Siam Izwe: Zakudala samanje

Inkulumo ethi "umhlaba yaseSiam" umuntu engayazi umlando eNingizimu-mpumalanga Asia, ibonakala into enhle futhi akakaze abe khona ngempela. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, ngesikhathi kwaba isimo esinamandla, agcina at bay omakhelwane, futhi namuhla ingenye ethandwa kakhulu iholidi izindawo zezivakashi Russian.

protohistory

Imivubukulo etholakele ngesikhathi abavubukuli ukufakazela ukuthi la mazwe kwakwakhiwe abalimi, ababesebenzisa amathuluzi lethusi, okungenani, uNkulnkulu 3500 edlule. Ekuqaleni nkathi yethu lapho kakade kwakhiwa principalities eziningana. Abakhe kuyo babe abathwali izilimi Mon-Khmer. Ezinye zazo yokutholwa Buddhism ekhulwini lesi-6, futhi abantu baseCambodia abathi Hinduism.

Ekhulwini lesi-9 endaweni ka Siam kusukela neNyakatho yeVietnam esezingene Thais, ngubani Wagcina esehlala ezindaweni ezinkulu eMpumalanga Asia.

NgeNkathi Ephakathi

Ekhulwini le-13 le Thais bakwazi ukuhlanganisa futhi ukusungula geqe ka Sukhothai. nenkathi yokudlondlobala kwawo wangena nokubusa kweNkosi Ramkhamhaeng, ngubani ngokushesha waphenduka izwe lakhe kwelinye ezizweni ezinamandla kakhulu-ke South-East Asia. Ikakhulukazi, wandisa Sukhothai kanye ekupheleni kokubusa kwakhe wayala ukuqoba e itshe uhlu izimpumelelo zabo. Ngemva kokufa Ramkhamhaeng isimo wayekhona sekudlule cishe ikhulu leminyaka.

UMbuso Ayutthaya

Ekhulwini le-14, Sukhothai wayegxile ngumakhelwane wayo oseningizimu. Inkulumo Echaza Isimo Sezwe Ayutthaya yasungulwa by Rama Yokuqala, owathi yena ungunkulunkulu. Inhloko-dolobha yaso wawumkhulu kakhulu, ezingase kalula ancintisane eziningi izihloko European yesikhathi. It Thais abahlala ngezithako zawo, ngokokuqala ngqa, baqala ukusebenzisa igama elithi "Siamese" ukwakhelwa yayo.

Siam izwe

Ngo-1569 Ayutthaya kwakuhlezi amabutho Burmese. Kodwa abantu bakhe bakwazi ukuhlanganisa futhi akaxoshanga isitha. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ke ihlanganiswe ne isimo Ayutthaya Chiang Mai. Imiphumela iba yinhlanganisela yokukhandleka umbuso Siam.

Sekungamakhulu eminyaka amane, sekube izikhumbuzo eziningi nezinye imisebenzi zokuphila ngokwenyama futhi eqhubeka.

Ezemfundo isinqumo Chakri lwamakhosi

Ngo-1767 e Siam (yilokhu lizwe utshelwa sihloko) futhi kudla iBurma ibutho. Emzabalazweni wenkululeko yezwe eliholwa Jikelele Ngakho Shin, ngubani ephethwe sokuxosha bahlaseli, futhi ngihlezi esihlalweni sobukhosi bakwa-akhe sizana abaseduze Pya Chakri. Kuyinto yokugcina waba umsunguli we lwamakhosi, okuyinto isawubusa uMbuso Thailand.

Ubudlelwano kanye baseYurophu

I amanxusa e-King of Spain efika e Ayutthaya ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-16. Kodwa ngaphambi kwazo kukhona ngomkhumbi ngokuphindaphindiwe abathengisi European. Siam ababusi baqonde izinzuzo ukwakha ne izimenywa zaphesheya. Yingakho ngo-1608 bathumela amanxusa eNetherlands esiphethweni zezivumelwano zokuthula futhi ukuhweba. Ngokushesha Siam (namuhla kuliphi izwe utshelwa ngezansi) waziwa ngo-Old Umhlaba njengendawo ethembisa ukusungula ubudlelwano ngokuhweba, kwabonakala British ukuhweba posi futhi Dutch ukuhweba kumishini.

Inqubomgomo ohlakaniphile angaphandle yamakhosi Thai kwaba isizathu ukuthi ezweni labo uye wakugwema ikoloni baba uhlobo zone khulula phakathi ezibonakalayo phesheya emazweni eziyinhloko zaseYurophu.

Ekhulwini le-19

Ukuze uqhubeke singalahlekelwa uzibuse, ezweni Siam e 1828 usayine isivumelwano ne WaseBrithani. Ngokusho kwale dokhumenti, i-British bavunyelwe ukuba ukuhweba khulula ethekwini zendawo, futhi zonke izikhonzi ubugebengu of Her soMkhulu Queen Victoria kwadingeka ukuqonda amajaji British. Ngemva kwesikhashana, isivumelwano esifanayo sasayinwa nge-United States.

