Kokufa impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu "Varyag" (kafushane). Usuku, umlando, indawo sokufa

I impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu "Varyag" lakhiwa 1899. Lo mkhumbi wawuyingxenye imikhumbi Pacific. Ngobusuku obandulela neMpi Russian-Japanese "Varyag" Ngaya echwebeni kokungathathi hlangothi Korean ka Inch'on (Incheon yesimanje). Bheka anawo embasi Russian ngesikhathi. Kwakuwusuku gunboat "Korean 'isitsha sesibili ezinjalo.

Ngobusuku obandulela impi

Ngobusuku obandulela entsha 1904 uCaptain Vsevolod Rudnev wathola imfihlo umlayezo oyimfihlo. Kwabikwa ukuthi umbusi Korean wafunda ukuthi ukunyakaza lwemikhumbi eziyishumi Japanese maqondana Chemulpo (kokufa impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu "Varyag" iphutha ngesikhathi esisodwa e ethekwini echwebeni). Kuze kube manje, akukho akukho mpi, kodwa womabili la mazwe ngenkuthalo ukulungiselela ke. ERussia, amaJapane iphathwa condescendingly, ngenxa yalokho kwezempi lasolwandle esesimweni esinzima, lapho impi aphumelela ngobuqotho.

imikhumbi Japanese elaliholwa Admiral Sotokiti Uriu. imikhumbi yakhe efika ogwini of Korea ukumboza kokwehla. I weqembu lemikhumbi wawuwukuvimba "Varyag", uma unquma ukuba uphume ethekwini futhi angenele ukudluliswa yebutho umhlaba. Januwari 27 (Old Style), imikhumbi isitha uvele emanzini asogwini. Kwakuwusuku lokuqala impi Russian-Japanese.

Isimo e-port yanoma Inch'on nzima ngenxa yokuthi kwakukhona izitsha kwamanye amazwe: UK, France, Italy nase-United States. Ekuseni ngo-January 27 Umkhuzi Japanese Uriu yathumela amanxusa abo umlayezo ukuthi wayezomvusa ukuhlasela Russian imikhumbi. Kule ndaba, imikhumbi kokungathathi hlangothi baxoshwa phezulu komgwaqo amahora angu-16 ukuze abazi beze ngaphansi umlilo. BaseYurophu aziswe uCaptain Rudnev ngokuvimbela Japanese. Kwacaca ukuthi impi akunakugwenywa, naphezu ukuphulwa okuqondile kwezimiso umthetho wamazwe ngamazwe (drama kukhala aphume ezweni port wesithathu).

Indlelanchubo yekusebentisa yemikhumbi-Japanese

Ngu ekuseni useqede ukufika ngamabutho ayizinkulungwane ezintathu umhlaba. Manje imikhumbi sezedlule kusuka endaweni ukulwa nakwezempi imikhumbi ingawagwema ziqale ukwenza amalungiselelo kuhlasela okuzayo. Imbobo kwaba umlilo ebonakalayo lokufikela amaJapane. Isitha ngamabomu nasengqondweni becindezelwa amatilosi Russian. Ukufa nobuqhawe we impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu "Varyag" yabonisa ukuthi zonke lemizamo awusona isehluleki. amatilosi Russian futhi amaphoyisa enawulungiselelwa lutho, nakuba ukulinda nijabhise kuhlasela isitha futhi abanalusizo ukubukela ukusebenza kokwehla.

Phakathi naleso sikhathi, izinduna izitsha abangabokufika wathumela umbhikisho esibhaliwe Japanese. Leli phepha engathathi ukusebenza. Ayikho enye izinyathelo abezinye izizwe akazange alinge. Besuka emikhunjini yabo ethekwini futhi musa ubonise ngokwabo ngesikhathi ukulwa. impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu Russian kanye gunboat wavinjwa olwandle. Phumani ku yolwandle oluvulekile, zazingenakukwazi ngoba umgwaqo ovaliwe imikhumbi Japanese lwemikhumbi eziyishumi. Ukufa alandelayo impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu "Varyag" kwenzeka kubangelwe ukukhubazeka kanye umyalo nokuwubuwula kokusebenza e Port Arthur. Navy izinduna baziphathe ikwenze. Abazange bazame ukuvimba inhlekelele, nakuba sekutholakala imibiko bathandaze imikhumbi Japanese efika izinyanga ezedlule.

