IMpi Yezwe Yokuqala: ubani nobani walwa? Okuphokophelwe yi-amandla yizilwi. Owalwa Russian?

IMpi Yezwe Yokuqala: ubani nobani walwa? Manje le nkinga kungenzeka ukuba ajabhise izakhamuzi eziningi. Kodwa iMpi Enkulu, njengoba ibizwa emhlabeni kuze 1939, eye yabulala abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-20, futhi kuze kube phakade washintsha inkambo yomlando. Iminyaka 4 yombuso olunegazi ziwile, sebenyamalala abantu, ukwenza imifelandawonye. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukwazi okungenani ukuthuthukiswa ezivamile.

Izizathu kugqashuka impi

Ngasekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19, isimo esibucayi-Europe Kwakusobala yonke imibuso emikhulu. Izazi-mlando eziningi nabahlaziyi zilandise izizathu ezahlukene populist ngoba kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala. Othile nabo walwa ngaphambili, abanye abantu kwakufanele nomunye lobuzalwane nokunye - konke lokhu yayibaluleke esincane noma abangenaso nhlobo emazweni amaningi. Okuphokophelwe yi-amandla alwayo kweMpi Yezwe I zazihlukile, kodwa isizathu esiyinhloko kwaba isifiso emabhizinisini amakhulu ukusakaza ithonya labo futhi sithole izimakethe ezintsha.

Okokuqala kubalulekile acabangele isifiso eJalimane, njengoba kwakunjalo yena owayenguyise umqali futhi empeleni aya empini. Kodwa-ke akudingekile ukuba singaphethi ngokuthi kuphela uMbuso German wafuna empini, futhi lonke izwe awakulungele izinhlelo ukuhlasela futhi bavikela ngokwabo kuphela.

Izinhloso Germany

Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, eJalimane liye laqhubeka landa ngokushesha. Empire waba nebutho ezinhle, izinhlobo zanamuhla izikhali, umnotho enamandla. Inkinga eyayibalulekile ukuthi amazwe German zibuswe ifulege owodwa kuphela nekhulu le-19. Yingaleso sikhathi lapho amaJalimane futhi waba umdlali enkulu enkundleni yomhlaba. Kodwa ngesikhathi kumiswa eJalimane njengenhlangano evumelekile ngokomthetho ngamandla amakhulu lulahlekile phakathi kwenqubo yokwakhiwa kwamakoloni asebenzayo. Britain, iFrance, eRussia nakwamanye amazwe kwadingeka amakoloni eziningi. Bevula emakethe kuhle inhlokodolobha lala mazwe uvumele ukuthi ube nakho amaholo aphansi, inala yokudla kanye izimpahla ezithile. EJalimane, kwakungelula. Lezimpahla ukukhiqiza ngokwedlulele kuye kwaholela yokujama tsi. Population ukukhula ezindaweni elilinganiselwe ikamu labo bakha kusilela ukudla. Khona-ke ubuholi German banquma ukuthuthela kude umqondo wokuba ilungu Commonwealth, ngezwi yesibili. Somewhere ngasekupheleni izimfundiso zezombusazwe kwekhulu le-19 zaziqondiswe kubantu ukwakhiwa koMbuso Wase-German njengoba amandla omhlaba anothile. Futhi kuphela indlela eya kuso - empini.

Ngonyaka ka-1914 IMpi Yezwe Yokuqala: owalwela?

Amanye amazwe wacabanga ngendlela efanayo. I capitalists abangu baphokophelele ohulumeni bazo zonke amazwe amakhulu ukuba ukunwetshwa. Russia lokuqala zonke yayifuna ukuhlanganisa zibuswe yayo njengoba emazweni amaningi Slavic ngangokunokwenzeka, ikakhulukazi emazweni aseBalkan, lapho abantu bendawo beqotho ukusekelwa okunjalo.

