazalwa ngo-1908, kodwa-ke, akazange aphile isikhathi eside ngenyanga, umfana wafa. Rostislav indodana wazalwa Mashi 9, 1910 (wafa ngo-1965). Kwaba Margaret (1912-1914) ingane yesithathu ekhaya. Lapho nabaphunyukayo amaJalimane ka Libau (Liepaja, Latvia) intombazane wabanjwa umkhuhlane futhi washona ngemva nje. unkosikazi Kolchak sika esehlale isikhathi esithile e Gatchina ke e Libava. Esikhathini amabhomu kwedolobha umndeni Kolchak sika waphoqeleka ukuba ashiye uyisiphephelo sakhe. Ngemva ukuhlangana kwakhe izinto, uSophia wathuthela umyeni wakhe e Helsinki, lapho ngaleso sikhathi sokuhlala of Abasebenzi of the aseBaltic Fleet.

Kuyinto kuleli dolobha ngajwayelana Anna UZandile Timireva - zokugcina uthando sezempi yini. Kwabe sekulandela hambisa Sevastopol. Yonke inkathi kulwiwa, wayelinde ngomyeni wakhe. Ngo-1919 Sofia Kolchak nendodana yakhe bathutha. umbimbi British ukubasiza uthole e Constanta, Bucharest ngaleso sikhathi wayesesangweni Paris. Ukubona nesimo esinzima yezezimali ukuthuthela kwelinye izwe, Sofia Kolchak wakwazi ukunikeza indodana yakhe imfundo esezingeni elifanele. Rostislav Aleksandrovich Kolchak iziqu Higher School Yokusebenzelana Kwamazwe wasebenza isikhathi esithile e-Algeria uhlelo yasebhange. Ngo-1939, indodana Kolchak sika esima phambi ibutho isiFulentshi, futhi ngokushesha ewela basekuthunjweni German.

Sofia Kolchak usinde kweJalimane eParis. Ukufa unkosikazi Admiral sika eze esibhedlela Lyunzhyumo (France) ngo-1956. S.F.Kolchak wangcwatshwa emathuneni zabantu abasuka Russian e-Paris. Ngo-1965 uyafa Rostislav Aleksandrovich Kolchak. isiphephelo lokugcina nendodana ka undunankulu kuyoba ethuneni French e Sainte-Genevieve-des-Bois.

Kugcine Love Umkhuzi Russian

Anna Vasilevna Timireva - indodakazi yezindawo ezivelele umqhubi Russian futhi umculi V I. Safonova. Anna wazalwa ngo Kislovodsk e 1893. Admiral Kolchak futhi Anna Timireva wahlangana ngo-1915 e Helsingfors. Umyeni wakhe wokuqala - uCaptain 1st Rank Sergey Nikolaevich Timirev. Indaba uthando Admiral Kolchak namanje esivusa bababuke maqondana lo muntu wesifazane Russian. Thanda nokuzinikela kwamenza hamba ukuboshwa yokuzithandela ngemva lover wakhe. ukuboshwa Endless nokuxoshwa abakwazanga ukuchitha kwemizwa yothando ejule wayemthanda Umkhuzi wakhe kwaze kwaba sekufeni kwakhe. Njengoba ngasinda ukukhishwa Admiral Kolchak ngo-1920, u-Anna Timireva eminyakeni eminingi ezayo yokufeza ekudingisweni. ngo-1960 kuphela walaliswa avuselelwa, wahlala enhloko-dolobha. Anna V. wafa January 31, 1975.

uhambo angaphandle

Ekubuyeleni kwakhe e-Petrograd ngo-1917, u-Admiral Kolchak (isithombe lapho ibhalwa ku-athikili yethu) wathola isimemo esemthethweni evela e-US umsebenzi zamanxusa. abalingani Foreign, ngokwazi nakho kwakhe okukhulu uma okwami, ucele Uhulumeni wesikhashana ukuze A. V Kolchaka njengoba isazi wezempi izimpi anti-ngwenya. AF Kerensky unikeza imvume yakhe ahambe aye. Admiral Kolchak ngokushesha wathumela eNgilandi bese eMelika. Wachitha khona iseluleko yakhe yempi futhi wathatha ukuhlanganyela ngenkuthalo ukuqeqeshwa aqondisa US Naval imikhumbi.

Noma kunjalo Kolchak babekholelwa ukuthi uhambo bakhe bezinye izizwe kuhlulekile, futhi kwanqunywa ukuba ngibuyele eRussia. Nakuba e-San Francisco, Admiral wathola incwadi yocingo uhulumeni ukuba isiphakamiso ukugijima ababamele LoMhlangano. Kwafika Okthoba Revolution , wasihlephula zonke izinhlelo Kolchak. Izindaba kwavukelwa wamavukelambuso zastaot ke ethekwini Japanese eYokohama. Ukumisa isikhashana eyathatha kwaze kwaba yilapho kuwa 1918.