"Varyag" eshiya Chemulpo

UCaptain Vsevolod Rudnev, ngoba siqaphela ukuthi ulinde usizo nabezizwe noma ababaphethe siqu uyize leze, ngakho banquma ukuhlukana aphume bay futhi uthathe ukulwa. Ayikho umbuzo Zinikeleni abakwazanga ukuya lula. Ngezinye 10 ekuseni, induna bafike endaweni impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu futhi watshela iziphathimandla ngesinqumo sakhe. Umbono jikelele sithathwe ngokuhlanganyelwa - ukuzama ukuze ifohle iye, futhi uma umzamo ehluleka, bese liyazika umkhumbi.

odokotela baqala ukulungiselela kuqala ukulwa. Odokotela, abahlengikazi kanye abezimo eziphuthumayo ifakwe sigqoka esiteshini. Ngoba ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ezizayo, bakhohliwe ukuthi iphupho - kwadingeka basebenze kanzima kakhulu. Ngezinye 11:00 Rudnev wenza inkulumo ngaphambi nje kokuba lonke iqembu. Amatilosi asekelwe likakaputeni elikhulu "Hurray!". Ayikho ukufa omunye bogey we impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu "Varyag", akekho owayefuna ukuba siyeke, izandla zakhe eligoqiwe kusengaphambili. Okufanayo kwaba impendulo "Korean". Ngisho umpheki, owayeyilungu abasebenzi abangekho empini wenqaba ukushiya umkhumbi futhi aphephele isikhundla. Lapho "Varyag" Kwathi esaphuma echwebeni, nabasebenza angaphandle ujenga sigxumele phezulu emikhunjini yabo. Ngakho isiFulentshi, amaNtaliyane kanye nayo iBritish uncome isibindi crew, elalisendlini phambi kwempi ukungalingani. Ukuphendula "Varyag" udlale namaculo esizwe lamazwe.

Isilinganiso amabutho

Yini isigaba kwaba ezibhekene impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu "Varyag"? Umlando nolokubhujiswa umkhumbi wawungahamba kungelokothe kube njalo, ukulwa naso kwezinye izimo zempi. umkhumbi ngamunye Japanese kwakungaphakathi ikhono lakhe. I okuhlukile "Asama" - one of the best Cruisers armored emhlabeni wonke. "Varyag" kwaba samuntu umbono walokho okubizwa ngokuthi isithunywa eqinile futhi ngesivinini. Inzuzo yayo eyinhloko e empini ayengu kugasela nehlolamvula emfushane, kodwa igalelo wokugaklazeka nesitha.

Zonke lezi zimfanelo ka "Varyag" zingachazwa kangcono khombisa olwandle, lapho wayeyoba indawo yokunyakaza. Kodwa indawo yayo futhi, kamuva, indawo kokufa impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu "Varyag" ubekade fairway ewumngcingo, egcwele Shoals namadwala. Ezimweni ezinjalo, umkhumbi awukwazanga bahlakazeka ukuhlasela ngempumelelo isitha. Ngenxa Yiqiniso omncane, lezi impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu ezingenamafutha kwadingeka ukuthi ahambe phezu fly kusukela Japanese. Ngakho-ke, umphumela impi kunqunywa kuphela isilinganiso izibhamu. Ngo nedlanzana mikhumbi yayingamamitha abaningi ukwedlula impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu nge gunboat.

Ikakhulukazi awunakusizakala baba ngenxa "Asama" khona. Izibhamu we Cruisers babe cishe invulnerable, ngoba kufihlwe ngemuva obukhulu turret zempi. Ukuze uqhathanise: ku-Russian umkhumbi wezikhali uvuliwe futhi emphemeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingxenye "Korean" zibhamu nje akusebenzi. Phakathi nempi ngokuvamile ayisebenzi.

Ukuqala impi

imikhumbi Japanese predetermined esikhundleni kokufa impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu "Varyag", emi engaba yishumi amakhilomitha ukusuka lapho Korean Chemulpo. Lapho isigaba wahlangana, mina kulandelwa isignali limbuza ukulethwa. "Varyag" ngokuziqhenya wathi lutho kulesi siphakamiso. Isibhamu okokuqala ne "Asama 'wazenza zaba amahora angaba ngu-12. Babedalelwene ngesikhathi lapho mikhumbi yayingamamitha at ibanga cishe 8 amakhilomitha ngaphandle.

Wonke umuntu wayazi ukuthi ukufa ngenakugwemeka we impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu "Varyag". Nokho, Fight, ke kwavunyelwana. imizuzu emibili emva isibhamu lokuqala Japanese waqala zeroing ohlangothini kwesokudla "Varyag". It iqondiswa Kuzma Khvatkov - Gunnery Lesiphakeme. Ngaphambi kwaliwa esibhedlela wenza emva kokuhlinzwa. Ukufunda mayelana ukulwa oluzayo, Gunnery yafuna osenyameni futhi ngokushesha waqala ebhodini "Varyag". Khvatkov nge ezingavamile isibindi sokudubula usalokhu uqhubeka ungaphazanyiswa kulo impi, ngisho nangemva yonke nabasizi bakhe abulewe kwathi amanye alimala.