I indima ebalulekile eyadlalwa Turkey. abadlali omhlaba anothile eduze ukubukela wokugoqa yoMbuso WaseTurkey, futhi walinda isikhathi ukuluma off ucezu lokhu giant. Inkinga futhi ukulindela kwezwakala kulo lonke elaseYurophu. Kwaba nohide lwezinkulumo-ezimpini ezichitha igazi endaweni manje ebizwa ngokuthi iYugoslavia, ngemva kwalokho kulandele kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala. Othile naye walwa emazweni aseBalkan, ngezinye izikhathi abazikhumbulanga abendawo ka lwamaSlav aseNingizimu amazwe ngokwabo. amasosha Osozimali waxosha phambili, ukushintsha obambisene nabo, kuye ngokuthi inzuzo. Kwakusobala ukuthi kungenzeka into wokuvelela ngaphezu ukungqubuzana lendawo, okuzokwenzeka emazweni aseBalkan. Futhi kwenzeka kanjalo. Ekupheleni kuka June, uGavrilo Princip okwadutshulwa ngalo iNkosana uFerdinand. Austria-Hungarian Empire yasebenzisa lesi senzakalo ibhaxa zimemezele impi.

okulindelwe amaqembu

Belligerents ka kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, izwe akusho bacabanga ukuthi kuyoholela ingxabano. Uma ukukufunda ngokuningiliziwe amacebo amaqembu, kusobala ngokucacile ukuthi umuntu elizonqoba ngenxa ukuqala ngokushesha. On the lokulwa wanikezwa akukho kuka izinyanga ezimbalwa. Lokhu kwakubangelwa okuhlanganisa neqiniso lokuthi ubungekona izibonelo ezinjalo emlandweni lapho cishe wonke amandla abathintekayo empini.

IMpi Yezwe Yokuqala: Ngubani walwa no bani?

Ngobusuku obandulela 1914, izinyunyana ezimbili setiphetsiwe, futhi-Triple Entente. Isigaba sokuqala sihlanganisa Russia, Britain, iFrance. In the yesibili - eJalimane, e-Austria-Hungary, i-Italy. amazwe ezincane banobunye emhlabeni enye yalezi izinyunyana, lapho kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala. Owalwa Russian? Nge Bulgaria, Turkey, eJalimane, e-Austria-Hungary, i-Albania. Kanye eziningi amabutho kwamanye amazwe.

Ngemva obumbi Balkan, kodwa leyo ndawo yeshashalazi ezimbili eziyinhloko kwemisebenzi usumisiwe Europe - eMpumalanga naseNtshonalanga. Ukulwa kwenzeka ngo eCaucasus futhi amakoloni ahlukahlukene eMpumalanga Ephakathi nase-Afrika. Kunzima kubala bonke izingxabano ukuthi emenza kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala. Othile naye walwa, kwakuxhomeke ubulungu union ethile kanye nezicelo indawo. Ngokwesibonelo, eFrance isikhathi eside wafuna uphinde ukwazi Alsace walahleka Lorraine. Kodwa Turkey - ezweni Armenia.

Russian Empire impi wama phandle eqolo. Kepha akusikho lokho kuphela ngokuya kwezomnotho. On the izimpi amabutho Russian babhekana ukulahlekelwa olusindayo.

Lena enye yezindlela okwakubonakala izimbangela Okthoba Revolution, lapho kwamiswa ngenxa isimo sezenhlalo. Abantu nje abaqondi ukuthi kungani luphumelele izinkulungwane ithunyelwa West, babuyela ambalwa.
Lwalunamandla ngokuyisisekelo nje onyakeni wokuqala empini. Okwalandela elinesimo umzabalazo positional. amakhilomitha amaningi imisele, elamiswa ezihlukahlukene ezingenakubalwa izakhiwo ukuzivikela enambiwa.

Atmosphere positional impi unomphela kahle kakhulu echazwe encwadini Remarque sika "Zonke epholile kwi Western Front." Kwakuthinta ayesempini abangu kutsho izimpilo lamasosha emnothweni lamazwe ukusebenza kuphela impi, yokunciphisa izindleko zonke ezinye izikhungo. abayizigidi ezingu-11 izimpilo zomphakathi kunokuba aye empini amangalelwe kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala. Othile naye walwa? Impendulo yalo mbuzo ingaba yinye kuphela: i capitalists ngokumelene capitalists.