Ngo 1851, wanyukela sobukhosi Uhlaka lesine. Wathola imfundo ephakeme kakhulu, kuhlanganise nokutadisha ipumelelo isayensi Western, futhi benza okuningi ukuze nesimanje Siam. Lapho kuye kwaba izinguquko eziningana ezinkulu. Chief phakathi kwabo kwakukhona nokuqeda ubugqila, ukudalwa uhlelo wezobulungisa ejwayelekile baseYurophu abathuthela kule ndawo ekuqaleni ukwakhiwa nojantshi. Kunjalo-ke nangobufakazi inkambo Rama Okwesine sabekwa zokunqoba ukungazi ephakathi, okuyinto kuze kube yileso sikhathi wahlala Siam.

Umlando wezwe ngaphansi kweNkosi Chulalunkorne (Rama V)

Le nkosi, ngubani wathola isihlalo sobukhosi ngemva kokuba uyise Rama Okwesine, Waqhubeka nenqubo wezinguquko uyise waqala. Ngaphansi kwakhe ezweni Siam iphethwe nguMkhandlu State, kwakukhona zezinkonzo 12, wangena nokusakazwa imali yephepha futhi ivule isikole yomphakathi. Nokho, imizamo yakhe ukukhombisa ukuzimela e inqubomgomo angaphandle zehlulekile futhi cishe kwaholela ekubeni abonane nomqashi waseFrance. Noma kunjalo, ngo 1898 kwemibuso yaseYurophu waqinisekisa ephepheni inhloso yayo hhayi bephazamisa ubukhosi Siam.

Chulalunkorn wafuna ngazo zonke izindlela nokuqinisa isibopho ne mithi futhi ohulumeni lamazwe Izwe Elidala. Wayevame eya kude. Kube waphathwa hhayi njengonkulunkulu, njengoba kwenziwa ekhaya, futhi wasabela ubumnandi zemibuzo ngalokho okwenza Siam (yilokhu ezweni, ukuthi hlobo luni lwabantu abahlala khona, nokunye.).

Umlando isimo engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu lama-20

Naphezu kwemizamo etusekayo weNkosi Chulalunkorna, uma elahlekile isigayo aso amaningi insimu yalo. Ngo-1910, ngemva kokufa kwakhe, wanyukela esihlalweni sobukhosi indodana le nkosi sika Rama Sesithupha. Wayengumuntu Anglophile oshisekayo futhi isihloko uyaziqhenya Jikelele weZempi zoMbuso WaseBrithani. Ngaphansi kwakhe kuleli zwe langena kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala ngo-ohlangothini Entente. Nakuba amandla expeditionary wathunyelwa e-Europe, akazange iqhaza ekulweni.

Inkosi Rama Sesithupha wafa eneminyaka engu-44 beshadile. Indodana yakhe ngaleso sikhathi kwakuwukuthola izinyanga ezimbalwa nje kuphela ubudala, ngakho sobukhosi wazibonakalisa nomfowabo wenkosi.

revolution

Seventh Board of Rama, ebeyindandatho sobukhosi, lutho ekhethekile akufanele kumakwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akazange uphawule ukuthi yezwe yabumba kwemizwelo antimonarchist, okuyinto yabangela ushintsho olukhulu ngaphandle kwegazi oqubuke ngo-1932.

Umqalisi we Icebo lika kwaba inhlangano imfihlo "Abantu sika Party". Amalungu ayo, ikakhulukazi Thais owayefundiswe e-Europe, wasebenzisa yokuthi inkosi ubekade yokuhlala izwe Hua Hin, ashaqa amandla e Bangkok. Baphenduka ube kalowo 40 abameleli asebukhosini, kanye izikhonzi eziningana futhi ojenene. Inkosi kwakungasekho okunye kodwa ukwamukela nemibandela "Abantu sika Party", ayenakho manje ngaphansi okuyinto lokubusa, ngokuvumelana nomthetho-sisekelo, eyabhalwa bale nhlangano.

ukuqanjwa kabusha

Ngo-1939 i-kwenzeka, ngenxa okuyinto namuhla sibezwe lo mbuzo: "? Yini izwe wabizwa ngokuthi Siam" Emzamweni ukudala isimo esisha, wabaholi Ngabamba ukuqanjwa kabusha zombuso. agumenti yabo eyayibalulekile ukuthi igama elithi "Siam" wawuyinqaba le Thais. Njengoba inketho amagama amasha okuphakanyiswe "Mueang Tai" futhi "Pratet Tai." Ngemva kwalokho, bonke euphonious ngaphezulu ayebhekwa ibinzana "uMbuso Thailand".

yesimanjemanje

Namuhla, Thailand - kuwuhlobo isimo uhulumeni okuyinto lapho sebebuswa inkosi eyakhelwe ngaphezu komthethosisekelo. Okwamanje, izwe libhekene nokukhula ngokushesha komnotho. izihloko ezibalulekile umnotho kukhona ezolimo kanye nezokuvakasha. Izwe ngokwayo inikeza igesi yemvelo, okuyinto kubhekwa umthombo oyinhloko ugesi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Thailand ingenye abathuthi kwasolwandle iraba esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni.

Manje ngoba sewuyazi ukuthi yini izwe wayebizwa ngokuthi Siam. Ngaphandle kwalokho, wazi eminye imininingwane yomlando wazo, ngakho-ke ngeke kube ngesithakazelo esikhulu ukuzwa izindaba iziqondiso ngesikhathi evakashele Thailand.