Izenzakalo kulwiwa e isiphetho A. V Kolchaka

Ngemva kakhulu ezulazulayo phesheya AV Kolchak Septhemba 20, 1918 wabuyela ezweni Russian Vladivostok. Kulomuzi, Kolchak wayetadisha isimo ezindabeni zezempi kanye nemizwelo mbuso ka abantu empumalanga yezwe. Ngalesi sikhathi, uye wasibonisa ngokuphindaphindiwe umphakathi Russian ne sipho ukuhola ekulweni amaBolshevik. Okthoba 13, 1918 Kolchak kuziwa Omsk ukusungulwa umyalo ngokuhlanganyela sokuzithandela wamabutho empumalanga. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile emzini kukhona kombuso wezempi. AV Kolchak - Admiral Supreme umbusi waseRussia. Lokho isikhundla izikhulu Russian ukuphathiswa Alexander Vasilyevich.

ibutho Kolchak sika baba ngaphezu kuka-150 eziyinkulungwane. Man. I eza emandleni Admiral Kolchak ilethe sonke isifunda esisempumalanga yezwe, ababenethemba lokuthola ukusungula uhulumeni wobushiqela eqinile oda. namandla ukuphathwa wokwehlayo kanye nenhlangano efanele isimo yasungulwa. Injongo eyinhloko yawo imfundo entsha wamabutho kwakuyinto isixhumanisi ne A. ibutho I. Denikina futhi kwemashi eMoscow. Ngesikhathi kubusa Kolchak ke wakhipha uchungechunge oda, izimiso kanye nokumiswa. A. V Kolchak ngomunye wabokuqala eRussia lasungula uphenyo emuva ekufeni asebukhosini. It ibuyiselwe imiklomelo simiso Russia tsarist. Ngesikhathi nokulahla ibutho Kolchak kwaba yegolide enkulu yezwe, lapho liye lakhishwa kusukela eMoscow kuze kube Kazan ukuze eminye ukuthuthela England nase-Canada. Ngale mali Admiral Kolchak (izithombe ongawabona ngenhla) enikeziwe izikhali futhi ukuhlomisa ibutho lakhe.

Ukulwa indlela, futhi ukuboshwa Admiral

Phakathi ukhona Eastern Front Kolchak futhi ozakwabo zakhe wayifeza eziningana ngempumelelo ukulwa kuhlasela (Perm, Kazan bese Simbirsk operation). Nokho, ukuphakama kwamanani ka iRed Army enganikanga ukuzivocavoca ukuthwebula grand imingcele waseRussia entshonalanga. Esinye isici esibalulekile kwaba ukukhashelwa umbimbi.

Januwari 15, 1920 Kolchak waboshwa wathunyelwa ejele e-Irkutsk. Ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa Commission Olumangalisayo isiqale inqubo uphenyo nge singabaze Admiral. AV Kolchak Admiral (amarekhodi kokuphenywa uyakufakazela lokhu), igcinwe ngokwanele kakhulu phakathi nophenyo. Cheka abaphenyi kuqashelwe ukuthi yonke imibuzo Admiral waphendula kalula ngokucacile, ngaphandle kokunikeza noma iyiphi amagama nozakwabo. ukuboshwa Kolchak wathatha uFebhuwari 6, kuze kube seqophelweni lokuba izinsalela nebutho lakhe besondela e-Irkutsk. Februwari 7, 1920 kwi lomfula Ushakovka Umkhuzi wadutshulwa waphonswa emgodini. Ngakho mina icekela indodana omkhulu lonke izwe lakubo.

On izenzakalo impi empumalanga yeRussia ekwindla ka-1918 kuya ekupheleni kuka-1919, yabhalwa "Eastern Front Admiral Kolchak", umlobi - S. V volkov.

Iqiniso kanye eqanjiwe

Kuze kube namuhla, isiphetho le ndoda ayizange wafunda kuze kube sekupheleni. AV Kolchak - Admiral, amaqiniso engaziwa yokufa nokuphila engasasetshenziselwa sivuse isithakazelo phakathi mlando nezingqapheli abantu abangekho qakala lesi ngabanye. Enye into ngempela: impilo we Admiral - isibonelo esivelele isibindi, ubuqhawe kanye nomthwalo wemfanelo omkhulu maqondana ezweni lenkaba yawo.