Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali ubisi

indlala mammary - omunye izitho ezibaluleke kakhulu emzimbeni abesifazane yazo zonke izilwane ezincelisayo. Le ndlala synthesizes ubisi, okuyinto ukudla kuphela ezinganeni zabo kusaqalwa yentuthuko nangemuva kokuzalwa komntwana. indlala mammary ezilwaneni uvame ukubizwa ngokuthi umbele. Umbele wenkomazi siqukethe nezindlala ezine ezihlukene. Ngalinye ihlukaniswe yensimbi ezigxotsheni (inkomo zabo - 5-20), ingxenye ngayinye - zibe tincetu. Uhlelo oluyisisekelo oluthi iyunithi kwesakhiwo obusebenzayo indlala iyona alveolus, okuyinto ligubuzelwe inethiwekhi aminyene capillary. Ubisi - uhlelo polydisperse ehlanganisa kweqiniso futhi izixazululo colloidal, ukumiswa kanye emulsions. ubisi Inkomo sika uketshezi nomhlophe kanye umthunzi aphuzi, ukunambitheka elinambitheka sashukela kanye iphunga.

Ubisi kwemiqondo kule alveoli, ngokwengxenye - e Amapayipi amancane naphakathi excretory. Imfihlo okuholela iza Amapayipi amakhulu, bese aqoqana isitsha ubisi. Ngaphezu kwalokho zithutha ku umsele embeleni futhi adedelwa imvelo. imisebenzi indlala mammary isikhathi lactation, ozobakhona izinsuku mayelana 300.

Ubisi - omunye ukudla esiyinhloko abantu nezilwane. It is namaprotheni, lipids, ama-carbohydrate. Amaphrotheni ubisi izinkomo kugaywe at 96-99%, lipids - 95, ama-carbohydrate - 98%.

Kubantu ukudla ngokuvamile zisebenzisa ubisi izinkomo, kancane - izimbuzi, mares, amakamela, izinyathi, izinyamazane nabesifazane, zebu kanye yak.

I amakhemikhali ukwakheka ubisi

kungathi izingalo ezingamakhulu amabili izinto ngabanye eziqukethwe ubisi. Lezi zinto zehlela zingahlukaniswa zibe izingxenyana amakhulu amahlanu: usawoti, amanzi, ukudla okumahhadla lipids, amaprotheni. Ngo ubisi, amanzi angaba khona ezifundeni ezimbili: mahhala futhi eboshiwe. Lapho nigxile, iphele kanye nezinye izinhlobo zokwelapha, amanzi khulula isuswe kalula. amanzi Bound liyingxenye solvate amagobolondo polydisperse izinhlelo. Ngo fresh ubisi lokuhlushwa amanzi lesibopho mayelana 3.5% kuma 2.6% yesikimu.

I amaprotheni Ukwakheka ubisi. I lokuhlushwa namaprotheni ubisi sezinkomo lingafika ku-4%. ubisi yesikimu iqukethe ikakhulukazi-alpha-casein. Ngo ubisi, it yakha caseinate, i-calcium ne-phosphate eziyinkimbinkimbi, okuyinto ehilelekile kumiswa lipid spherules igobolondo; thermostable α-lactalbumin, ehilelekile biosynthesis of ubisi noshukela (lactose) kusukela monosaccharides (galactose, glucose); β-lactoglobulin denatures e konemimoya kokungathathi hlangothi (pH = 7) bafudumale 70 ° C.

Globulin ubisi ngezimiso eziphakeme isisindo yamangqamuzana (kufika ku 1 Mill. YEBO), e isakhiwo yabo-molecule kuhlanganisa isakhi carbohydrate, bona abonise property enzyme (lipooksidaz). Non-amaprotheni nitrogen ethulwa ubisi urea futhi ngezinye acid okungenani acid, purine elisekela futhi creatine.

I-carbohydrate Ukwakheka ubisi. Ikakhulu carbohydrate ethulwa ubisi lactose (isilinganiso 4.7%), monosaccharides (glucose, galactose) kanye esters wali band amino ushukela monosaccharides. I lokuhlushwa eliphezulu kakhulu lactose kubhaliswe ku ubisi obhejane.

I lipid Ukwakheka ubisi. Ukwakheka ubisi fat siqukethe triacylglycerols, sterols, sterols, phospholipids futhi glycolipids. okuhlushwa zabo ubisi izilwane kuxhomeke ezicini eziningana (lactation, zohlobo, ukudla, njll). Izinsalela ubisi fat okuningi stearic, palmitic, myristic futhi acid oleic.

Vitamin Ukwakheka ubisi. ubisi Inkomo liqukethe isamba elanele njengoba amafutha (A, D, no-E) kanye encibilikayo (PP, B1, B2, C) amavithamini. Ukuze kwandiswe lokuhlushwa amavithamini e ubisi izilwane zondlekile raznoobraznyme izifunzo ukuthi ezinothe ngamavithamini ekudleni iqondiswa Vitamin ugxilisa A, B noma E. ubisi iqukethe zombala: carotenes, chlorophylls futhi lactoflavin, kuncike ingqondo umbala ubisi.

Omunye nemiphumela ethile engathandeki ubisi powder ukuthi oluphakeme nzima alulame esimweni liquid. Nokho, Lo mkhiqizo ikhiqizwa iminyaka engaphezu kuka-110, ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali ubisi oluyimpuphu kuhlukile esimweni sayo sendalo, ukuze ubisi ketshezi ziwusizo kakhulu.