I projectile uqala Japanese wabhubhisa engenhla ibhuloho acinene futhi kuphazamisekile jib shrouds. Ngenxa yalokhu, lo mlilo uqale egunjini ishadi. Kulandelwe ekuqhumeni owabulala itilosi junior Alekseya Niroda futhi signalman Gabriel Mironov. Ekucimeni umlilo waba inhloko yalawa Thimothewu Shlikov - boatswain ngokugqamile futhi sithathe izinqumo eziphusile.

Fire ebhodini

Zomusi abanzima izimpawu zokuqala ukuthi bamake kokufa impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu "Varyag". Usuku: 27 Januwari 1905 kwaba usuku isibindi nokukhuthazela izisebenzi Russian. Fire wavumela Japanese kalula ulungise umlilo isitha. Gun "Varyag" tselili ikakhulukazi "Asama". Umlilo kwaba projectiles udibi Ukubhoboza, lokho kwabahlukanisa ngempela zempi obukhulu iqhume emkhunjini. Ngakho-ke, i-umonakalo odalwe Japanese, kwaba kalula, njengoba umlilo impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu Russian.

I impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu "Asama" wahola umlilo diversionary. Yena ukuphazanyiswa amehlo "Varyag" izibhamu, ngakho eminye imikhumbi yemikhumbi Japanese kungase kungabi ndaba zalutho ukudubula isitha. Amagobolondo ngokwethukela hit ilitshe. Ngakho, kancane kancane esondela kokufa impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu "Varyag". Izithombe crew zobuqhawe umkhumbi wakhe maduze hit wonke amaphephandaba emhlabeni.

Kodwa ngosuku Januwari 27 amatilosi nezikhulu ayeyizidalwa hhayi kuze kube ngokuzayo. Ngemva komunye hit elikhanyayo emphemeni Plating. Umlilo saba bucayi kakhulu, ngoba aseduze kwakukhona uhlelo akunika amasignali, kanye nezinqolobane zommbila. Flames wazama ukucima Jets enamandla amanzi enikeziwe kusukela hose. Phakathi naleso sikhathi Gunners emi eduze izibhamu evulekile wawela khona efile ngenxa vortex olubulalayo okuseceleni okubukhali, ephakanyiswe amagobolondo isitha.

Odokotela wasebenza amehlo futhi buthule. Okuphakelayo kwalimala anda. Abantu abaye bathola ukulimala okunzima, kwadingeka amandla ukuya esibhedlela ngokwakho. Kancane kwalimala musa unake umonakalo futhi wahlala ezindaweni abasebenza. Lokhu zobuqhawe engakaze ibonwe kwaba kokufa impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu "Varyag". Futhi gunboat bese umkhumbi main kwenzeka ukuba ngaphansi ezisindayo isitha umlilo, ukuba uku ku bokuphakama zabo kwamanani.

iqhinga

Lapho "Varyag" kude ngokwakhe kusukela Chemulpo elingamakhilomitha angu induna wanquma niphendukele kwesokunene ukuze uthole phakathi komlilo bese ufaka empini inganono ohlangothini lwesobunxele. Lo mkhumbi waqala ukuwuqondisa, futhi ngalesi sikhathi umkhumbi wamshaya amagobolondo ezimbili ezinkulu. Ukufa nobuqhawe we impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu "Varyag" luye lwaba nakakhulu. Ngenxa isitsha ukuqhuma elahlekile ayo. Ingxenye doti yawela ngqo wheelhouse, lapho ngaphezu induna Babenjalo abanye abasebenzi basehhovisi kanye abaculi. wesigubhu wafa bugler indlunkulu, abaningi balimala, kodwa akekho owayefuna ukuya esibhedlela futhi ushiye Rudnev.

Ngenxa ukulahlekelwa eziqondisa wayalelwa ukuya operation manual. Akekho wafuna isitha kalula wanikezwa kokufa impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu "Varyag". impi Russian-Japanese wayesanda kuqala futhi kwaba eziseza izimpi eziningi ezinjalo, ngesikhathi imikhumbi Russian bazithola banyenti labamelene natsi. nabasebenza kuzo ngemva "Varyag" nezisebenzi yabonisa izimangaliso isibindi nokuzinikela emsebenzini.

