Battle of Mukden: amabutho amaqembu, umlando

Februwari 19 1905, waqala impi ye Mukden. Le mpi kwaba zokuchitheka kwegazi okukhulu kunakho futhi okusakazekile kulo lonke impi Russian-Japanese. Esikhathini ukushayisana yahanjelwa abantu abangaba yizinkulungwane ezingu-500, futhi ukulahlekelwa zaba 160 ayizinkulungwane, okungukuthi cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yazo zonke amalungu Army.

Isimo ngaphambi impi

Ngobusuku obandulela impi, impi Russian kwesokunxele Liaoyang futhi avikelekile eduze Mukden. amasosha Japanese ayeseduze kakhulu, yingakho kokubili bekwi eqinisa isikhundla yabo. Umyalo ezinhlangothini ezihlukene ngaphambili, kwaba sobala ukuthi uyeza Ukungqubuzana juqu. Ngakho-ke, ibutho ngalinye ngenkuthalo kwaqinisa ezingemuva futhi ubuyise ezinhlwini zabo.

imicimbi ehlobene wayemthanda Japanese. amabutho Russian kwezinye izingxenye enkundleni yemidlalo yase-impi esebohlile ezandleni izikhundla zabo. Lokhu waphefumulela Japanese futhi ngawakhulisa morale yabo. Izwe YeJapan uvele banenkolelo yokuthi impi uzobe iwine at Mukden negazi elincane.

Isimo ibutho Russian

Ngalesi sikhathi, ibutho Russian yaqala ukusakaza amahlebezi mayelana kokugqashuka revolution ezweni. Imicimbi e Petersburg naseMoscow ugqozi esilimaza ibutho kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, luthinte ukubaleka eside, alternated nge iyunifomu abahlezi oluningi emiseleni ayecashe. Basakaza phakathi kwamasosha ukudlala amakhadi nokuphuza. Kwakukhona ababehlubukele. Isiphathamandla kwadingeka ahlele amayunithi ekhethekile babehilelekile ukudoba ngababaleki.

Kubi zokusebenza biko. Ngobusuku obandulela umyalo ukushayisana angazanga inani eliqondile isitha. Wonke umuntu wayazi ukuthi into eyodwa kuphela: impi ye Mukden, iphansi kwesandla sika-Aleksey Kuropatkin kwakuzoba nzima.

ukuhlela Abasebenzi

Kepha amaqhinga kanye namasu, umyalo Russian akazange usungula noma yini entsha. Sandepu emzaneni kwaba Iphuzu eliyinhloko okwakukhona wasithatha impi, kanti kwakukhona impi Mukden. Umkhuzi endlunkulu Kuropatkin isinqumo sokuthi le ndawo kuyoba isikhundla esikhulu Japanese.

Kuhlaselwa the Sandepu owawuhlelelwe ukuqala 25 Februwari. Ukusebenza yayilungiselela ukuhlaselwa okuqondile Army 2, okuyinto kwakudingeka anamathele uxhumano kwi ezinhlangothini. Nokho, ngisho nangaphambi umyalo impi enza amaphutha athile amabi Tactical, kamuva ubuhlungu bezikhali amabutho Russian. Ngakho, amabutho Zintathu kuphela ezazingoFakazi ngokweqile welulela yonkana phambi, okwenza zibe sengcupheni kakhulu ukuhlaselwa isitha.

Ekamu we-Japanese

Ithimba Japanese kwaba Oyama Iwao. Inhloso Its main, wayekholelwa imvelo kwezinhloko zamaviyo Russian. the flank kwesokunxele sikhethwe ukuhlasela main, njengoba kwakunjalo kunazo zonke lapho ziye welulela kwesitha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthi silungiselela punches ekuphazamisayo. Lokhu feint kwaba ukwenza Army 5th. Yayenzelwe kuhlaselwa edolobheni Fushun. Yena kungamphazamisa zigcine Russian futhi lula umsebenzi zamabutho eyinhloko amaJapane.

I-Japanese akazange abe inzuzo okuphawulekayo Umumo wezimpi. Hlula isitha ngenxa ukuphakama kwamanani kwakubangelwa akunakwenzeka. Nokho, i-permutations ebuthweni umyalo Japanese waphumelela ngendlela bokuphakama encane ezinhlangothini, lapho ayehlele inkundla eyinhloko yempi. Ukuze ukudluliswa endaweni efanayo noma kunjalo I okulungiselelwe bese bebeka asizayo.

Bonke abantu baqonda ukuthi indima kubalulekile eyadlalwa impi ye Mukden. Ubani ayala owayehlezi ayesempini - akunandaba, ngoba kwaba yilelo nalelo butho futhi phoyisa ekulungiseleleni for the test yokugcina. Ngokuthakazelisayo, ibutho Japanese empini waqeqeshwa ngochwepheshe German. Ekhatsi Tokyo, ukuphupha ngokunqoba kwakhe Sedan elandela isibonelo eJalimane, lapho sizungezwe ibutho baphoqa French sokunikela.

