Kokukhulelwa double

Zempova siwela phezu kwanoma iyiphi ngehlazo ngandlela-thile ukuthi, uqale iqhume. , Kwamiswa Grain ichichima impova ishubhu is emangqamuzaneni vegetative. Ngakho, ukuhluma iqala. Igobolondo iphula endaweni thinnest we impova ishubhu. Kusukela ichopho tube labelwe izinto ezikhethekile. Bona ukuthambisa izindwangu ikholomu kanye nenhlamba.

I-nucleus kwamaseli okuzala futhi vegetative seningene ngaphakathi lo impova ishubhu. iseli okuzala uhlukanisa futhi yakha amabili isidoda. Through the micropyle (imbobo igobolondo) ovule impova ishubhu is ukungena ngaphakathi komgodlana umbungu. Ngaphakathi isikhwama tube sinqamukile nokuqukethwe yathululela.

Khona-ke Fusion kwenzeka ngesidoda senye iqanda elilodwa. Ngakho, i-zygote, kamuva akunika ekuqaleni imbewu umbungu. Ndawonye nale wesibili uhlangane ne-nucleus eyinhloko isidoda. Lokhu kuholela ekwakhekeni triploid nucleus kweqa kamuva e triploid endosperm, okuyinto secondary.

Zonke inqubo ngenhla ibizwa ngokuthi "kokukhulelwa kabili zezimbali."

Antipodes futhi synergids (nuclei polar ngaphakathi komgodlana bungu) emva kokuphothulwa inqubo kuthiwa yahlakazeka, futhi integuments (nemigubuzelo) yakha imbewu elingenamikhono.

kokukhulelwa Double ezitshalweni kwatholakala usosayensi Russian S. Navashin.

Kule nqubo, i-nucleus ngaphakathi komgodlana embryonic ngokuvamile inkulu kakhulu kunangendlela nucleus isidoda, okuyinto ebangele ngokuthola interphase lokuqala (esigabeni esiphakathi). Kulesi simo kanye ukuma nuclei ye-yolk sac umbungu zingahluka. Ngokwesibonelo, abanye Asteraceae zingase side, ngezinye izikhathi tortuous, non nucleoli. Ngokuvamile, isidoda ethulwa ngesimo oyindilinga nuclei interphase nge nucleoli, kwezinye izimo, abangenalo Ngokungafani isakhiwo we nuclei zesifazane.

kokukhulelwa Double kungaba ezimbili zama, kuye ngokuthi uhlobo inyunyana nuclei owesilisa nowesifazane.

Ngakho, lapho inqubo kwenzeka premitotic ukucwiliswa isidoda nuclei e umnyombo besifazane, lapho despiralization (unwinding) kuma-chromosome. Kulesi inyunyana amasethi kokubili-chromosomes e interphase nuclei kwenziwa.

Postmitotic kokukhulelwa double kuyinto ukungena nuclei iduna nensikazi, esaziwa igobolondo prophase, okuyinto uphela ubudlelwane babo kakhudlwana. Ezemfundo nuclei interphase, aqukethe chromosome amasethi, siza ngemuva uzosingatha mitotic division lokuqala e-zygote.

Lapho ukuvundiswa kweqanda double kwenzeka Fusion iqanda ka haploid ezimbili (aqukethe ingxenye inani lezakhi zofuzo) cores, Nokho diploid zygote nucleus (neqoqo egcwele kuma-chromosome).

yakheke inombolo chromosome ka endosperm nuclei Kuye inani nuclei polar eziqukethwe iseli emaphakathi.

kokukhulelwa Double ikhuthaza ukubonisa izici owandile endosperm imbewu (hybrid) isitshalo endosperm esivela kubaba. Nge Ukungena umbungu esakeni ambalwa impova amashubhu, inqubo kuhilela isidoda esivela tube lokuqala, kwezinye amashubhu isidoda ngamahlumela ezinga eliphansi omunye. kokukhulelwa Double ngelesibili spermatozoa kukalutshwana kakhulu.

Phakathi nophenyo embryological eziningana usebenzisa abameleli angiosperms ezahlukene (Compositae, Ranunculaceae, Liliaceae) Navashin endosperm-accessory kwafakazelani njengoba umbungu inqubo ngokocansi e zezimbali. Lesi simo esiyingqayizivele sibangelwa sici kuphela abameleli angiosperms flora.

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi umsebenzi Navashin avunyelwe ukucacisa umbuzo umsuka endosperm. Imithelela okwatholakala usosayensi ziye athuthukiswe.