Cruiser sidindilize kuya imikhumbi isitha ku ibanga elingamakhilomitha amahlanu. umlilo Japanese kwaqina. Kwakuphakathi nalesi sikhathi, "Varyag" kwaba ukulimala kakhulu elibi kakhulu futhi ezinzima. Ukubolekisa osezingeni projectile wamshaya esikebheni ohlangothini imbobo. I izimbobo utshaza amanzi, okwakubekelwa ugcwalise Igumbi kubhayela nge ilahle. Egumbini baphuthuma quartermasters Zhigarev ne crane. Bona ukuvimbela ukusabalala amanzi nezikhukhula yezinye kochegarok yayo. Ngaphezu kwakho konke lokhu imisiwe kokufa impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu "Varyag". Kafushane, amatilosi Russian wahlushwa Inkani, okuyinto kuphela ezitholakala abantu esasizobhujiswa ekhoneni.

ukubaleka

Phakathi naleso sikhathi, "Korean" lamboza "Varyag", kwenza i iqhinga ezibalulekile. amagobolondo zayo ezincane, ekugcineni efika ithuba ukufinyelela imikhumbi isitha. It baqala ukudubula impendulo. Kungakabiphi omunye wabaphathi Cruisers Japanese yalo ivuthe umlilo nomunye destroyer zonke zaqala ukucwila. Lapho kufika ithuba seliqediwe, impi abathintekayo izibhamu ohlangothini lwesobunxele. Gunners - nabalingiswa abasemqoka empini, ukufa babasolwa comrades, ukudubula ngaphandle kokuma. Umphumela Akuzange kwaphela isikhathi eside ukufika. Omunye kweminsalo labhujiswa ibhuloho aft "Asama" - the best of the Cruisers Japanese. Umbhali shot yimpumelelo kwaba the umdubuli kambayimbayi Fyodor Elizarov Simi emva inombolo ithuluzi nesithupha intshi 12.

Ngemva kokuphendukela induna wathumela umkhumbi ngabuyela emgwaqweni, uzama alibale lapho kubhujiswa lesi impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu "Varyag". Usuku lokukhumbula lesi senzakalo isibe omunye bhá nezinezinhlekelele kakhulu emlandweni yemikhumbi yaseRussia. Ngu 13 ezimpondweni ukulwa wayeka ngokuthi "Varyag" ekugcineni kwaba emuva emigwaqweni.

Phakathi nempi wadedelwa ezingaphezu kuka 1100 amagobolondo. Amatilosi ilahlekelwe ingxenye iqembu kwi emphemeni engenhla. Fans nezikebhe sezike yaphenduka ngesihlungo. Emphemeni futhi ibhodi wathola izimbobo eziningi, yingakho "Varyag" yavela ohlwini port.

izikhukhula impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu

imikhumbi yangaphandle yayingavunyelwe ukusebenzisa, ngaphambi emi emigwaqweni, ukulungele ukuhamba echwebeni, hhayi abaphazamisa Japanese ukuqeda Russian. Rudnev, ebheka lesi simo, ngabona ukuthi impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu wayeshonelwe kakhulu kwamandla ayo ukulwa. ukulwa kwakungenakwenzeka ezimweni ezinjalo. Ngezinye umkhandlu esifushane impi induna isinqumo ukuvula ukumisa bese liyazika umkhumbi.

Ithimba waqala esiphuthumayo. amatilosi Wounded nezikhulu sekudlule nomunye ezingalweni zabo. "Korean" sisondela kokufa impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu "Varyag" kanye isikebhe. Iningi Russian iyiswe enkantolo hlangothi. Amatilosi zokugcina ushiye umkhumbi ukucwila Lahlala emanzini. Othile efika umkhumbi ngokuphonsa ebhukuda, futhi Vasily belousov yayiphethe i floe ice ilindele ukufika isikebhe French.

"Korean" yasha. Abezinye Izizwe bacelwe ukwenza ngaphandle ndlela maqondana impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu. Okwenzeka empeleni ukuthi izinsalela we gunboat ngesivinini nayo lapho ebusweni amanzi eduze imikhumbi hlangothi. I Roll "Varyag" waba buqina. Uma ukubukela kude ngezikhathi kwakuzwakala ukuqhuma okuningi - kuyinto ekudleni komlilo amachashazi ngasinda neziqhumane. Ekugcineni umkhumbi wacwila. Ukubhujiswa kokugcina "Varyag" impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu sifundzile 18 amahora. Isithombe emkhunjini, okuyinto etholakala ngokukhula amabutho ukungalingani ekulweni, nomsizi wakhe nobuqhawe kuze kube sekugcineni imemori yemikhumbi yaseRussia.