Ukuqala impi

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, umyalo Russian wayeya sokuhlasela isitha izinombolo 25. Nokho, ekamu isitha alungiselelwe ukulwa ngokushesha. Ngobusuku buka-18 Februwari 19, owokuqala zokumelana amaJapane. amabutho Kawamura wawashaya vanguard, elaliholwa Konstantin Alexeev. amayunithi Advanced yebutho Russian kwadingeka ashona. esiphikisayo Made enganikanga imiphumela.

Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kamuva, ngo-February 23 waqala isiphepho esikhulu seqhwa. Umoya wawuya ngakuwo bebheke Russian. I-Japanese, usebenzisa lesi sipho kuya sezulu, bangena komunye kuhlaselwa Alekseeva isikhundla. Rescue comrades saya kumlawuli we 1st Army Manchurian Nikolaya Linevicha. Ezinsukwini ezilandelayo lezi ukuhlaselwa recurred. Bakhandwa kusekelwa wezikhali yesimanje Japanese.

I lwamasonto amathathu massacre

impi Long at Mukden akwenzekanga ngosuku olulodwa. It yayiqhubeka amasonto amathathu. Kwakulwelwa endaweni enkulu futhi lalinabashumayeli ukuhlaselwa futhi counterattacks kumasayithi ezahlukene. Lapho kokudubula a ukusikhohlisa cishe ngo-amagquma eyodwa, beqale ukudubula ngakolunye flank. Lokhu uhlobo ukushayisana kwakuzoba uphawu lokuthi impi entsha, uhlobo yesimanje. Battle, okwaphela ngosuku olulodwa esikhathini esidlule. Amasosha kwadingeka akhuthazelele marathon babulawa we skirmishes abaningi, ukuhamba futhi ubuyele izikhundla zabo zangaphambili.

Esikhathini Russian lokuqala Army iphutha flank entshonalanga. Uhlangothi Japanese wenza umzamo ukugwema isitha amabutho ukuya misa, futhi abhubhise ukuxhumana isitha. Kuze kube yimanje, iqembu eliholwa Nambu iwine settlement encane Yuhuantul, kanjalo ukuphambukisa babekezelela Russian. Kuvikela lesi sikhundla zaholela ekufeni cishe lonke lamabutho 4000th.

Iinkhundla ukufohla

Ngu-March 8, umyalo Russian waqaphela usongo ekubhujisweni, okuyinto ngokuya emelelwa impi Mukden. Usuku rearrangement kwakuhlelwe suku. Army aqondisa okudingekayo ukuze abuthele wonke amabutho asele ku isibhakela olulodwa. Kodwa ngo-March 9 Japanese ihlelwe zayo ezinamandla kakhulu zonke kuhlasela impi, ekugcineni wafohla izikhundla phezu flank empumalanga. I ukwephulwa Ugcwalise amayunithi isitha. Lokhu Indathane usabise ngokuthi zavala umgwaqo, kuyindlela kuphela Mukden.

kwamabutho amabili Russian babekhona isibilisi. Ukuze ifohle ephasishi ewumngcingo wahlala. I baleka waqala ngobusuku 9 kuya ku-10 Mashi. Kuzo zombili izinhlangothi amasosha shelled isitha wezikhali. Futhi ngosuku 10 we-Japanese at izindleko ukulahlekelwa omkhulu matasa Mukden. Ngokwe-Umlando Antona Denikina, owaba nengxenye impi, ukudamba isiRashiya kwakuwulimi isiqephu sokuqala empini, lapho ebona nebutho lakhe egcwele uvalo disorganization.

Imiphumela

Ngoba kokubili emazweni, impi ye-Mukden kwaba olunegazi inyama grinder. decisive ahlula ngakho akekho usezuze. Ukuze Japanese, kwaba umzamo wokugcina impumelelo empini (kusezweni). Ngenxa yokunqoba unethemba akwenzekanga, izwe elibhekene nazo kwalasha ezezimali nezomnotho. Too izinsiza amaningi, zaziphonswa at umzamo. Ayikho ungcono kwakunjalo eRussia.

lempi Japanese waqala ukuba zitshele kusuka abaholi bezwe ukuthola isisombululo sezombusazwe ezaziyophela ingxabano. Nokho, izinguquko ezinkulu ukuze kuzuze Russia nase akwenzekanga. Ngokushesha kulandele ukushiyeka lapho Korea nasenyakatho yeChina. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokwawo unikelwé esandleni ePort Arthur. UHulumeni Petersburg avela demoralized. Ngenxa yalokho, ukuba impi iphele imvume ezinkulu phezu ingxenye yoMbuso Russian. Battle of Mukden, kwaba uphawu eliqhakazile umkhankaso. Ngo-Russian wabulala abantu 8000, amaJapane - ayizinkulungwane 15.