Ukubuya ekhaya nezisebenzi

Empini wabulala abantu abangu-23, 10 ngaphezulu kakhulu kwalimala abashonele ezibhedlela emva esiphuthumayo. Amatilosi ezisele phakathi no-February, waya ematendeni akhe. Ukufa nobuqhawe we impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu "Varyag" futhi gunboat "Korean" nezikebhe sezike makwaziwe emhlabeni wonke. Amatilosi nezikhulu kuwo wonke amazwe lapho bema, futhi zamukelwa ngemfudumalo nenhlonipho undisguised. Kusukela wonke abekwe laba balisa amathelegramu futhi izincwadi.

Ukuthuma enkulu nezisebenzi nabo bahlangana e Shanghai, lapho kwakukhona khona gunboat "Manchuria". Inxusa Jikelele Ambassador Russian eConstantinople uphuthunyiswe umhlangano nabalingiswa, naphezu stop yabo emfushane kakhulu kuleli dolobha. Inkazimulo phambili we Mariners. Amatilosi kwadingeka ukuba abuyele ezweni lawo, lawela e-Odessa. Kulesi edolobheni emasontweni ambalwa kwakukhona belungiselela umhlangano wakhe.

Emkhunjini efika namaqhawe ukhishwa eGeorge Cross. Mangithi ukuthi waklonyeliswa zonke izisebenzi kungakhathaliseki isikhundla sabo. Yokudumisa salute ukufika waxoshwa. Lonke idolobha ugcwele glee zemikhosi. A isibonelo esifanayo kwaba e Sevastopol, lapho Black Sea zungu based. April 10, 1904 600 amatilosi 30 Izinduna zabantwana "Varyag" futhi "Korean" Kwenziwe inhlanhla sitimela esikhethekile kwesokunxele ngoba Petersburg. Endleleni isitimela wayeka eMoscow eziteshini eziningana. Yonke indawo njalo isitimela wamelela izakhamuzi futhi ubuso lokuqala edolobheni.

16 izisebenzi ekugcineni kwaba Petersburg. Kungxenyekazi esiteshini wahlangana uNicholas izihlobo, abameleli umkhandlu wedolobha, impi, kwamadoda asebukhosini, futhi yebo wonke gaba yemikhumbi Russian wayelandelwa. Ehola isixuku rose Jikelele-Admiral Grand Duke Alexei Alexandrovich.

Amatilosi wahamba iholide imihlobiso saseNevsky Prospekt. Umgwaqo laligcwele phama phama izakhamuzi. Zonke eduze avenue ujenga isikaniso amasosha, ababezoba uzibambe isixuku. Gala-orchestra ayizange izwakale ngemuva engapheli ohambisana nokumemeza, ihlombe. Okupheleliselwe emhlanganweni izisebenzi kanye Tsar uNicholas II.

I okunye isiphetho umkhumbi

I-Japanese bashaqeka ngesikhathi ukuziphatha kanye nesibindi Russian. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi Mutsuito engumbusi 1907 wathumela uCaptain Vsevolod Rudnev Order of YeJapan II degree. Kokufa impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu "Varyag" unyaka nonyaka, uyakhumbula hhayi kuphela e-Russia, kodwa futhi e-Japan. Tokyo banquma ukuqongelela nokulungisa impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu. Yena kwahlanganiswa Imperial Navy futhi yabizwa ngokuthi "Soy". Sekuyiminyaka eyisikhombisa lalisetshenziselwa njengoba esibuthakathaka ukuqeqeshwa. Igama elithi "Varyag" ngesikhathi emkhunjini ilondolozwe Japanese e uhloniphe isibindi amatilosi Russian nezinduna. Omunye impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu ngisho bamisa amatende zaseHawaii.

Nge kokugqashuka kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, Russia nase-Japan baba umbimbi. Uhulumeni tsarist ngithenge "Varyag" emuva. Ngo-1916, wayephenywa ifulegi Russian wabuyela Vladivostok. Lo mkhumbi wayiswa ngoxhaxha-Arctic Ocean. Ngobusuku obandulela le Februwari Revolution, i-impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu waya UK iyokhandwa. Iziphathimandla yaleli zwe athathe "Varyag", lapho amaBolshevik wenqaba ukukhokha izikweletu kahulumeni wase-tsarist. Ngo-1920 umkhumbi lathengiswa Scrap ukuze amaJalimane angasiboni. Ngo-1925 i-impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu sabanjwa isiphepho ngenkathi towed futhi ekugcineni sasisibi Sea Irish.